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Enhancement of freshwater production of the seawater greenhouse condenser

Journal of Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 397-412页

作者： Tahani K BAIT SUWAILAm abdulrahim m al-ismaili Nasser A al-AZRI L H Janitha JEEWANTHA Hemesiri KOTAGAmA Department of Soils Water and Agricultural EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123Oman Department of mechanical and Industrial Engineering Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123Oman Department of Natural Resource Economics Sultan Qaboos UniversityAl-Khoud 123Oman

Seawater greenhouse(SWGH)is a technology established to overcome issues related to open field cultivation in arid areas,such as the high ambient temperature and the shortage of *** adopts the humidification-dehumidification concept where evaporated moisture from a saline water source is condensed to produce freshwater within the greenhouse *** condenser designs are adopted to increase freshwater production in order to meet the irrigation *** aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the practicality of using the packed-type direct contact condenser in the SWGH to produce more freshwater at low costs,simple design and high efficiency,and to explore the impact of the manipulating six operational variables(inlet air temperature of the humidifier,air mass flowrate of the humidifier,inlet water temperature of the humidifier,water mass flowrate of the humidifier,inlet water temperature of the dehumidifier and water mass flowrate of the dehumidifier)on freshwater condensation *** this purpose,a direct contact condenser was designed and ***-four full factorial experiments were conducted to study the effect of the six operational *** variable was operated at two levels(high and low flowrate),and each experiment lasted for 10 min and followed by a 30-min waiting *** showed that freshwater production varied between 0.257 and 2.590 L for every 10 *** using minitab statistical software to investigate the significant variables that contributed to the maximum freshwater production,it was found that the inlet air temperature of the humidifier had the greatest influence,followed by the inlet water temperature of the humidifier;the former had a negative impact while the latter had a positive impact on freshwater *** response optimizer tool revealed that the optimal combination of variables contributed to maximize freshwater production when all variables were in the high mode and the inlet air

关键词： seawater greenhouse humidification-dehumidification direct contact condenser freshwater production water desalination

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Potential reduction in water consumption of greenhouse evaporative coolers in arid areas via earth-tube heat exchangers

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 388-396页

作者： abdulrahim m al-ismaili moustafa A FADEL Hemantha JAYASURIYA L H Janitha JEEWANTHA Adel al-mAHDOURI Talal al-SHUKEILI Department of Soils Water and Agricultural EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC123Oman Department of Arid land Agriculture United Arab Emirates UniversityAl-Ain 17555United Arab Emirates Centre for Future materials&School of mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba QLD 4350Australia

This study aimed to explore the potential of developing a novel cooling system combining a greenhouse and an earth-tube heat exchanger(ETHE).In this system,greenhouse air is circulated through the underneath soil mass to use the deep-soil cooling *** was achieved through the following ***,soil temperature profile inside and outside the cultivated greenhouse was monitored for almost one year to study the possibility of using deep-soil coldness for cooling the greenhouse ***,a prototype ETHE was built to practically investigate the potential reduction in air temperature as the air flows inside the deep earth ***,a prototype greenhouse was erected to study the ETHE *** from the first experiment revealed that soil temperature at a soil depth of 2.5 m inside the greenhouse offers good conditions to bury the *** soil temperature at this soil depth was below the maximum temperature(32℃)that most greenhouse crops can *** from the prototype ETHE showed a slight reduction in air temperature as it passed through the *** the prototype of the integrated greenhouse and ETHE system,reduction in air temperature was observed as the air passed through the ETHE *** night,the air was heated up across the ETHE pipes,indicating that the ETHE was working as a *** concluded from this study that greenhouses in arid climates can be cooled using the ETHE concept which would save a large amount of water that would otherwise be consumed in the evaporative *** investigations are highly encouraged.

关键词： earth-tube heat exchanger greenhouse fan-pad cooling system water saving arid areas

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Water, land, and energy use efficiencies and financial evaluation of air conditioner cooled greenhouses based on field experiments

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第4期13卷 375-387页

作者： Ibtihal al-mANTHRIA abdulrahim m al-ismailiA Hemesiri KOTAGAmAB mumtaz KHANC L H Janitha JEEWANTHAD Department of Soils Water and Agricultural EngineeringSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC123Oman Department of Natural Resource Economics Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC123Oman Department of Plant Science College of Agricultural and Marine SciencesSultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC123Oman Centre for Future materials University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba QLD 4350Australia School of mechanical and Electrical Engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoomba QLD 4350Australia

High temperature and humidity can be controlled in greenhouses by using mechanical refrigeration cooling system such as air conditioner(AC)in warm and humid *** study aims to evaluate the techno-financial aspects of the AC-cooled greenhouse as compared to the evaporative cooled(EV-cooled)greenhouse in winter and summer *** quonset single-span prototype greenhouses were built in the Agriculture Experiment Station of Sultan Qaboos University,Oman,with dimensions of 6.0 m long and 3.0 m *** AC-cooled greenhouse was covered by a rockwool insulated polyethylene plastic sheet and light emitting diodes(LED)lights were used as a source of light,while the EV-cooled greenhouse was covered by a transparent polyethylene sheet and sunlight was used as light *** cultivars of high-value lettuce were grown for *** evaluate the technical efficiency of greenhouse performance,we conducted measures on land use efficiency(LUE),water use efficiency(WUE),gross water use efficiency(GWUE)and energy use efficiency(EUE).Financial analysis was conducted to compare the profitability of both *** results showed that the LUE in winter were 10.10 and 14.50 kg/m^(2) for the AC-and EV-cooled greenhouses,***,the values reduced near to 6.80 kg/m^(2) in both greenhouses in *** WUE of the AC-cooled greenhouse was higher than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse by 3.8%in winter and 26.8%in *** GWUE was used to measure the total yield to the total greenhouse water consumption including irrigation and cooling water;it was higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse than in the EV-cooled greenhouse in both summer and winter seasons by almost 98.0%–99.4%.The EUE in the EV-cooled greenhouse was higher in both *** analysis showed that in winter,gross return,net return and benefit-to-cost ratio were better in the EVcooled greenhouse,while in summer,those were higher in the AC-cooled *** values of internal rate o

关键词： land use efficiency energy use efficiency water use efficiency gross water use efficiency financial evaluation air conditioner cooled greenhouse evaporative cooled greenhouse

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Seroprevalence of brucellosis among exposed agro-pastoral communities in southern Saudi Arabia

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2019年第12期12卷 545-551页

作者： Ahmed m.al-Hakami Abdulah J.alqahtani Riyad A.moosa Sultan K.Kadasah Talal Y.Gofashe Amer F.Binzafrah Abdulrahman m.almobty Ihab abdulrahim Abdullah m.alkahtani Shehata F.Shehata mohamed E.Hamid Department of microbiology and Clinical Parasitology College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Level 12 mBBS Students College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Family and Community medicine College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Biostatistics High Institute of Public healthAlexandria UniversityEgypt Center of Tropical Diseases College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in human and animal’s communities in southern Saudi ***: A cross-sectional sero-epidemiological study was conducted in Aseer and Jazan, Saudi Arabia(October 2017-October 2018). Human serum samples(n=339) were initially screened for Brucella antibodies and positive samples were further titrated for Brucella antibodies by immunocapture assay(titer of ≥1:320 as positive). Animal samples(n=828) were screened using the Rose Bengal test. Relationship status was dichotomized to measure and predict independent contributions to variations in human using univariate and multivariate stepwise binary logistic regression model. Results: The rate of brucellosis among the 339 human samples in the two regions was 33.9%, and the rate of acute brucellosis was 12.4%. The rate of brucellosis in animals was 4.7%. Human brucellosis among the target groups was higher in northwestern Aseer(53.3%) compared to Southeastern Aseer(25.9%) and Jazan region(20.6%). The disease was more prevalent among non-Saudi nationals(35.2%) compared to Saudis(30.5%). The rate of brucellosis among butchers and shepherds was 37.5% and 37.2%, respectively. The rate of brucellosis was 37.8% in people over 30 years of age. Our univariate analysis showed that residing in Aseer region(OR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.50-4.40), especially residing in northwestern Aseer region(OR: 4.40, 95% CI: 2.40-7.90), frequent consumption of raw meat(OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.50-5.50), shepherds(OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 0.80-5.30), owning sheep(OR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.10-4.40), daily contact with animals(OR: 2.10, 95% CI: 0.75-5.80), and those > 30-year-old(OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.00-2.40) were significantly associated with increased risks of brucellosis. Our multivariate analysis further showed that residing in northwestern Aseer(OR: 9.16, 95% CI: 3.39-24.76) and having sheep(OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00-1.35) were significant and independent risks of brucellosis while residing in agric

关键词： Undulant fever Zoonosis Serological assays Brucellosis Aseer

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Estimate of the Aquifer Temperature of Assammaqieh Well in Akkar by Geothermometric Equations

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2017年第3期9卷 271-288页

作者： abdulrahim Ibrahim Department of Geography (GISRS Lab) Lebanese University Tripoli Lebanon

This research aims at estimating the temperature of the aquifer that supplies Assammaqieh well at the depth of 550 m, on the basis of chemical analyses and geothermometric techniques which are one of the methods used for searching for the renewable geothermal energy and conserving the environment. In this study, about twenty-two geothermometric indicators have been used. For verifying the results, these results have been compared with data and estimates of temperature of fluids of deep typical wells in New Zealand, and it has been noticed that the theoretical and actual results approach the limits of 95% in many indicators. The study has been restricted to the relations of Cations because they are the most reliable, and the least affected by dissolution and evaporation. most of the indicators that are based on the four chemical elements: Calcium (Ca), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), magnesium (mg), have been adopted. The laboratory analysis data of Assammaqieh well confirmed that it was hot sulphurous water that acquired its chemical properties from complicated geochemical conditions, underground thermal conditions and volcanic rock nature. It also turned out that the underground heating process was basically due to thermal conductivity and rock adjacency, and that Assammaqieh well was supplied with water from adjacent groundwater tables whose source was the penetration of surface water. It also appeared that most of the equations used in the search for geothermal energy revealed the presence of an aquifer of hot and very hot water, and they were compatible with the high thermal gradient in volcanic rocks. It also tuned out that 86% of the used geothermometric equations estimated the aquifer temperature of Assammaqieh well as being hot and very hot with around 135.5 Celsius (±20). The study concluded with the hypothesis that Akkar possessed a huge geothermal energy, and benefiting from this energy might put an end to the chronic problem of electricity in Lebanon, and op

关键词： Geothermometry Geothermal Energy Aquifer Temperature Lebanon

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An Assessment of the Groundwater Potential of Bayero University Kano Permanent Site Using Induced Polarization and Self-potential methods

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Journal of Earth Science and Engineering 2014年第10期4卷 587-596页

作者： Shehu Sani Jamaluddeen abdulrahim ali Bunawa muhammad Saleh Department of Physics Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto 840212 Nigeria Department of Physics Bayero University Kano 700231 Nigeria

This paper centers on the investigation of the subsurface condition of Bayero University Kano Permanent Site with the aim of understanding the lithology and also mapping out the groundwater patterns within the area. To achieve this, time domain IP （induced polarization） and SP （self-potential） methods were adopted using VES （vertical electrical sounding） technique with 49 stations sounded. The result of the interpreted and analyzed measured data shows that the area is underlain by two to five subsurface layers. These layers are top soil, laterite, weathered basement complex rocks, fractured basement complex rocks and fresh basement complex rocks. The aquiferous zone of the study area occurs in the weathered and fractured basements and its thickness ranges from 1.44 m to 70.157 m while the overburden thickness lies between 1.6 m and 72.104 m. SP values were plotted against depths of investigation in order to identify areas with greater depth of flow in the study area. From the analysis of the overburden thickness, aquifer thickness and SP values, the most favorable regions for groundwater exploitation were found around VES 6, 11, 13, 19, 26, 38, 44 and 48. The investigation also provides information about the subsurface condition with regards to engineering construction and safe place for refuse dumping in order to avoid groundwater contamination.

关键词： Subsurface induced polarization self-potential.

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molecular Detection of Biofilm-Producing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Isolates from National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of medical microbiology 2019年第3期9卷 116-126页

作者： U. abdulrahim m. Kachallah m. Rabiu N. A. Usman G. O. Adeshina B. O. Olayinka Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical microbiology University of Maiduguri Maiduguri Nigeria Anaesthesia Department National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutical microbiology Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

This study evaluated biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility in 36 clinical S. aureus isolates recovered from orthopaedic patients and detected the presence of intercellular adhesion and adhesin genes. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from nasal swab, wound and urine specimens collected from orthopaedic patients in National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano over a period of three months. The isolates were identified using rapid identification kit for Staphylococcus species. The antibiotics susceptibility of the isolates was determined using modified disc diffusion method. Phenotypically, the biofilm formation was assessed using the Congo red agar method and microtitre plate assay. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect biofilm-associated genes and characterize the isolates. The isolation rate of S. aureus from the samples (n = 134) was 26.8%, mainly from nasal swab (36%) and wound swab (36%). A total of 19 (52.7%) of the isolates showed positive for slime production. majority of the isolates 29/36 (81.6%) were biofilm positive with only 2 (5.5%) and 5 (13.8%) as strong biofilm-formers and moderate biofilm-formers respectively. molecular evaluation of the biofilm-associated genes in 12 S. aureus isolates revealed the prevalence of bbp genes (25%), clfA genes (16.6%) and the icaA (8.3%). None of the isolates harboured the fnbA and cna genes. There is no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the antibiotic resistance pattern between biofilm-positive and biofilm-negative S. aureus isolates. This result revealed that phenotypically most of the S. aureus isolates were biofilm formers but few of them chromosomally harbour the biofilm-associated genes.

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Intercellular Adhesion and Adhesin Genes Orthopaedic Patients microtitre Plate Congo Red Agar

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