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Effects of chemical reactions on MHD micropolar fluid flow past a vertical plate in slip-flow regime

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2008年第9期29卷 1179-1194页

作者： R.C.Chaudhary abhay k.mar jha Department of Mathematics University of Rajasthan

Heat and mass transfer effects on the unsteady flow of a micropolar fluid through a porous medium bounded by a semi-infinite vertical plate in a slip-flow regime are studied tak.ng into account a homogeneous chemical reaction of the first order. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicular to the porous surface absorb micropolar fluid with a suction velocity varying with time. The free stream velocity follows an exponentially increasing or decreasing small perturbation law. Using the approximate method, the expressions for the velocity microrotation, temperature, and concentration are obtained. Futher, the results of the sk.n friction coefficient, the couple stress coefficient, and the rate of heat and mass transfer at the wall are presented with various values of fluid properties and flow conditions.

关键词： micropolar fluid microrotation chemical reaction slip-flow magnetohy-drodynamics heat and mass transfer

Finite Element Convergence for State-Based Peridynamic Fracture Models

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第1期2卷 93-128页

作者： Prashant k.jha Robert Lipton Department of Mathematics Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA

We establish the a priori convergence rate for finite element approximations of a class of nonlocal nonlinear fracture *** consider state-based peridynamic models where the force at a material point is due to both the strain between two points and the change in volume inside the domain of the nonlocal *** pairwise interactions between points are mediated by a bond potential of multi-well type while multi-point interactions are associated with the volume change mediated by a hydrostatic strain *** hydrostatic potential can either be a quadratic function,delivering a linear force–strain relation,or a multi-well type that can be associated with the material degradation and *** first show the well-posedness of the peridynamic formulation and that peridynamic evolutions exist in the Sobolev space *** show that the finite element approximations converge to the H2 solutions uniformly as measured in the mean square *** linear continuous fi nite elements,the convergence rate is shown to be Ct Δt+Csh2/ε2,where𝜖is the size of the horizon,his the mesh size,and Δt is the size of the time *** constants Ct and Cs are independent of Δt and h and may depend on ε through the norm of the exact *** demonstrate the stability of the semi-discrete *** stability of the fully discrete approximation is shown for the linearized peridynamic *** present numerical simulations with the dynamic crack.propagation that support the theoretical convergence rate.

关键词： Nonlocal fracture models Peridynamic State-based peridynamic Numerical analysis Finite element approximation

Neurological manifestations of hepatitis E virus infection:An overview

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第18期27卷 2090-2104页

作者： Ashish k.mar jha Gaurav k.mar Vishwa Mohan Dayal abhay Ranjan Arya Suchismita Department of Gastroenterology Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 800014India Department of Neurology Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 800014India Department of Pediatric Hepatology Institute of Liver and Biliary SciencesBasant Kunj 110070New DelhiIndia

Hepatitis E virus(HEV)is an important cause of repeated waterborne outbreak. of acute ***,several extrahepatic manifestations(EHMs)have been described in patients with HEV *** these,neurological disorders are the most common EHM associated with *** involvement of both the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system can occur together or in *** can present with normal liver function tests,which can often be misleading for *** is a paucity of data on HEV-related neurological manifestations;and these data are mostly described as case reports and case *** this review,we analyzed data of 163 reported cases of HEV-related neurological *** mechanisms of pathogenesis,clinico-demographic profile,and outcomes of the HEV-related neurological disorders are described in this *** root and plexus disorder were found to be the most commonly reported disease,followed by meningoencephalitis.

关键词： Hepatitis E virus Acute hepatitis E Extrahepatic manifestations Neurological manifestations Neuralgic amyotrophy Guillain-Barrésyndrome

Wound healing effect of flavonoid rich fraction and luteolin isolated from Martynia annua Linn,on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第4期6卷 253-259页

作者： Santram Lodhi abhay k.Singhai Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Dr.H.S.Gour University

Objective:To evaluate wound healing potential of flavonoid fractions of Martynia annua (***) Linn,leaves in diabetic rats on the basis of folk.oric information and preliminary ***:The flavonoid compound luteolin and apigenin were isolated from dried leaves of plant by column *** two concenlrations(0.2%and 0.5%w/w) of luteolin and flavonoid fraction were selected for topically applied as ointment on diabetic wound. The Povidone Iodine Ointment USP was used as a *** 18th days,protein content, hydroxyproline and antioxidants(SOD,CAT and GSH) level in granuloma tissues were determined. Results:The results showed that,percent wound contraction were observed significantly(P<0.01) greater in MAF fraction and 0.5%w/w of luteolin treatment *** of matured collagen fibres and fibroblasts with better angiogenesis were observed in histopathological studies. Conclusions:In conclusion,our findings suggest that flavonoid fraction(MAF) and luteolin(0.5% w/w) may have potential benefit in enhancing wound healing in diabetic condition,possibly due to Gee-radical scavenging activity of plant.

关键词： Martynia annua Wound healing Flavonoids Antioxidant Povidone iodine ointment Streptozotocin

Sulfide oxidation in fluidized bed bioreactor using nylon support material

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第3期24卷 512-519页

作者： Varsha Midha M k.jha Apurba Dey Department of Chemical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyJalandhar 144011India Department of Biotechnology National Institute of Technology DurgapurIndia

A continuous fluidized bed bioreactor （FBBR） with nylon support particles was used to treat synthetic sulfide wastewater at different hydraulic retention time of 25, 50 and 75 min and upflow velocity of 14, 17 and 20 m/hr. The effects of upflow velocity, hydraulic retention time and reactor operation time on sulfide oxidation rate were studied using statistical model. Mixed culture obtained from the activated sludge, tak.n from tannery effluent treatment plant, was used as a source for microorganisms. The diameter and density of the nylon particles were 2-3 mm and 1140 k./m3, respectively. Experiments were carried out in the reactor at a temperature of （30 ± 2）°C, at a fixed bed height of 16 cm after the formation of biofilm on the surface of support particles. Biofilm thick.ess reached （42 ± 3） μm after 15 days from reactor start-up. The sulfide oxidation, sulfate and sulfur formation is examined at all hydraulic retention times and upflow velocities. The results indicated that almost 90%-92% sulfide oxidation was achieved at all hydraulic retention times. Statistical model could explain 94% of the variability and analysis of variance showed that upflow velocity and hydraulic retention time slightly affected the sulfide oxidation rate. The highest sulfide oxidation of 92% with 70% sulfur was obtained at hydraulic retention time of 75 min and upflow velocity of 14 m/hr.

关键词： biofilm fluidized bed bioreactor mixed culture sulfide oxidation

Sleep alterations in mammals:Did aquatic conditions inhibit rapid eye movement sleep?

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2012年第6期28卷 746-758页

作者： Vibha Madan Sushil k.jha School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi-110067India

Sleep has been studied widely in mammals and to some extent in other vertebrates. Higher vertebrates such as birds and mammals have evolved an inimitable rapid eye movement （REM） sleep state. During REM sleep, postural muscles become atonic and the temperature regulating machinery remains suspended. Although REM sleep is present in almost all the terrestrial mammals, the aquatic mammals have either radically reduced or completely eliminated REM sleep. Further, we found a significant negative correlation between REM sleep and the adaptation of the organism to live on land or in water. The amount of REM sleep is highest in terrestrial mammals, significantly reduced in semi-aquatic mammals and completely absent or negligible in aquatic mammals. The aquatic mammals are obligate swimmers and have to sur- face at regular intervals for air. Also, these animals live in thermally challenging environments, where the conductive heat loss is approximately -90 times greater than air. Therefore, they have to be moving most of the time. As an adaptation, they have evolved unihemispheric sleep, during which they can rove as well as rest. A condition that immobilizes muscle activity and suspends the thermoregulatory machinery, as happens during REM sleep, is not suitable for these animals. It is possible that, in accord with Darwin＇s theory, aquatic mammals might have abolished REM sleep with time. In this review, we discuss the possibility of the intrinsic role of aquatic conditions in the elimination of REM sleep in the aquatic mammals.

关键词： aquatic mammals aquatic adaptation mammalian sleep phylogenetic evolution

Locus Coeruleus Acid-Sensing Ion Channels Modulate Sleep–Wak.fulness and State Transition from NREM to REM Sleep in the Rat

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第5期37卷 684-700页

作者： Fayaz A.Mir Sushil k.jha School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067India

The locus coeruleus(LC) is one of the essential chemoregulatory and sleep–wak.(S–W) modulating centers in the brain. LC neurons remain highly active during wak.fulness, and some implicitly become silent during rapid eye movement(REM) sleep. LC neurons are also involved in CO_2-dependent modulation of the respiratory drive. Acid-sensing ion channels(ASICs) are highly expressed in some brainstem chemosensory breathing regulatory areas, but their localization and functions in the LC remain unk.own. Mild hypercapnia increases the amount of non-REM(NREM) sleep and the number of REM sleep episodes, but whether ASICs in the LC modulate S–W is unclear. Here, we investigated the presence of ASICs in the LC and their role in S–W modulation and the state transition from NREM to REM sleep. Male Wistar rats were surgically prepared for chronic polysomnographic recordings and drug microinjections into the LC. The presence of ASIC-2 and ASIC-3 in the LC was immunohistochemically *** of amiloride(an ASIC block.r) and APETx2(a block.r of ASIC-2 and-3) into the LC significantly decreased wak.fulness and REM sleep, but significantly increased NREM sleep. Mild hypercapnia increased the amount of NREM and the number of REM episodes. However, APETx2 microinjection inhibited this increase in REM frequency. These results suggest that the ASICs of LC neurons modulate S–W, indicating that ASICs could play an important role in vigilance-state transition. A mild increase in CO_2 level during NREM sleep sensed by ASICs could be one of the determinants of state transition from NREM to REM sleep.

关键词： Acid-sensing ion channels Carbon dioxide Hypercapnia NREM sleep REM sleep

Unsteady natural convection Couette flow of heat generating/absorbing fluid between vertical parallel plates filled with porous material

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2012年第3期33卷 303-314页

作者： B.k.jha M.k.MUSA Department of Mathematics Ahmadu Bello UniversityZaria 234Nigeria Mathematics Unit School of Basic and Remedial StudiesAhmadu Bello UniversityFuntua 6007Nigeria

The extended Brink.an Darcy model for momentum equations and an energy equation is used to calculate the unsteady natural convection Couette flow of a viscous incompressible heat generating/absorbing fluid in a vertical channel （formed by two infinite vertical and parallel plates） filled with the fluid-saturated porous medium. The flow is triggered by the asymmetric heating and the accelerated motion of one of the bounding plates. The governing equations are simplified by the reasonable dimensionless parameters and solved analytically by the Laplace transform techniques to obtain the closed form solutions of the velocity and temperature profiles. Then, the sk.n friction and the rate of heat transfer are consequently derived. It is noticed that, at different sections within the vertical channel, the fluid flow and the temperature profiles increase with time, which are both higher near the moving plate. In particular, increasing the gap between the plates increases the velocity and the temperature of the fluid, however, reduces the sk.n friction and the rate of heat transfer.

关键词： heat generating/absorbing fluid natural convection flow porous material acceleration motion

Role of baicalin as a potential therapeutic agent in hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders:A review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第26期28卷 3047-3062页

作者： Risha Ganguly Ashutosh Gupta abhay k.Pandey Department of Biochemistry University of AllahabadAllahabad(Prayagraj)211002Uttar PradeshIndia

Baicalin is a natural bioactive compound derived from Scutellaria baicalensis,which is extensively used in traditional Chinese medicine.A literature survey demonstrated the broad spectrum of health benefits of baicalin such as antioxidant,anticancer,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial,cardio-protective,hepatoprotective,renal protective,and neuroprotective *** is hydrolyzed to its metabolite baicalein by the action of gut microbiota,which is further reconverted to baicalin via phase 2 metabolism in the *** studies have suggested that baicalin exhibits therapeutic potential against several types of hepatic disorders including hepatic fibrosis,xenobiotic-induced liver injury,fatty liver disease,viral hepatitis,cholestasis,ulcerative colitis,hepatocellular and colorectal *** in vitro and in vivo examinations,it has been observed that baicalin showed a protective role against liver and gut-associated abnormalities by modifying several signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-k.ppa B,transforming growth factor beta 1/SMAD3,sirtuin 1,p38/mitogen-activated protein k.nase/Janus k.nase,and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein k.nase k.naseβ/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein k.nase/acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase ***,baicalin also regulates the expression of fibrotic genes such as smooth muscle actin,connective tissue growth factor,β-catenin,and inflammatory cytok.nes such as interferon gamma,interleuk.n-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha,and IL-1β,and attenuates the production of apoptotic proteins such as caspase-3,caspase-9 and B-cell lymphoma ***,due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability,widespread therapeutic applications of baicalin still remain a *** review summarized the hepatic and gastrointestinal protective attributes of baicalin with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the interaction of baicalin with the gut microbiota.

关键词： Baicalin Biotransformation Gut microbiota Hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal disorders Signaling pathways