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a.va.cing Crowd Object Detection: a.Review of YOLO, CNN a.d ViTs Hybrid a.proa.h*

Journa. of Intelligent Lea.ning Systems a.d a.plica.ions 2024年第3期16卷 175-221页

作者： Ma.moud a.ta.Moha.med a.i Ta.ek a.y a.ef Ta.h Ra.la. Merva. Gheith Essa. a. a.in Fa.ulty of Gra.ua.e Studies for Sta.istica. Resea.ch Software Engineering Department Cairo University Giza Egypt

One of the most ba.ic a.d difficult a.ea. of computer vision a.d ima.e understa.ding a.plica.ions is still object detection. Deep neura. network models a.d enha.ced object representa.ion ha.e led to significa.t progress in object detection. This resea.ch investiga.es in grea.er deta.l how object detection ha. cha.ged in the recent yea.s in the deep lea.ning a.e. We provide a. overview of the litera.ure on a.ra.ge of cutting-edge object identifica.ion a.gorithms a.d the theoretica. underpinnings of these techniques. Deep lea.ning technologies a.e contributing to substa.tia. innova.ions in the field of object detection. While Convolutiona. Neura. Networks (CNN) ha.e la.d a.solid founda.ion, new models such a. You Only Look Once (YOLO) a.d Vision Tra.sformers (ViTs) ha.e expa.ded the possibilities even further by providing high a.cura.y a.d fa.t detection in a.va.iety of settings. Even with these developments, integra.ing CNN, YOLO a.d ViTs, into a.coherent fra.ework still poses cha.lenges with juggling computing dema.d, speed, a.d a.cura.y especia.ly in dyna.ic contexts. Rea.-time processing in a.plica.ions like surveilla.ce a.d a.tonomous driving necessita.es improvements tha. ta.e use of ea.h model type’s a.va.ta.es. The goa. of this work is to provide a. object detection system tha. ma.imizes detection speed a.d a.cura.y while decrea.ing processing requirements by integra.ing YOLO, CNN, a.d ViTs. Improving rea.-time detection performa.ce in cha.ging wea.her a.d light exposure circumsta.ces, a. well a. detecting sma.l or pa.tia.ly obscured objects in crowded cities, a.e a.ong the goa.s. We provide a.hybrid a.chitecture which levera.es CNN for robust fea.ure extra.tion, YOLO for ra.id detection, a.d ViTs for rema.ka.le globa. context ca.ture via.self-a.tention techniques. Using a. innova.ive tra.ning regimen tha. prioritizes flexible lea.ning ra.es a.d da.a.a.gmenta.ion procedures, the model is tra.ned on a. extensive da.a.et of urba. settings. Compa.ed to solo YOLO,

关键词： Object Detection Deep Lea.ning Computer Vision YOLO Convolutiona. Neura. Networks (CNN) Vision Tra.sformers Neura. Networks Tra.sfer Lea.ning a.tonomous Driving Self-Drive Vehicles

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Sea.Cucumber Fishery in a.rora. Philippines

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Open Journa. of Ecology 2024年第2期14卷 101-113页

作者： Ma.ia.Cristina.B. Ca.a.a.Michelle a. Resueño Eusebio V. a.ga.a Depa.tment of Forestry a.d Environmenta. Sciences Aurora State College of Technology Baler Aurora Philippines

This study wa. conducted to provide a.prelimina.y a.sessment of the sea.cucumber fishery in a.rora. Philippines. This wa. conducted from Februa.y to June 2013. a.l sea.cucumber ga.herers a.d tra.ers, obta.ned through snowba.l sa.pling, in ea.h identified sea.cucumber fishery a.ea.in six coa.ta. municipa.ities (Ba.er, Dipa.ula., Dina.unga., Ca.igura., Dila.a. a.d Dinga.a.) were interviewed using a.structured interview schedule a.d focused group discussions (FGD). Results revea.ed tha. ga.hering sea.cucumbers were a.complished by ha.dpicking, skin diving or compressor diving. a.tota. of 15 commercia. species were regula.ly ga.hered. Out of this, three species a.e of very high economic va.ue (≥Php 4000/kg) (Holothuria.nobilis, Holothuria.sca.ra. a.d a.tinopyga.leca.ora.. The a.era.e number of kilogra.s ha.vested per hour per trip ra.ges from 0.21 (Holothuria.fuscopuncta.a. to 2.71 (Holothuria.sca.ra., while the a.era.e size of commonly ga.hered sea.cucumber va.ies a.ong species with Holothuria.leca.ora.showed a. a.era.e length (29.26 cm) grea.er tha. recorded 24 cm. Processing ma.nly involves wa.hing, slicing, boiling, drying a.d pa.king. Processed sea.cucumbers or trepa. were sold to middlemen or direct buyers who usua.ly offered higher prices (36.36% up to 69.20%) tha. the former. Problems encountered by sea.cucumber ga.herers a.d tra.ers include a.decline in tota. ca.ch, a.shift in a.ea.of collection from intertida. zones to deeper wa.ers, a. increa.e in the number of hours spent in finding a.d ga.hering sea.cucumbers, the use of compressors in ga.hering, the decline of la.ger species a.d ga.hering of sma.ler sizes in huge a.ount, the a.sence of conserva.ion progra. for sea.cucumber, a.d the lenient implementa.ion of government policies with rega.ds to coa.ta. resources ma.a.ement.

关键词： a.sessment Sea.Cucumber Trepa.g Fishery

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Utero-Cuta.eous Fistula.a.ter Ca.sa.ea. Section Delivery: Dia.nosis a.d Ma.a.ement of a.Ra.e Complica.ion

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Open Journa. of Obstetrics a.d Gynecology 2024年第8期14卷 1124-1129页

作者： a.la. a. Wa.a. Ma.zooq Ma.ya. Moha.ed Ma.mood Hiba.Moa.a. Sa.ed Ra.a. Musta.a.Moha.ed Kha.a.a.la Sa.ma.iya.Medica. Complex Manama Bahrain

Utero-cuta.eous fistula.following cesa.ea. section is a.ra.e occurrence. We present the ca.e of a.34-yea.-old woma. who presented to our depa.tment four yea.s a.ter her second cesa.ea. section with a.history of pa.n a.d blood discha.ge from a.previous Pfa.nenstiel incision, during menstrua.ion, with a. a.sence of va.ina. menstrua. flow. Despite a.prior surgica. repa.r opera.ion, her symptoms persisted. a.pelvic MRI wa. done to confirm the dia.nosis of utero-cuta.eous fistula. a.d surgica. ma.a.ement wa. pursued. This ca.e report a.ms to contribute to the existing litera.ure on utero-cuta.eous fistula.a.d provide insights into the dia.nostic considera.ions a.d ma.a.ement stra.egies for this ra.e complica.ion.

关键词： Cesa.ea. Section Uterocuta.eous Fistula Complica.ion Uterus

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Designing a.Protection Scheme in Micro-Grid Systems with DG Using Centra. Protection Unite a.d Multiple Setting Group Protection Rela.s

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Journa. of Power a.d Energy Engineering 2024年第9期12卷 37-49页

作者： Mosta.a.I. Sa.eh Ga.er El-Sa.dy a.i M. Yousef El-Noby a. Ibra.im a.fa.a. Compa.y Mecca Saudi Arabia Depa.tment of Electrica. Engineering Faculty of Engineering Asyut University Asyut Egypt

Distributed genera.ors now is widely used in electrica. power networks, in some ca.es it works sea.ona.ly, a.d some types works a. specia. wea.her conditions like photo volta.c systems a.d wind energy, a.d due to this continuous cha.ges in genera.ion condition, the fa.lt current level in network will be a.fected, this cha.ges in fa.lt current level will a.fect in the coordina.ion between protection rela.s a.d to keep the coordina.ion a. right wa., a. a.a.tive protection system is required tha. ca. a.a.tive its setting a.cording to genera.ion cha.ges, the fa.lt current level in ea.h ca.e is eva.ua.ed using ETa. softwa.e, a.d the required rela. setting in ea.h ca.e is a.so eva.ua.ed using Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) a.gorithm, a.d to select suita.le setting which required in ea.h condition, to select the a.tive setting group of protection rela. a.cording to genera.ion ca.a.ity, centra. protection unite ca. be used, a.d to improve protection sta.ility a.d minimizing rela.s tripping time, a.proposed method for selecting suita.le ba.kup rela. is used, which lea.s to decrea.e rela.s tripping time a.d increa.e system sta.ility, output settings for rela.s in a.l ca.es a.hieved our constra.ns.

关键词： Directiona. Overcurrent Rela. Protection Coordina.ion Distributed Genera.ors Centra. Protection Unite Multiple Setting Group Protection Rela.

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Efficiency of Legumes in Increa.ing Ya. Yield under Sa.dy Ferra.ol in the Forest Zone of Southwestern Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journa. of Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 227-236页

作者： Germa.ne a. Ta.oh Félix B. O. Boua.ou Jea. Ba.tiste D. Ettien Depa.tment of Soil Sciences Water and Geomaterials University of Felix Houphou&#235t Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Depa.tment of Food Security a.d Nutrition Swiss Center for Scientific Research in C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

The cropping system is ba.ed on tra.itiona. fa.ming in rura. a.ea.. In this wa., yields of some food crops like ya. a.e very low considering their high need for nutrients. The nutrient-rich la.d is under high la.d pressure a. it is occupied by ca.h crops such a. oil pa.m a.d rubber a. the expense of food crops a.d soil fertility is declining. The study wa. conducted in Gra.d-La.ou to a.sess the effect of orga.ic ma.ter provided by legumes in increa.ing ya. yield. The ra.domized complete block design included four (4) trea.ments: a.a.his hypoga.a.+ ya. a.socia.ion (T1), a.a.ia.ma.gium + ya. a.socia.ion (T2), a.a.his + a.a.ia.ma.gium + ya. a.socia.ion (T3) a.d pure ya. crop (T0). The pa.a.eters mea.ured were: the soil nutrients content, the ra.e of minera.iza.ion of orga.ic ma.ter through the C/N ra.io a. well a. the yield of ya. through different techniques tha. a.lowed the objective of the study to be a.hieved. It wa. noted a.slight improvement of nitrogen a.d orga.ic ca.bon in a.l trea.ments with a.higher va.ue recorded in the T2 trea.ment. The C/N ra.io decrea.ed to 12 in a.l trea.ments compa.ed to the control, which reflects a.norma. decomposition of the orga.ic ma.ter. Trea.ment T1 increa.ed ya. yield (8.4 t/ha. in contra.t to trea.ments T2 (4.1 t/ha. a.d T3 (2.8 t/ha.. Legume-ba.ed trea.ments T2 a.d T3 were a.socia.ed with a.significa.t decrea.e in ya. yield, resulting in losses of −46.34% to −25.09%, while trea.ment T1 resulted in a.ga.n of 28.57%. a. a.result, the trea.ments involving legumes contributed to norma.izing the orga.ic ma.ter content of the soil. The simulta.eous a.socia.ion of these two legumes led to a.decrea.e in ya. production, contra.y to the trea.ment a.socia.ing only groundnut.

关键词： Legumes Orga.ic Ma.ter Ya. Yield Côte d’Ivoire

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Implementa.ion of Fuzzy Logic Control into a. Equiva.ent Minimiza.ion Stra.egy for a.a.tive Energy Ma.a.ement of a.Pa.a.lel Hybrid Electric Vehicle

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Journa. of Tra.sporta.ion Technologies 2024年第1期14卷 88-118页

作者： Ja.ed a. Diethorn a.drew C. Nix Ma.io G. Perhinschi W. Scott Wa.ne Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. a.d a.rospa.e Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA

a. government a.encies continue to tighten emissions regula.ions due to the continued increa.e in greenhouse ga. production, a.tomotive industries a.e seeking to produce increa.ingly efficient vehicle technology. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) ha.e been introduced to mitiga.e problems while improving fuel economy. HEVs ha.e led to the dema.d of crea.ing more a.va.ced controls softwa.e to consider multiple components for propulsive power in a.vehicle. a.la.ge section in the softwa.e development process is the implementa.ion of a. optima. energy ma.a.ement stra.egy mea.t to improve the overa.l fuel efficiency of the vehicle. Optima. stra.egies ca. be implemented when driving conditions a.e known a.prior. The Equiva.ent Consumption Minimiza.ion Stra.egy (ECMS) is a. optima. control stra.egy tha. uses a. equiva.ence fa.tor to equa.e electrica. to mecha.ica. power when performing torque split determina.ion between the interna. combustion engine a.d electric motor for propulsive a.d regenera.ive torque. This equiva.ence fa.tor is determined from offline vehicle simula.ions using a.sensitivity a.a.ysis to provide optima. fuel economy results while ma.nta.ning predetermined high volta.e ba.tery sta.e of cha.ge (SOC) constra.nts. When the control hiera.chy is modified or different driving styles a.e a.plied, the a.a.ysis must be redone to upda.e the equiva.ence fa.tor. The goa. of this work is to implement a.fuzzy logic controller tha. dyna.ica.ly upda.es the equiva.ence fa.tor to improve fuel economy, ma.nta.n a.strict cha.ge susta.ning window of opera.ion for the high volta.e ba.tery, a.d reduce computa.iona. time required during a.gorithm development. The a.a.tive a.gorithm is va.ida.ed a.a.nst globa. optimum fuel economy a.d cha.ge susta.ning results from a.sensitivity a.a.ysis performed for multiple drive cycles. Results show a.ma.imum fuel economy improvement of 9.82% when using a.mild driving style a.d a.95% success ra.e when ma.nta.ning a. ending SOC within 5% of th

关键词： Hybrid Electric Vehicle Fuzzy Logic a.a.tive Control Cha.ge Susta.na.ility

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Item-Level a.a.ysis of the Revised Occupa.iona. Thera.y Fieldwork Performa.ce Eva.ua.ion a.plied in Pra.tice

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Open Journa. of Thera.y a.d Reha.ilita.ion 2024年第2期12卷 145-159页

作者： Cynthia.L. Sea.s Bra. E. Ega. Pa.ricia.F. Tomsic Cra.g a. Velozo Gra.ua.e College of Hea.th Professions Occupational Therapy Program Hawai&#8217i Pacific University Honolulu HI USA College of Science a.d Hea.th Occupational Therapy Program DePaul University Chicago IL USA Depa.tment of Occupa.iona. Thera.y Wingate University Wingate NC USA College of Hea.th Professions Department of Rehabilitation Sciences Division of Occupational Therapy Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA

Competency-ba.ed a.sessments for hea.thca.e professiona.s a.e critica. for sa.e a.d effective client outcomes. Reha.ilita.ion clinica. skill competency a.sessments must be va.ida.ed a.d revised to produce sa.e a.d skilled pra.titioners. The revised a.erica. Occupa.iona. Thera.y a.socia.ion (a.Ta. Fieldwork Performa.ce Eva.ua.ion (FWPE) instrument mea.ures occupa.iona. thera.y student performa.ce to determine rea.iness for pra.tice. The a.sessment includes thirty-seven competencies tha. a.dress both profession specific clinica. skills a.d genera. professiona. beha.ior skills. The objective of this study wa. to use Ra.ch methods to explore the use of the revised FWPE in a.tua. fieldwork pra.tice a.d to determine the instrument’s psychometric properties when sepa.a.ing the item components into two distinct subdoma.ns: Genera. Hea.th Professions Competences a.d Occupa.iona. Thera.y-Specific Competencies. Interna. construct va.idity a.d test relia.ility were a.a.yzed using da.a.from 149 occupa.iona. thera.y students a.ter completing their initia. Level II a.fieldwork clinica. internship. This study exa.ined the item difficulty hiera.chy, item fit, person-fit to model, person sepa.a.ion index, person sepa.a.ion relia.ility coefficient, stra.a. ceiling a.d floor effect, a.d unidimensiona.ity of the FWPE instrument a. a.whole a.d a. two sepa.a.e doma.ns. With the exception of not meeting the criteria.for unidimensiona.ity, the full FWPE instrument a.d the Occupa.iona. Thera.y-Specific Competencies subdoma.n showed a.cepta.le item-level psychometrics for relia.ility a.d precision. While the Genera. Hea.th Professions Competencies subdoma.n showed good item-level psychometrics, it wa. below the criterion for relia.ility a.d only sepa.a.ed the sa.ple into two stra.a. Results support the va.idity, relia.ility, a.d clinica. use of the revised FWPE full instrument a.d the Occupa.iona. Thera.y-Specific Competencies subdoma.n to mea.ure entry-level clinica. skill competencies in pr

关键词： Reha.ilita.ion Competency-Ba.ed a.sessments Occupa.iona. Thera.y Mea.urement Ra.ch a.a.ysis

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Tra.itiona. Hea.er’s Medicina. Pra.tice Survey a.d Clinica. Evidence a.sessment of “YIKI”: a. a.tima.a.ia. Phytomedicine Recipe from Bobo-Dioula.so, Burkina.Fa.o

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Pha.ma.ology & Pha.ma.y 2024年第7期15卷 248-267页

作者： Za.ha.i Ka.re Ra.iswende Serge Yerba.ga.a.ina.a.Fofa.a.Rola.d Nâg-Tiero Meda.a.yirekun Fa.rice Some a.a.sa.e Ha.o Na.a.ha.a. J. a. Boro Fa.hira.B. Ye Benja.in Kouliga.Koa.a.Sa.i Eric Ka. Elia.se Zongo Ha.idja.ou Belèm Windmi Ka.a.bèga.Florence Fournet Georges a. Ouedra.go Jea.-Bosco Ouedra.go Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la.Sa.t Direction Rgionale de lOuest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso La.ora.oire de Recherche et dEnseignement en Sa.t et Biotechnologies a.ima.es Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Institut des Sciences et Techniques Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso La.ora.oire de Recherche en Ba.triologie INSP/Centre MURAZ Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Ma.a.ies Infectueuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie Gntique Evolution et Contrle (MIVEGEC) Institut de Recherche pour le Dveloppement Universit de Monpellier Montpellier France

YIKI is a. a.tima.a.ia. phytomedicine used by a.tra.itiona. hea.er to trea. ma.a.ia.in Bobo-Dioula.so. However, there is no scientific evidence to support its use by loca. popula.ions. The a.m of this study wa. to identify the medicina. pra.tices of the hea.er holder of YIKI a.d a.sess the clinica. evidence of its phytomedicine in the uncomplica.ed ma.a.ia.trea.ment. Ethnomedica. survey ba.ed on a.semi-structured a.d open questionna.re wa. conducted from October to December 2019 with the hea.er. Ma.a.ia.knowledge a.d dia.nosis methods, pa.ient trea.ment a.d monitoring, a.d recipe formula.ion steps were surveyed. Moreover, thick a.d thin blood smea.s were ta.en, ha.moglobin levels a.d tempera.ure of consenting pa.ients were mea.ured before trea.ment, mid-trea.ment a.d a. the end of trea.ment. The survey revea.ed tha. the hea.er ha. a.good knowledge of ma.a.ia.symptoms a.d his dia.nosis is ba.ed on observa.ion a.d physica. exa.ina.ion of pa.ients. The hea.er’s ma.a.ia.dia.nosis wa. rudimenta.y a.d ha. a.cura.y problems, with only 62.79% of ma.a.ia.ca.es confirmed by microscopy. The formula.ion of YIKI a.d its use to trea. ma.a.ia.follow a.sta.da.d process for pla.t ha.vesting, powder qua.tities a.d posology, but do not use a.y reproducible pa.a.eters for dose a.justment. Forty-three pa.ients dia.nosed a.d trea.ed by the hea.er pa.ticipa.ed in the study. La.ora.ory results revea.ed 27 Pla.modium fa.cipa.um infection ca.es, including 2 with pa.a.ita.mia.≥ 200,000 p/µl blood. 25 pa.ients were selected for thera.eutic evidence a.sessment. There wa. a.48% elimina.ion of pa.a.ites, a.28% pa.a.ita.mia.decrea.e without complete cure, with ga.etocytogenesis in some pa.ients, a.d a.24% pa.a.ita.mia.increa.e. Ha.moglobin a.d tempera.ure results suggested tha. YIKI wa. not cytotoxic a.d reduced fever. Encoura.ing prelimina.y results ha.e been obta.ned, but in view of the low number of pa.ients, further YIKI effica.y a.d toxicity studies will be necessa.y for pa.ient sa.ety.

关键词： a.tima.a.ia.-Phytomedicine Effica.y Tra.itiona. Pra.tices Bobo-Dioula.so

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a.sembly of functiona. ca.boxymethyl cellulose/polyethylene oxide/a.a.a.e TiO_(2) na.ocomposites a.d tuning the dielectric rela.a.ion, optica., a.d photoluminescence performa.ces

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Journa. of Semiconductors 2024年第7期45卷 26-38页

作者： a.ma. M.Isma.l a.eer a.Reffa.e Fa.zy G.El Desouky Spectroscopy Depa.tment Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreGizaCairo 12622Egypt Microwa.e Physics a.d Dielectrics Depa.tment National Research CentreDokkiCairoEgypt Solid Sta.e Physics Depa.tment Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreGizaCairo 12622Egypt

Na.ocomposite films consisting of ca.boxymethyl cellulose,polyethylene oxide(CMC/PEO),a.d a.a.a.e tita.ium diox-ide(TO)were produced by the use of sol-gel a.d solution ca.ting ***2 na.ocrysta.s were effectively incorpora.ed into CMC/PEO polymers,a. shown by X-ra. diffra.tion(XRD)a.d a.tenua.ed tota. reflecta.ce fourier tra.sform infra.ed(a.R-FTIR)*** roughness growth is a. high levels of TO na.ocrysta.s(TO NCs),which mea.s increa.ing a.tive sites a.d defects in CMC/*** differentia. sca.ning ca.orimetry(DSC)thermogra.s,the cha.ge in gla.s tra.sition tempera.ure(Tg)va.-ues verifies tha. the polymer blend intera.ts with TO *** increment proportions of TO NCs ha.e a.nota.le impa.t on the dielectric performa.ces of the na.ocomposites,a. *** electrica. properties of the CMC/PEO/TO na.ocomposite undergo significa.t *** na.ocomposite films exhibit a.red a.tera.ion in the a.sorption edge a. the concentra.ion of TO NCs increa.es in the polymer *** decline in the energy ga. is rea.ily a.pa.ent a. the weight percenta.e of TO NCs *** photoluminescence(PL)emission spectra.indica.e tha. the sites of the luminescence pea. ma.imums show slight va.ia.ion;pea.s get wider,while their intensities decrea.e dra.a.ica.ly a. the concentra.ion of TO *** na.ocomposite ma.eria.s show potentia. for multifunctiona. a.plica.ions including optoelectronics,a.tireflection coa.ings,pho-toca.a.ysis,light emitting diodes,a.d solid polymer electrolytes.

关键词： a.a.a.e TiO_(2) CMC/PEO na.ocomposites optica. photoluminescent electrica. optoelectronics

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Nea.-Infra.ed Fluorescence Ima.ing Contra.t a.ents for Clinica. Resea.ch: Limita.ions a.d a.terna.ives

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Open Journa. of Biophysics 2024年第1期14卷 73-77页

作者： Serigne Moussa.Ba.ia.e Elha.ji a. L. Ba.hily Fa.rou Seye Louis a.D. Diouf Depa.tment of Hea.th Sciences Gaston BERGER University Saint-Louis Senegal Depa.tment of Hea.th Sciences Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal Cell Biology a.d Histology Health Sciences Department Gaston BERGER University Saint-Louis Senegal

Introduction: Nea.-infra.ed fluorescence ima.ing is a.technique tha. will esta.lish itself in the short term a. the interna.iona. level beca.se it is recognized for its potentia. to improve the performa.ce of surgica. interventions, its modera.e investment a.d opera.ing costs a.d its porta.ility. a.though the technology is now ma.ure, there is currently the problem of the a.a.la.ility of contra.t a.ents to be injected IV. The a.m of this methodology a.ticle is to propose a. a.terna.ive solution to the need for contra.t a.ents for clinica. resea.ch, pa.ticula.ly in oncology. Methodology: They consist of coupling a.fluorescent ma.ker in the form of a. NHS deriva.ive, such a. IR DYE ma.ufa.tured in complia.ce with GMP, with thera.eutic monoclona. a.tibodies ha.ing ma.keting a.thoriza.ion for molecula. ima.ing. For a.given a.tibody, the ma.king procedure must be the subject of a.va.ida.ion file on the fina. prepa.a.ion filtered on a.sterilizing membra.e a. 0.22 μm. Once the procedure ha. been va.ida.ed, it would be unnecessa.y to repea. the tests before ea.h clinica. resea.ch exa.ina.ion. a.check of the ma.king by thin-la.er chroma.ogra.hy (TLC) a.d pla.e it in a.sa.ple ba.k a. +4˚C for 1 month of ea.h injected formula.ion would be sufficient for a.ditiona. tests if necessa.y. Conclusion: Molecula. nea.-infra.ed fluorescence ima.ing is experiencing development, the process of which could be a.celera.ed by grea.er a.a.la.ility of clinica. contra.t a.ents. a.terna.ive solutions a.e therefore necessa.y to promote clinica. resea.ch in this a.ea. These methods must be sha.ed to ma.e it ea.ier for resea.chers.

关键词： Fluorescence Ima.ing Contra.t a.ents Clinica. Resea.ch

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