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Probabilistic rainfall thresholds in Chibo, India: estimation and validation using monitoring system

Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 870-883页

作者： abhirup dikshit Neelima SATYAM Discipline of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Indore Simrol

The Himalayan region has been severely affected by landslides especially during the monsoons. In particular, Kalimpong region in Darjeeling Himalayas has recorded several landslides and has caused significant loss of life, property and agricultural land. The study region, Chibo has experienced several landslides in the past which were mainly debris and earth slide. Globally, several types of rainfall thresholds have been used to determine rainfall-induced landslide incidents. In this paper, probabilistic thresholds have been defined as it would provide a better understanding compared to deterministic thresholds which provide binary results, i.e., either landslide or no landslide for a particular rainfall event. Not much research has been carried out towards validation of rainfall thresholds using an effective and robust monitoring system. The thresholds are then validated using a reliable system utilizing Microelectromechanical Systems(MEMS) tilt sensor and volumetric water content sensor installed in the region. The system measures the tilt of the instrument which is installed at shallow depths and is ideal for an early warning system for shallow landslides. The change in observed tilt angles due to rainfall would give an understanding of the applicability of the probabilistic model. The probabilities determined using Bayes' theorem have been calculated using the rainfall parameters and landslide data in 2010-2016. The rainfall values were collected from an automatic rain gauge setup near the Chibo region. The probabilities were validated using the MEMS based monitoring system setup in Chibo for the monsoon season of 2017. This is the first attempt to determine probabilities and validate it with a robust and effective monitoring system in Darjeeling Himalayas. This study would help in developing an early warning system for regions where the installation of monitoring systems may not be feasible.

关键词： Early warning Probabilistic thresholds Kalimpong Monitoring

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Spatial flood susceptibility mapping using an explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)model

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Geoscience Frontiers 2023年第6期14卷 8-19页

作者： Biswajeet Pradhan Saro Lee abhirup dikshit Hyesu Kim Centre for Advanced Modelling and Geospatial Information Systems(CAMGIS) School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering&ITUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW 2007Australia Earth Observation Center Institute of Climate ChangeUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKMBangiSelangorMalaysia Geoscience Data Center Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM)124 Gwahang-noYuseong-guDaejeon 34132South Korea Department of Resources Engineering Korea University of Science and Technology217 Gajeong-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34113South Korea Department of Astronomy Space Science and GeologyChungnam National University99 Daehak-roYuseong-guDaejeon 34134South Korea

Floods are natural hazards that lead to devastating financial losses and large displacements of *** susceptibility maps can improve mitigation measures according to the specific conditions of a study *** design of flood susceptibility maps has been enhanced through use of hybrid machine learning and deep learning *** these models have achieved better accuracy than traditional models,they are not widely used by stakeholders due to their black-box *** this study,we propose the application of an explainable artificial intelligence(XAI)model that incorporates the Shapley additive explanation(SHAP)model to interpret the outcomes of convolutional neural network(CNN)deep learning models,and analyze the impact of variables on flood susceptibility *** study was conducted in Jinju Province,South Korea,which has a long history of flood *** performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC),which showed a prediction accuracy of 88.4%.SHAP plots showed that land use and various soil attributes significantly affected flood susceptibility in the study *** light of these findings,we recommend the use of XAIbased models in future flood susceptibility mapping studies to improve interpretations of model outcomes,and build trust among stakeholders during the flood-related decision-making process.

关键词： Flood susceptibility Explainable AI Deep learning South Korea

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Large soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS) in the Permian Barren Measures Formation, Pranhita-Godavari Valley, India:potential link to syn-rift palaeoearthquake events

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第2期9卷 198-215页

作者： Biplab Bhattacharya abhirup Saha Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India

Records of palaeoearthquakes in sedimentary rocks are often debated due to the potential confusion in distinguishing seismic versus aseismic trigger mechanisms causing *** present paper documents some unique soft-sediment deformation structures(SSDS),characterized by their extremely large size,complex morphology and preservation in coarse-grained pebbly *** SSDS are present in the Permian Barren Measures Formation,a syn-rift depositional unit within the Lower Gondwana succession in the Pranhita-Godavari Valley,eastern Peninsular ***^210 m thick succession is represented by stacked fining-up retrogradational cycles,characterized by coarse-grained trough cross-stratified pebbly sandstones near the base and fine-grained heterolithic sandstones–mudstones at the *** cycle signifies a change from fluvial-to tidal-influenced depositional ***-grained pebbly sandstone beds near the base of each cycle record most SSDS,including complexly deformed layers,pseudonodules,load and flame structures,various water-escape structures like vertical/inclined sediment columns(sedimentary dykes)and contorted beds,and syn-sedimentary *** deformed beds are underlain and overlain by the undeformed *** deformed SSDS are often sharply truncated at the top by undeformed beds manifesting syn-sedimentary character,which signifies that deformation took place just after deposition of the affected beds,but before deposition of the overlying beds while sedimentation was *** analysis reveals the absence of processes like storms/pounding waves,slumps,rapid dumping(massive beds),impact shaking,volcanisms,tsunami waves or sediment gravity flows in the study area,thus negating their possibility as triggering agents for the *** complex nature and large size of the deformation structures imply extensive liquefaction near the sediment–water *** addition,the deformed beds comply with most of the criteria of typic

关键词： Large SSDS Seismites Fluvial-tidal Syn-rift Gondwana Permian

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Enveloping Relief Surfaces of Landslide Terrain

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Journal of Mountain Science 2007年第3期4卷 203-208页

作者： A.K.Pachauri abhirup Chatterjee Reeta Gaur Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology

Two relief surfaces that envelop the rock fall region in a part of Garhwal Himalayas around Chamoli have been identified. Relative relief and absolute relief have been analyzed and the enveloping surfaces recorded at two levels of relief in the landscape. All landslide activity lies within these surfaces. The lower enveloping surface （800 m） dips due south by 7-8 degrees, due to an elevation rise of lOO meters within 12 km from south to north, i.e., a gradient of 8 percent. The nature of the surface is smooth. The upper enveloping surface （〉 2500 m） is almost parallel to the lower one but its surface is undulatory due to landslides and denudation. The area has been a seismically active region and has undergone seismic activity up until recently, as evidenced by the Chamoli earthquake of 29th March 1999. The effects of earthquakes are seen at higher levels in the form of landslide imprints on the terrain.

关键词： Relief landslide terrain Himalayas

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Dry/wet snow mapping based on the synergistic use of dual polarimetric SAR and multispectral data

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第6期16卷 1435-1451页

作者： Divyesh VARADE Onkar dikshit Surendar MANICKAM Geoinformatics Department of Civil EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology KanpurKalyanpurKanpur-208016India Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNC-27708-028USA

We propose a multi-sensor multi-spectral and bi-temporal dual-polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) data integration scheme for dry/wet snow mapping using Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 data which are freely available to the research community. The integration is carried out by incorporating the information retrieved from ratio images of the conventional method for wet snow mapping and the multispectral data in two different frameworks. Firstly, a simple differencing scheme is employed for dry/wet snow mapping, where the snow cover area is derived using the Normalized Differenced Snow Index(NDSI). In the second framework, the ratio images are stacked with the multispectral bands and this stack is used for supervised and unsupervised classification using support vector machines for dry/wet snow mapping. We also investigate the potential of a state of the art backscatter model for the identification of dry/wet snow using Sentinel-1 data. The results are validated using a reference map derived from RADARSAT-2 full polarimetric SAR data. A good agreement was observed between the results and the reference data with an overall accuracy greater than 0.78 for the different blending techniques examined. For all the proposed frameworks, the wet snow was better identified. The coefficient of determination between the snow wetness derived from the backscatter model and the reference based on RADARSAT-2 data was observed to be 0.58 with a significantly higher root mean square error of 1.03 % by volume.

关键词： Snow mapping Ratio method Normalized Differenced Snow Index Classification Polarimetric synthetic-aperture radar

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Fractional-Order Model of the Disease Psoriasis:A Control Based Mathematical Approach

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第6期29卷 1565-1584页

作者： CAO Xianbing DATTA abhirup AL BASIR Fahad ROY Priti Kumar College of Science Beijing Technology and Business University Centre for Mathematical Biology and Ecology Department of MathematicsJadavpur University

Autoimmune diseases are generated through irregular immune response of the human body. Psoriasis is one type of autoimmune chronic skin diseases that is differentiated by T-Cells mediated hyper-proliferation of epidermal Keratinocytes. Dendritic Cells and CD8＋ T-Cells have a significant role for the occurrence of this disease. In this paper, the authors have developed a mathematical model of Psoriasis involving CD4＋ T-Cells, Dendritic Ceils, CD8＋ T-Cells and Keratinocyte cell populations using the fractional differential equations with the effect of Cytokine release to observe the impact of memory on the cell-biological system. Using fractional calculus, the authors try to explore the suppressed memory, associated with the cell-biological system and to locate the position of Keratinocyte cell population as fractional derivative possess non-local property. Thus, the dynamics of Psoriasis can be predicted in a better way using fractional differential equations rather than its corresponding integer order model. Finally, the authors introduce drug into the system to obstruct the interaction between CD4＋ T-Cells and Keratinocytes to restrict the disease Psoriasis. The authors derive the Euler-Lagrange conditions for the optimality made through Matlab by developing iterative of the drug induced system. Numerical simulations are schemes.

关键词： Fractional differential equations (FDEs) memory optimal control problem pMHC Pso-riasis.

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Artificial intelligence in perioperative management of major gastrointestinal surgeries

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第21期27卷 2758-2770页

作者： Sohan Lal Solanki Saneya Pandrowala abhirup Nayak Manish Bhandare Reshma P Ambulkar Shailesh V Shrikhande Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and PainTata Memorial HospitalHomi Bhabha National InstituteMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia Gastro-Intestinal Services Department of Surgical OncologyTata Memorial HospitalHomi Bhabha National InstituteMumbai 400012MaharashtraIndia

Artificial intelligence(AI)demonstrated by machines is based on reinforcement learning and revolves around the usage of *** purpose of this review was to summarize concepts,the scope,applications,and limitations in major gastrointestinal *** is a narrative review of the available literature on the key capabilities of AI to help anesthesiologists,surgeons,and other physicians to understand and critically evaluate ongoing and new AI applications in perioperative *** uses available databases called“big data”to formulate an *** of other data based on these algorithms can help in early diagnosis,accurate risk assessment,intraoperative management,automated drug delivery,predicting anesthesia and surgical complications and postoperative outcomes and can thus lead to effective perioperative management as well as to reduce the cost of *** physicians,anesthesiologists,and surgeons are well-positioned to help integrate AI into modern surgical *** all need to partner and collaborate with data scientists to collect and analyze data across all phases of perioperative care to provide clinical scenarios and *** implementation and use of AI along with real-time human interpretation will revolutionize perioperative care,and is the way forward in future perioperative management of major surgery.

关键词： Algorithms Artificial intelligence Big data Data management Machine learning Perioperative care

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The IRAK-ERK-p67phox-Nox-2 axis mediates TLR4, 2-induced ROS production for IL-lp transcription and processing in monocytes

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第6期13卷 747-763页

作者： Ankita Singh Vishal Singh Rajiv L. Tiwari Tulika Chandra Ashutosh Kumar Madhu dikshit Manoj K. Barthwal Pharmacology Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute B.S. 10/1 Sector 10 Sitapur Road Jankipuram Extension Lucknow 226031 Uttar Pradesh India Department of Transfusion Medicine and Blood Bank King George's Medical University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India Department of Pathology King George's Medical University Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India

In monocytic cells, Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）- and TLR2-induced reactive oxygen species （ROS） cause oxidative stress and inflammatory response; however, the mechanism is not well understood. The present study investigated the role of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase （IRAK）, extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）, p67phox and Nox-2 in TLR4- and TLR2-induced ROS generation during interleukin-1 beta （IL-1β） transcription, processing, and secretion. An IRAK1/4 inhibitor, U0126, PD98059, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor （diphenyleneiodonium （DPI））, and a free radical scavenger （N-acetyl cysteine （NAC））-attenuated TLR4 （lipopolysaccharide （LPS））- and TLR2 （Pam3csk4）-induced ROS generation and IL-1β production in THP-1 and primary human monocytes. An IRAK1/4 inhibitor and siRNA-attenuated LPS- and Pam3csk4-induced ERK-IRAK1 association and ERK phosphorylation and activity. LPS and Pam3csk4 also induced IRAK1/4-, ERK- and ROS-dependent activation of activator protein-1 （AP-1）, IL-1β transcription, and IL-1β processing because significant inhibition in AP-1 activity, IL-lp transcription, Pro- and mature IL-p expression, and caspase-1 activity was observed with PD98059, U0126, DPI, NAC, an IRAK1/4 inhibitor, tanshinone Ila, and IRAK1 siRNA treatment. IRAK-dependent ERK-p67phox interaction, p67phox translocation, and p67phox-Nox-2 interaction were observed. Nox-2 siRNA significantly reduced secreted IL-lp, IL-1β transcript, pro- and mature IL-1β expression, and caspase-1 activity indicating a role for Nox-2 in LPS- and Pam3csk4-induced IL-1β production, transcription, and processing. In the present study, we demonstrate that the TLR4- and TLR2-induced IRAK-ERK pathway cross-talks with p67phox-Nox-2 for ROS generation, thus regulating IL-1β transcription and orocessin; in monocvtic cells.

关键词： IL-1β IRAK monocytes ROS TLR

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Passage of nasogastric tube through tracheo-esophageal fistula into stomach: A rare event

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第7期2卷 309-310页

作者： Ravikiran Shankar Kamble Rahulkumar Gupta Abhaya Gupta Paras Kothari K Vishesh dikshit Krishnakumar Kesan Kedar Mudkhedkar Department of Pediatric Surgery Lokamany Tilak Municipal Medical College and Government HospitalMaharashtra 400022India

Esophageal atresia with tracheo-oesophageal fistula(TEF) occurs in 1 in 3500 live births. Anorectal malformation is found to be associated with 14% of TEF. Esophageal atresia with TEF is a congenital anomaly which classically presents as excessive frothing from the mouth and respiratory distress. Rarely gastric position of the feeding tube in a case of TEF can be obtained delaying the diagnosis of TEF. We had an uncommon situation where a nasogastric tube reached the stomach through the trachea and tracheo-esophageal fistula, leading to misdiagnosis in a case of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula. By using a stiff rubber catheter instead of a soft feeding tube for the diagnosis of esophageal atresia and TEF, such situation can be avoided.

关键词： Esophageal atresia Tracheoesophageal fistula Nasogastric tube Red rubber catheter Misdiagnosis

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Saturation Effects on Immunopathogenic Mechanism of Psoriasis:A theoretical approach

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应用泛函分析学报 2011年第3期13卷 310-318页

作者： Priti Kumar Roy abhirup Datta Amar Nath Chatterjee Center for Mathematical Biology and Ecology Department of MathematicsJadavpur University

Psoriasis vulgaris is a common chronic autoimmune inflammatory skin disease characterized by T-cell mediated hyper proliferation of *** type of skin disorder is characterized by macroscopic and also microscopic skin *** was observed that,psoriatic lesions are sharply demarcated,red and slightly raised lesions along with silver whitish *** striking feature of T-cell mediated chronic psoriatic lesions are the epidermal infiltration of predominantly oligoclonal CD8^+T-cells and probably also of CD4^+T-cells in the *** this research article we proposed a mathematical model for the chronic disease,psoriasis,consisting a set of differential equations, involving T-Lymphocytes cells,Dendritic cells and the epidermal Keratinocytes,incorporating half saturation constant through the T lymphocyte cells and also in that sense,it has been infiltrated in the activation process of keratinocytes in the course of the plaque of *** biological research on psoriasis has been established the suppression of epidermal T-cell *** we are interested to know how the cell biological system changes for introducing the half saturation constant in presence of suppression taking place DCs on the model *** analytical and numerical result reveal that due to control effect,the macrophages population density does not impede for the interaction between T-cell and keratinocytes.T-cell and keratinocyte population ultimately become stable after a certain period of time span.

关键词： dendritic cells helper T-cells Keratinocytes DCs dermis epidermis drug efficacy

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