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Water, land, and energy use efficiencies and financial evaluation of air conditioner cooled greenhouses based on field experiments

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 375-387页

作者： Ibtihal al-mANTHRIA abdulrahim.m.al-ism.iliA Hemesiri KOTAGAmAB mumtaz KHANC L H Janitha JEEWANTHAD Department of Soils Water and Agricultural EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC123Oman Department of Natural Resource Economics Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC123Oman Department of Plant Science College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC123Oman Centre for Future materials University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba QLD 4350Australia School of mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba QLD 4350Australia

High temperature and humidity can be controlled in greenhouses by using mechanical refrigeration cooling system such as air conditioner(AC)in warm and humid *** study aims to evaluate the techno-financial aspects of the AC-cooled greenhouse as compared to the evaporative cooled(EV-cooled)greenhouse in winter and summer *** quonset single-span prototype greenhouses were built in the Agriculture Experiment Station of Sultan Qaboos University,Oman,with dimensions of 6.0 m long and 3.0 m *** AC-cooled greenhouse was covered by a rockwool insulated polyethylene plastic sheet and light emitting diodes(LED)lights were used as a source of light,while the EV-cooled greenhouse was covered by a transparent polyethylene sheet and sunlight was used as light *** cultivars of high-value lettuce were grown for *** evaluate the technical efficiency of greenhouse performance,we conducted measures on land use efficiency(LUE),water use efficiency(WUE),gross water use efficiency(GWUE)and energy use efficiency(EUE).Financial analysis was conducted to compare the profitability of both *** results showed that the LUE in winter were 10.10 and 14.50 kg/m^(2) for the AC-and EV-cooled greenhouses,***,the values reduced near to 6.80 kg/m^(2) in both greenhouses in *** WUE of the AC-cooled greenhouse was higher than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse by 3.8%in winter and 26.8%in *** GWUE was used to measure the total yield to the total greenhouse water consumption including irrigation and cooling water;it was higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse than in the EV-cooled greenhouse in both summer and winter seasons by almost 98.0%–99.4%.The EUE in the EV-cooled greenhouse was higher in both *** analysis showed that in winter,gross return,net return and benefit-to-cost ratio were better in the EVcooled greenhouse,while in summer,those were higher in the AC-cooled *** values of internal rate o

关键词： land use efficiency energy use efficiency water use efficiency gross water use efficiency financial evaluation air conditioner cooled greenhouse evaporative cooled greenhouse

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Potential reduction in water consumption of greenhouse evaporative coolers in arid areas via earth-tube heat exchangers

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 388-396页

作者： abdulrahim.m.al-ism.ili moustafa A FADEL Hemantha JAYASURIYA L H Janitha JEEWANTHA Adel al-mAHDOURI Talal al-SHUKEili Department of Soils Water and Agricultural EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC123Oman Department of Arid land Agriculture United Arab Emirates UniversityAl-Ain 17555United Arab Emirates Centre for Future materials&School of mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba QLD 4350Australia

This study aimed to explore the potential of developing a novel cooling system combining a greenhouse and an earth-tube heat exchanger(ETHE).In this system,greenhouse air is circulated through the underneath soil mass to use the deep-soil cooling *** was achieved through the following ***,soil temperature profile inside and outside the cultivated greenhouse was monitored for almost one year to study the possibility of using deep-soil coldness for cooling the greenhouse ***,a prototype ETHE was built to practically investigate the potential reduction in air temperature as the air flows inside the deep earth ***,a prototype greenhouse was erected to study the ETHE *** from the first experiment revealed that soil temperature at a soil depth of 2.5 m inside the greenhouse offers good conditions to bury the *** soil temperature at this soil depth was below the maximum temperature(32℃)that most greenhouse crops can *** from the prototype ETHE showed a slight reduction in air temperature as it passed through the *** the prototype of the integrated greenhouse and ETHE system,reduction in air temperature was observed as the air passed through the ETHE *** night,the air was heated up across the ETHE pipes,indicating that the ETHE was working as a *** concluded from this study that greenhouses in arid climates can be cooled using the ETHE concept which would save a large amount of water that would otherwise be consumed in the evaporative *** investigations are highly encouraged.

关键词： earth-tube heat exchanger greenhouse fan-pad cooling system water saving arid areas

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Enhancement of freshwater production of the seawater greenhouse condenser

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 397-412页

作者： Tahani K BAIT SUWAILAm abdulrahim.m.al-ism.ili Nasser A al-AZRI L H Janitha JEEWANTHA Hemesiri KOTAGAmA Department of Soils Water and Agricultural EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123Oman Department of mechanical and Industrial Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123Oman Department of Natural Resource Economics Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123Oman

Seawater greenhouse(SWGH)is a technology established to overcome issues related to open field cultivation in arid areas,such as the high ambient temperature and the shortage of *** adopts the humidification-dehumidification concept where evaporated moisture from a saline water source is condensed to produce freshwater within the greenhouse *** condenser designs are adopted to increase freshwater production in order to meet the irrigation *** aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the practicality of using the packed-type direct contact condenser in the SWGH to produce more freshwater at low costs,simple design and high efficiency,and to explore the impact of the manipulating six operational variables(inlet air temperature of the humidifier,air mass flowrate of the humidifier,inlet water temperature of the humidifier,water mass flowrate of the humidifier,inlet water temperature of the dehumidifier and water mass flowrate of the dehumidifier)on freshwater condensation *** this purpose,a direct contact condenser was designed and ***-four full factorial experiments were conducted to study the effect of the six operational *** variable was operated at two levels(high and low flowrate),and each experiment lasted for 10 min and followed by a 30-min waiting *** showed that freshwater production varied between 0.257 and 2.590 L for every 10 *** using minitab statistical software to investigate the significant variables that contributed to the maximum freshwater production,it was found that the inlet air temperature of the humidifier had the greatest influence,followed by the inlet water temperature of the humidifier;the former had a negative impact while the latter had a positive impact on freshwater *** response optimizer tool revealed that the optimal combination of variables contributed to maximize freshwater production when all variables were in the high mode and the inlet air

关键词： seawater greenhouse humidification-dehumidification direct contact condenser freshwater production water desalination

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alumina-boron catalysts for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene: Influence of alumina-boron composition and method of preparation on catalysts properties

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2019年第11期40卷 1758-1765页

作者： Nagaraju Pasupulety muhammad A.Daous abdulrahim A.al-Zahrani Hafedh Driss Lachezar A.Petrov Chemical and materials Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering King Abdulaziz University P.O. Box 80204 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia

Different mole ratio al-B catalysts (al-10B to al-35B) were synthesized by using sol-gel (SG) method. Ethyl benzene (EB) dehydrogenation in the presence of oxygen and water steam was carried out on these catalysts at 450–500℃ with EB contact time of 0.54 ***^–3. Acidity of al-B catalysts was estimated by using NH3-TPD-mass spectral analysis studies. SEm-mapping images revealed fine distribution of boron up to 15% of its loading in alumina (al-15B), whereas, boron aggregation was observed in higher boron content (al-25B and al-35B) catalysts. Essentially, acid sites of very weak strength (Tmax ≤ 125℃) were observed for al and al-10B catalysts and resulted in low EB conversion and styrene yield. On the other hand, acid sites of weak strength (Tmax ≤ 180℃) were observed for al-25B and al-35B catalysts and resulted in high EB conversion. However, greater styrene yield (43.2%) with reasonable EB conversion (46%) was obtained on acid sites of weak moderate strength in al-15B catalyst. Further, al-15B catalyst was synthesized by using co-precipitation (COP) and impregnation (ImP) methods. Acid sites related to NOx formation during the NH3-TPD-mass analysis on ImP and COP catalyst essentially improved the EB conversion to 66% and 63% respectively at 500℃. However, these acid sites were diminished in al-B SG catalyst and resulted in 50% of EB conversion at 500 ℃. At 50% of EB conversion level, styrene selectivity of 73%, 82.5% and 84% were observed on al-B ImP, al-B COP and al-SG catalysts, respectively. Hence, different method of preparation of al-B catalyst generated acid sites of different strength and density and thereby influenced the styrene formation.

关键词： alumina-boron Oxidative dehydrogenation Ethyl benzene Styrene Co-precipitation

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Smart system for safe and optimal soil investigation in urban areas

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Underground Space 2017年第4期2卷 220-226页

作者： Ahmad alqadad Isam Shahrour abdulrahim Sukik Geoteclmical Department ACES-DohaQatar College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina Cil and Geo Environmental Engineering Laboratory Lille UniversityVileneuve d'AscqFrance

This paper discusses the challenges and diffculties experienced during soil investigation in urban areas using drilling machines and soil *** focus is on the consequences of a lack of data on the subsoil proﬁle and presence of utilities,which could cause major accidents with severe economic and social losses,resulting in constriction activities being delayed and urban services being *** paper describes certain accidents related to soil investigation in Qatar and their consequences,as well as the lessons learned from these *** order to meet the challenges of soil investigation in urban areas,this paper presents a solution based on smart tech-nology,which includes:(i)a geotechnical information system with update data concerning the soil proﬁle,soil surface,utilities locations,and water table level;(ii)tools for data management,analysis,and visualization;and(iii)a user interface that allows authorities,com-panies,and citizens to access authorized data via a graphic interface,update data,and send messages and alerts in the case of any inci-dent ***,the paper presents a promising perspective for the development of smart drilling devices,which record data related to the functioning of a drilling machine and transmit data to the smart soil investigation system.

关键词： Soil investigation Smart Urban area Drill borehole GIS Underground utility

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Use of Geomatic Approaches to Characterize Arqa River Basin: A Typical Coastal Lebanese River

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Open Journal of modern Hydrology 2015年第3期5卷 45-57页

作者： abdulrahim Ibrahim moustafa al Hajj mhamad El Hage Department of Geography (GISRS Lab) Lebanese University Tripoli Lebanon Centre for Language and Communication Studies Lebanese University Beirut Lebanon Department of Geography (GISRS Lab) and Department of Civil Engineering Lebanese University Tripoli Lebanon

Water resources in Lebanon are one of the major threatened natural resources, since they spread on different geographic locations creating a network of permanent and temporary watercourses that govern the socio-economy and livelihood. However, lately, these watercourses, and certainly the rivers and streams, are witnessing unfavorable impacts that make them with less benefit and use. In addition, most of the Lebanese river basins have not been characterized due to the newly physical challenges of climate change and the human interference. Hence, characterization of the Lebanese river basins must be obtained in order to monitor the changing of physical and anthropogenic parameters. This can help for better conservation and adaptation approaches, notably for climate change. Arqa River, a coastal Lebanese river in North Lebanon is a typical example. In this study, Arqa River basin and the occupied streams among it have been studied using new advanced geomatic techniques. These techniques are based on the treatment of digital geo-spatial data in systematic approaches. ArcGIS is the software which is used to elaborate and manipulate (data interrelation, measures, overlapping, ordering, etc.) the geo-spatial data. Thus, the geometric and morphometric analysis were obtained for the river catchment and the existing tributaries. This will be a primary tool for further applications including water resources management in the river system. This can be utilized in the execution of dams, mountain lakes, man-made channels and in mapping flood-prone areas. In addition, the obtained characterization of this basin will be helpful in mapping erosion processes and estimation of the infiltration capacity, plus monitoring surface water flow. It is a typical approach of analysis that can be applied for the rest of Lebanese river systems in order to attain a better water resources management. This study shows that the use of geomatic techniques is a very helpful tool in the study of basin

关键词： Geomatic Remote Sensing GIS DEm morphometry

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Seroprevalence of brucellosis among exposed agro-pastoral communities in southern Saudi Arabia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2019年第12期12卷 545-551页

作者： Ahmed m.al-Hakami Abdulah J.alqahtani Riyad A.moosa Sultan K.Kadasah Talal Y.Gofashe Amer F.Binzafrah Abdulrahman m.almobty Ihab abdulrahim Abdullah m.alkahtani Shehata F.Shehata mohamed E.Hamid Department of microbiology and Clinical Parasitology College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Level 12 mBBS Students College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Family and Community medicine College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Biostatistics High Institute of Public healthAlexandria UniversityEgypt Center of Tropical Diseases College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in human and animal’s communities in southern Saudi ***: A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted in Aseer and Jazan, Saudi Arabia(October 2017-October 2018). Human serum samples(n=339) were initially screened for Brucella antibodies and positive samples were further titrated for Brucella antibodies by immunocapture assay(titer of ≥1:320 as positive). Animal samples(n=828) were screened using the Rose Bengal test. Relationship status was dichotomized to measure and predict independent contributions to variations in human using univariate and multivariate stepwise binary logistic regression model. Results: The rate of brucellosis among the 339 human samples in the two regions was 33.9%, and the rate of acute brucellosis was 12.4%. The rate of brucellosis in animals was 4.7%. Human brucellosis among the target groups was higher in northwestern Aseer(53.3%) compared to Southeastern Aseer(25.9%) and Jazan region(20.6%). The disease was more prevalent among non-Saudi nationals(35.2%) compared to Saudis(30.5%). The rate of brucellosis among butchers and shepherds was 37.5% and 37.2%, respectively. The rate of brucellosis was 37.8% in people over 30 years of age. Our univariate analysis showed that residing in Aseer region(OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.50-4.40), especially residing in northwestern Aseer region(OR: 4.40, 95% CI: 2.40-7.90), frequent consumption of raw meat(OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.50-5.50), shepherds(OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 0.80-5.30), owning sheep(OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.10-4.40), daily contact with animals(OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 0.75-5.80), and those > 30-year-old(OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.00-2.40) were significantly associated with increased risks of brucellosis. Our multivariate analysis further showed that residing in northwestern Aseer(OR: 9.16, 95% CI: 3.39-24.76) and having sheep(OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35) were significant and independent risks of brucellosis while residing in agric

关键词： Undulant fever Zoonosis Serological assays Brucellosis Aseer

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Estimate of the Aquifer Temperature of Assammaqieh Well in Akkar by Geothermometric Equations

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第3期9卷 271-288页

作者： abdulrahim Ibrahim Department of Geography (GISRS Lab) Lebanese University Tripoli Lebanon

This research aims at estimating the temperature of the aquifer that supplies Assammaqieh well at the depth of 550 m, on the basis of chemical analyses and geothermometric techniques which are one of the methods used for searching for the renewable geothermal energy and conserving the environment. In this study, about twenty-two geothermometric indicators have been used. For verifying the results, these results have been compared with data and estimates of temperature of fluids of deep typical wells in New Zealand, and it has been noticed that the theoretical and actual results approach the limits of 95% in many indicators. The study has been restricted to the relations of Cations because they are the most reliable, and the least affected by dissolution and evaporation. most of the indicators that are based on the four chemical elements: Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), magnesium (mg), have been adopted. The laboratory analysis data of Assammaqieh well confirmed that it was hot sulphurous water that acquired its chemical properties from complicated geochemical conditions, underground thermal conditions and volcanic rock nature. It also turned out that the underground heating process was basically due to thermal conductivity and rock adjacency, and that Assammaqieh well was supplied with water from adjacent groundwater tables whose source was the penetration of surface water. It also appeared that most of the equations used in the search for geothermal energy revealed the presence of an aquifer of hot and very hot water, and they were compatible with the high thermal gradient in volcanic rocks. It also tuned out that 86% of the used geothermometric equations estimated the aquifer temperature of Assammaqieh well as being hot and very hot with around 135.5 Celsius (±20). The study concluded with the hypothesis that Akkar possessed a huge geothermal energy, and benefiting from this energy might put an end to the chronic problem of electricity in Lebanon, and op

关键词： Geothermometry Geothermal Energy Aquifer Temperature Lebanon

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Evaluation of Fracture Resistance for Autopolymerizing Acrylic Resin materials Reinforced with Glass Fiber mesh, metal mesh and metal Wire materials: An in Vitro Study

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2022年第2期12卷 33-41页

作者： Reem abdulrahim Nuran Yanikoğlu Department of Prosthodontics Atatürk University Erzurum Turkey

Statement of problem: many processes have been applied to improve the fracture resistance of acrylic resin dentures by reinforcing them. The maximum goal of any denture repair is to restore the main strength of the denture and to avoid further fracture. Purpose: This study investigated the ability of self-curing acrylic resin to be strength and deflection of repaired acrylic resin joints reinforced with various reinforcement materials to resist fracture. material and methods: Transverse strength of polymethyl methacrylate acrylic resin reinforced with glass fiber mesh, metal mesh, and metal wire was evaluated with a 3-point load test on 40 intact specimens (n = 10 for control group) (n = 10 per each reinforcement material group). Fractured joint margins were rounded, a 4-mm gap was placed between them, and then they were repaired with autopolymerizing acrylic resin and retested. Results: Transverse strength for the polymethyl methacrylate acrylic resin samples has showed fracture at the side of sample rather than in the middle area of reinforcement materials and some other samples showed bending statue rather than fracture. Conclusion: Reinforcement with glass fiber mesh, metal mesh, and metal wire produced transverse strength in the side area of resin denture base material rather than in the middle of reinforcement area with bending samples rather than fracture response.

关键词： Denture Base material Flexural Strength Glass Fibers Reinforcement metal mesh

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Analysis of Gray Scott’s model Numerically

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American Journal of Computational mathematics 2021年第4期11卷 273-288页

作者： Ahmed abdulrahim Ahmed Amin Daoud Suleiman mashat Department of mathematics Numerical Analysis King Abdulaziz University Jeddah Saudi Arabia

In this paper, a two-dimensional nonlinear coupled Gray Scott system is simulated with a finite difference scheme and a finite volume technique. Pre and post-processing lead to a new solution called GSmFoam by understanding geometry settings and mesh information. The concentration profile changes over time, as does the intensity of the contour patterns. The OpenFoam solver gives you the confidence to compare the pattern result with efficient numerical algorithms on the Gray Scott model.

关键词： Fourth Order Compact Scheme Finite Volume method Fully Implicit Scheme alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) Scheme Gray Scott Solver OpenFoam

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