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Novel microbial fuel cell design to operate with different wastewaters simultaneously

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第4期28卷 105-111页

作者： abhilasha Singh Mathuriya Department of Biotechnology Anand Engineering College

A novel single cathode chamber and multiple anode chamber microbial fuel cell design（MAC-MFC）was developed by incorporating multiple anode chambers into a single unit and its performance was *** 60 days of operation,performance of MAC-MFC was assessed and compared with standard single anode/cathode chamber microbial fuel cell（SC-MFC）.The tests showed that MAC-MFC generated stable and higher power outputs compared with SC-MFC and each anode chamber contributed ***,MAC-MFCs were incorporated with different wastewaters in different anode chambers and their behavior in MFC performance was ***-MFC efficiently treated multiple wastewaters simultaneously at low cost and small space,which claims its candidature for future possible scale-up applications.

关键词： Microbial fuel cells Multiple wastes Bioelectricity New design Wastewater treatment

Experimental study of the restoring force mechanism in the self-centering beam （SCB）

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2016年第3期10卷 272-282页

作者： abhilasha MAURYA Matthew R. EATHERTON Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 2406 USA

In the past, several self-centering （SC） seismic systems have been developed. However, examples of selfcentering systems used in practice are limited due to unusual field construction practices, high initial cost premiums and deformation incompatibility with the gravity framing. A self centering beam moment frame （SCB-MF） has been developed that mitigates several of these issues while adding to the advantages of a typical SC system. The self-centering beam （SCB） is a shop-fabricated, self-contained structural component that when implemented in a moment resisting frame can bring a building back to plumb after an earthquake. This paper describes the SCB concepts and experimental program on five SCB specimens at two-third scale relative to a prototype building. Experimental results are presented including the global force-deformation behavior. The SCBs are shown to undergo 5%-6% story drift without any observable damage to the SCB body and columns. Strength equations developed for the SCB predict the moment capacity well, with a mean difference of 6% between experimental and predicted capacities. The behavior of the restoring force mechanism is described. The limit states that cause a loss in system＇s restoring force which lead to a decrease in the selfcentering capacity of the SCB-MF, are presented.

关键词： self-centering seismic system seismic design hysteretic behavior restoring force resilient structural system

Enhanced fitness due to higher fecundity,increased defence against a specialist and tolerance towards a generalist herbivore in an invasive annual plant

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2009年第2期2卷 77-86页

作者： D.abhilasha J.Joshi Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Biochemistry and Biology Biodiversity Research/BotanyUniversity of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 114469 PotsdamGermany

Aims The superior performance of many non-indigenous species in a new range can be attributed to different factors such as pre-adaptation to environmental conditions in new areas or to factors inherent to displacement mechanisms such as loss of co-evolved pathogens and herbivores that increase the speed of evolutionary change towards a shift in allocation from defence to growth and *** assess the importance of the different mechanisms governing the success of Conyza canadensis,a globally successful invader,we simultaneously tested several recent hypotheses potentially explaining the factors leading to biological *** We tested(i)whether plants from the non-native range showed a higher fitness than plants from the native North American range,(ii)whether they differed in resistance against an invasive generalist herbivore,the slug Arion lusitanicus and against a recently established specialist aphid herbivore,Uroleucon erigeronense and(iii)experimentally assessed whether *** releases allelopathic chemicals that have harmful effects on competing species in the nonnative *** compared populations along a similar latitudinal gradient both in the native North American and invasive European range and analysed patterns of adaptive clinal variation in biomass *** Findings The invasion success of *** in Europe cannot be attributed to a single trait,but to a combination of *** plants benefited from increased growth and above all,increased reproduction(a key trait in an annual plant)and were less attacked by a co-migrated specialist *** observed loss of defence against generalist slugs did not translate into a decreased fitness as invasive *** plants showed a high re-growth *** contrast to earlier in vitro studies,we detected no allelopathic effects on the competing flora in the non-native *** latitudinal cline in vegetative biomass production in the non-native range observ

关键词： allelopathy biological invasions Conyza canadensis EICA hypothesis generalist/specialist herbivory latitudinal clines biogeographic comparison common garden

Field cancerisation in colorectal cancer:A new frontier or pastures past?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第13期21卷 3763-3772页

作者： abhilasha Patel Gyanendra Tripathi Kishore Gopalakrishnan Nigel Williams Ramesh P Arasaradnam Department of Colorectal Surgery University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventry CV2 2DXUnited Kingdom University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7ALUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS TrustCoventry CV2 2DXUnited Kingdom

Despite considerable advances in our understanding of cancer biology, early diagnosis of colorectal cancer remains elusive. Based on the adenoma-carcinoma sequence, cancer develops through the progressive accumulation of mutations in key genes that regulate cell growth. However, recent mathematical modelling suggests that some of these genetic events occur prior to the development of any discernible histological abnormality. Cells acquire pro-tumourigenic mutations that are not able to produce morphological change but predispose to cancer formation. These cells can grow to form large patches of mucosa from which a cancer arises. This process has been termed "field cancerisation". It has received little attention in the scientific literature until recently. Several studies have now demonstrated cellular, genetic and epigenetic alterations in the macroscopically normal mucosa of colorectal cancer patients. In some reports, these changes were effectively utilised to identify patients with a neoplastic lesion suggesting potential application in the clinical setting. In this article, we present the scientific evidence to support field cancerisation in colorectal cancer and discuss important limitations that require further investigation. Characterisation of the field defect is necessary to enable early diagnosis of colorectal cancer and identify molecular targets for chemoprevention. Field cancerisation offers a promising prospect for experimental cancer research and has potential to improve patient outcomes in the clinical setting.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Carcinogenesis Biomarkers Epigen

Comparison of Expression Levels of Rankl and IL-17a in Young Male and Female Orthodontic Patients with and Without the Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

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Comparison of Expression Levels of Rankl and IL-17a in Young...

作者： abhilasha KHANAL 华中科技大学

学位级别：硕士

目的：龈沟液（GCF）是龈沟中渗出物。正畸治疗过程中的机械力使牙周韧带（PDL）和细胞外基质发生改变，并引起一系列信号转导，最后导致GCF成分的改变。本实验研究了正畸牙移动（OTM），特别是尖牙后移过程中，在青少年、年轻成年男性... 详细信息

目的：龈沟液（GCF）是龈沟中渗出物。正畸治疗过程中的机械力使牙周韧带（PDL）和细胞外基质发生改变，并引起一系列信号转导，最后导致GCF成分的改变。本实验研究了正畸牙移动（OTM），特别是尖牙后移过程中，在青少年、年轻成年男性和女性龈沟液中NF-κB配体的受体激活剂（RANKL）和白细胞介素-17A（IL-17A）之间表达水平的差异。同时也分析了RANKL和IL-17A表达水平之间的相关性。方法：72名健康的青少年和年轻成人被分为治疗组（实验组，称为A组，24名男性，24名女性）和非治疗组（B组，12名男性，12名女性）。在一个年龄跨度较大的分组中，1:1的分配比例更有优势。它在检测RANKL和IL-17A表达中有90%的成功率。收集所有研究对象上颌尖牙三个位点（近中，中间和远中）的龈沟液。用ELISA检测细胞因子RANKL和IL-17A的表达水平。结果： 1.男性和女性IL-17A的比较：显示男性A组比B组的蛋白水平明显增高(p <0.05)。同样，女性A组比B组的蛋白水平也明显增高（p<0.05)。 ***的组间比较：单因素方差分析显示女性A组和B组，男性A组和B组间存在显著性差异（P <0.05）。 ***-17A的组内比较：发现男性A组和女性A组，男性B组和女性B组间存在显著性差异（P <0.05）。 ***的组内比较：发现男性A组和女性A组，男性B组和女性B组间存在显著性差异（P <0.05）。 ***相关系数检验（1-tailed）：r=0.788* 结论：治疗组比非治疗组RANKL和IL-17A的相关水平显著增加，可能是由于正畸治疗引起的。所有治疗组与未治疗组的青少年、年轻成年男性比相应女性组的IL-17A和RANKL的表达水平显著增加，可能是由于女性有更高的雌激素水平。

关键词：龈沟液 RANKL IL-17A 正畸牙齿移动(OTM)

辅助伺服通气（ASV）和持续正压通气（CPAP）治疗复杂性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征/中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的效果比较-Meta分析

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辅助伺服通气（ASV）和持续正压通气（CPAP）治疗复杂性睡眠呼吸...

作者： abhilasha Shah 天津医科大学

学位级别：硕士

研究目的：本文旨在比较辅助伺服通气（ASV）和持续正压通气（CPAP）对治疗复杂性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征／中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的治疗效果。数据来源：在PubMecl、Cochrane系统综述数据库、会议摘要和原文创作中收集相关... 详细信息

研究目的：本文旨在比较辅助伺服通气（ASV）和持续正压通气（CPAP）对治疗复杂性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征／中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的治疗效果。数据来源：在PubMecl、Cochrane系统综述数据库、会议摘要和原文创作中收集相关文章。公认研究中的引用部分通过其它的研究证实。资料的样本量、入选者的特点、研究的设计、干预方法、随访时间和治疗结果均由独立的评审员根据标准进行评价。回顾分析的方法： ASV是治疗复杂性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征/中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的一个值得考虑的方法。我们通过meta分析对ASV和CPAP这两种方法的疗效进行了分析。我们选择了AHI, CAI, RAI作为观察指标进行分析。我们也进行了第二个meta分析比较了ASV与其它方法对左室射血分数的改善情况。第一个meta分析中数据来自3个随机对照试验99例患者。第二个meta分析数据来自4个随机对照试验的97例患者。研究结果：随机对照试验、前瞻性随机临床试验、回顾性研究均提示ASV同CPAP相比,在改善PSG结果方面效果更好。ASV治疗组,AHI, CAI, RAI分别减少了72.23%,84.56%和80.36%;CPAP治疗组三者的减少值分别为52.12%,-1.82（增加较PSG）,33.52%.两种治疗方法合并后的结果显示AHI, CAI, RAI的改变为0.9621（95%CI:0.59-1.32）;0.95（95%CI:0.58-1.32）;0.7（95%CI:0.33-1.07）。ASV治疗组在减少PSG结果方面效果较好,差异有统计学意义。对左室射血分数的改善,ASV与其它方法（持续正压通气、sub-therapeutic ASV、氧疗）比较为0.71（95%CI:0.29-1.12）。这些结果显示ASV是目前为止治疗复杂性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征／中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征最好的方法。我们也对本研究设计进行的灵敏性分析。发表偏差分析提示可能有些研究未能包含其中。结论：本研究分析提示,ASV治疗方法较CPAP治疗方法在改善AHI, CAI, RAI,LVEF方面效果更显著。

关键词：复杂性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征睡眠呼吸暂停 Meta分析伺服呼吸通气适应性通气持续正压通气

Utility of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2021年第3期2卷 79-88页

作者： Niel Shah abhilasha Jyala Harish Patel Jasbir Makker Department of Internal Medicine BronxCare Hospital CenterBronxNY 10457United States Department of Internal Medicine GastroenterologyBronxCare Hospital CenterBronxNY 10457United States

Colorectal cancer is one of the major causes of death *** is the most important tool that can identify neoplastic lesion in early stages and resect it in a timely manner which helps in reducing mortality related to colorectal ***,the quality of colonoscopy findings depends on the expertise of the endoscopist and thus the rate of missed adenoma or polyp cannot be *** is desirable to standardize the quality of colonoscopy by reducing the number of missed adenoma/*** of artificial intelligence(AI)in the field of medicine has become popular among physicians *** application of AI in colonoscopy can help in reducing miss rate and increasing colorectal cancer detection rate as per recent ***,AI assistance during colonoscopy has also been utilized in patients with inflammatory bowel disease to improve diagnostic accuracy,assessing disease severity and predicting clinical *** conducted a literature review on the available evidence on use of AI in *** this review article,we discuss about the principles,application,limitations,and future aspects of AI in colonoscopy.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Colonoscopy Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Adenoma detection rate Adenoma

An Innovative Concept of High-Dose-Rate (HDR) Intracavitary Brachytherapy with an Intrauterine Inflatable Balloon for Endometrial Carcinoma

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2014年第9期5卷 878-883页

作者： abhilasha Patel Shannon Cummins Join Y. Luh Tony Eng University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (UTHSCSA) San Antonio TX USA

Purpose: Curative radiation therapy is an established treatment option for non-surgical patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma. Dosimetric analyses were performed using a single tandem, double tandem, Heyman capsules, and an inflatable intrauterine balloon to assess the dose homogeneity and conformality in the definitive treatment of inoperable endometrial cancer. Methods and Materials: Patients’ informed-consent was obtained. Dosimetric analyses were performed using four different after-loading applicators to assess the dose homogeneity and conformality of isodose to the three-dimensional (3-D) shape of the target volume (uterus) based on CT data in four patients (n = 4). The single tandem and double tandems were standard Fletcher-type (Nucletron Corporation, Columbia, MD). Heyman capsules were the disposable after-loading type (Radiation Products Design, Inc., Albertville, MN). The inflatable balloon with a central bi-lumen catheter was the Mammo Site Radiation Therapy System (Proxima Therapeutics, Alpharetta, GA) that is currently used for local breast brachytherapy. Treatment planning and dosimetric analyses for all four techniques were done with HDR PLATO Brachytherapy (v14.2.3) Software (Nucletron Corporation). Results: The average dose gradient within the target (uterine wall) is highest with the tandem methods, followed by Heyman capsules. The intrauterine balloon method showed the least dose gradient across the uterine wall. The corresponding average homogeneity indices were 3.81, 3.83, 2.97, 2.50 for single tandem, double tandem, Heyman capsules, and intrauterine balloon respectively. Conclusions: The intra-uterine inflatable balloon appears to have the best overall dosimetric advantages for the treatment of the uterine wall. Furthermore, the potential ease of use, shorter time of applicator placement, and better patient comfort warrant further investigation and subsequent clinical implementation.

关键词： Intracavitary Balloon Brachytherapy High-Dose-Rate Endometrial Cancer

Multifocal Chest Wall Hamartoma: A Rare Congenital Anomaly

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Open Journal of Radiology 2017年第4期7卷 292-297页

作者： abhilasha Jain Sharad Jain Jayesh Patel Anil Vasoya Swati Gaba Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging B.J. Medical College Civil Hospital Ahmedabad India Department of Cardiology U.N. Mehta Heart Institute Ahmedabad India

Chest wall hamartoma is a very rare tumour with benign course and distinct clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics. The lesion develops during foetal life and is present at or shortly after birth. It should be kept in differential diagnosis of complex chest wall masses diagnosed during antenatal ultrasound. CT thorax is useful for appreciation of detailed anatomy, characterization of the congenital abnormality and for surgical planning. Histopathology is used for the confirmation. Accurate diagnosis of mesenchymal hamartoma is important since many chest wall masses in children are malignant. We report a rare case of multifocal chest wall hamartoma in an infant who presented with multiple bilateral complex chest wall masses in which characteristic radiological and histopathological features led to the diagnosis of hamartoma, which was successfully treated with surgery.

关键词： Congenital Hamartoma Radiology Surgery Neoplasms