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Impact of Lignosulfonate on solution Chemistry and Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition in soils

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Pedosphere 2014年第3期24卷 308-321页

作者： .R.alms A.K.AFANOU T.KROGsTAD Norwegian University of Life science Department of Environmental Sciences P.O.Box 5003 N-1432s (Norway) National Institute of Occupational Health Department of Chemistry and Biology P.O.Box 8149 Dep N-0033 Oslo (Norway) Norwegian University of Life science Department of Environmental Sciences P.O.Box 5003 N-1432 s (Norway)

An incubation experiment(Exp. 1) with three soils, two from Australia and one from Norway, was carried out to investigate the fate of dissolved BorreGro(a lignosulfonate, produced by Borregaard LignoTech Company, Norway) at different concentrations(0, 10 and 100 mg C L-1) in soil solutions. A rhizobox experiment(Exp. 2) was also done in a Norwegian clay soil, mixed with four levels of BorreGro-carbon(BG-C) added(0, 2, 20 and 200 mg BG-C kg-1) to test the impact of BorreGro on root growth, rhizosphere chemistry(pH, metals and dissolved organic carbon(DOC)) and the composition of phospholipid fatty acids(PLFAs). The BorreGro addition increased the concentration of Mn due to the high concentrations in BorreGro. The BorreGro addition to soil had an indirect but significant impact on the rhizosphere chemistry and PLFAs. The lowest amounts of added BorreGro facilitated the DOC excretion at plant roots, and thereby increased the bacterial and fungal biomass, likely as an effect of increased Mn solubility from BorreGro in the root zone.

关键词： Ca dissolved organic carbon Mn rhizosphere chemistry WHAM/Model VI

A Computational study of Cavitation Model Validity Using a New Quantitative Criterion

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第6期29卷 193-195页

作者： Hagar alm El-Din ZHANG Yu-sheng Medhat Elkelawy school of Energy&Power Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074

The predictive capability of two different numerical cavitation models accounting for the onset and development of cavitation inside real-sized diesel nozzle holes is assessed on the basis of the referenced experimental *** calculations performed indicate that for the same model assumptions,numerical implementation,discretization scheme,and turbulence grid resolution model,the predictions for differently applied physical cavitation submodels are phenomenologically distinct from each *** present a comparison by applying a new criterion for the quantitative comparison between the results obtained from both cavitation models.

关键词： cavitation Criterion turbulence

Using behavioural economics to understand tax compliance

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Economic and Political studies 2023年第3期11卷 279-294页

作者： James alm Matthias Kasper Department of Economics Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA Faculty of Psychology University of ViennaViennaAustria

‘Behavioural economics’,or the application of methods and evidence from other social sciences to economics,has increased greatly in significance and use in the last two *** this paper,we discuss the basic elements of behavioural *** then assess the applications of behavioural economics to the analysis of tax *** central conclusion is that many,perhaps most,of the recent insights on what motivates tax compliance have flowed directly from behavioural *** conclude with suggestions on–and predictions of–directions in which future applications should prove useful.

关键词： Behavioural economics tax compliance expected utility theory non-expected utility theory social interactions theory

Declaring income versus declaring taxes in tax compliance experiments:Does the design of laboratory experiments affect the results?

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Economic and Political studies 2023年第3期11卷 334-349页

作者： stephan Muehlbacher Andre Hartmann Erich Kirchler James alm Department of Psychology and Psychodynamics Karl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesKremsAustria Department of Occupational Economic and Social PsychologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria Institute for Advanced studies ViennaAustria Department of Economics Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA

Laboratory experiments are frequently criticised,in part because of the sensitivity of the results to specific features of the *** paper addresses an important question regarding the key aspect of the experimental environment:How should the dependent variable–participants’choices–be operationalised?For the specific context of laboratory research on income tax compliance,we compare the effects of the two most common operationalisation types:the declaration of gross income versus the declaration of tax *** is found that compliance is higher when participants indicate their tax payment than when they declare their *** is also discovered that the effects of the three policy parameters of the economic model(the tax rate,audit probability and fine rate)are stronger when participants declare their taxes than when they declare their *** results are relevant for interpreting prior and future experimental evidence on tax compliance and can explain some contradictory previous *** broadly,this study suggests that the results of laboratory experiments may depend on specific features of the experimental design,which proposes a strong need for more systematic methodological research.

关键词： Laboratory experiments experimental design tax compliance tax rate audit probability fine rate

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Introduction

Economic and Political studies 2023年第3期11卷 275-278页

作者： James alm Yongzheng Liu Department of Economics Tulane UniversityNew OrleansLAUSA school of Finance Renmin University of ChinaBeijingChina

In recent years,research in economics generally and public economics specifically has been enriched by incorporating insights from‘behavioural economics’in standard economic *** economics is broadly defined as the application of methods and evidence from other disciplines–sociology,anthropology,law,accounting,and,especially,psychology–to the economic analysis of individual(and group)*** economics is based on a seemingly simple and obvious observation:individuals are not always the rational,outcome-oriented,self-controlled,selfish,and egoistic consumers envisioned by much of standard economic *** these‘deviations’from the long-accepted economic view of how individuals behave and incorporating them in economic models of individual behaviour have led to a more realistic view of how individuals make choices.

关键词： individual behaviour rational

Numerical study on the Hydrogen Fueled sI Engine Combustion Optimization through a Combined Operation of DI and PFI strategies

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Energy and Power Engineering 2013年第8期5卷 513-522页

作者： Medhat Elkelawy Hagar alm-Eldin Bastawissi Department of Mechanical Power Engineering Tanta University Tanta Egypt

As the practicability of a hydrogen-fueled economy emerges, intermediate technologies would be necessary for the transition between hydrocarbon fueled internal combustion engines and hydrogen powered fuel cells. In the present study, the hydrogen engine efficiency and the load control are the two main parameters that will be improved by using the combined operation of in-cylinder direct fuel injection (DI) and port fuel injection (PFI) strategies to obtain maximum engine power outputs with acceptable efficiency equivalent to gasoline engines. Wide open throttle (WOT) operation has been used to take advantage of the associated increase in engine efficiency, in which the loads have been regulated with mixture richness (qualitative control) instead of volumetric efficiency (quantitative control). The capabilities of a 3D-CFD code have been developed and employed to simulate the whole engine physicochemical process which includes the hydrogen injection through the intake manifold (PFI) and/or the hydrogen DI in the engine compression stroke. Conditions with simulated PFI, PFI + DI and DI have been analyzed to study the effects of mixture preparation behaviors on the hydrogen ignition and its flame propagation inside the engine combustion chamber. Numerically, the CFD code has been intensively validated against experimental engine data which provided remarkable agreement in terms of in-cylinder pressure history evaluation.

关键词： Hydrogen Fuel sI Engine Port Fuel Injection Direct Injection Wide Open Throttle Kiva-3vr2

Investigation of the Flow Pattern inside a Diesel Engine Injection Nozzle to Determine the Relationship between Various Flow Parameters and the Occurrence of Cavitation

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Engineering（科研） 2014年第13期6卷 923-935页

作者： Hagar alm-Eldin Bastawissi Medhat Elkelawy Department of Mechanical Power Engineering Tanta University Tanta Egypt

In diesel engines the fuel injection system produces the spray, which directly affects the combustion of the fuel, which in turn determines the production of pollutants. In spite of this, the details of this causal relationship remain unclear. There is, however, a lack of quantitative experimental data for determining and visualizing the cavitation inside real size diesel injector nozzle. The present work is devoted to analyze analytically the flow pattern inside the nozzle of a diesel engine working with hydrocarbon fuel (Diesel fuel) and to predict the relationship between the various flow parameters and occurrence of fuel cavitation in such nozzles. Basic physical parameters affecting this phenomenon are identified and quantified while the effect of nozzle geometry, fuel injection pressure, and engine cylinder temperature upon the flow pattern and occurrence of cavitation in such nozzles are assessed. In this study, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package (FLUENT-T grid) is used while a computational grid is generated for the real geometry of diesel injector nozzle using (ANsYs). The suitability of the generated computational grid to give reliable results is examined using the suitable procedures and techniques. The results indicated that, cavitation modeling has reached a stage of maturity and it can usefully identify many of the cavitation structures present in internal nozzle flows and their dependence on nozzle design and flow conditions. The qualitative distributions and comparison of cavitation inception and distribution as well as flow parameters at the nozzle exit are also studied.

关键词： Diesel Injector Nozzle Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Cavitation

The Effects of a Recovery-Focused Program for stress Management in Women<br/>—An Exploratory study

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Health 2014年第20期6卷 2825-2836页

作者： Jan Lisspers Niclas almén Ö rjan sundin Department of Psychology Mid Sweden University Campus &Ouml stersund &Ouml stersund Sweden swedish Winter sports & Research Center Mid Sweden University Campus &Ouml stersund &Ouml stersund Sweden

Current research indicates that stress problems primarily could be conceptualized as deficiencies in recovery and recuperation between stress periods. Accordingly, interventions should put more emphasis on this aspect. A group based intervention program focusing exclusively on recovery behavior in everyday life was evaluated in this quasi-experimental, waiting-list control group study, where the control group was also treated in a second phase. Thirty-two self-referred female subjects, considering themselves in need of treatment for stress related health problems, were available for analyzes. Fifteen of these constituted the first phase treatment group (INT), while the remaining 17 subjects were placed on waiting list (WLC). Adding a few late applicants leaved 20 subjects later treated in the second intervention phase. significant and clinically meaningful positive effects emerged in the INT—compared to the WLC-group on recovery behaviors, stress—and recovery experiences, as well as on burnout symptoms, worry, anxiety and depression. secondary analyzes of all treated subjects indicated that the positive change the primary clinical endpoint was predicted by the increase in frequency of recovery behaviors and by the decrease in the worry level. Thus, the present intervention model merits further research with more rigorous experimental design as well as with follow-up assessments.

关键词： stress Recovery stress Management Intervention Cognitive Behavior Therapy

Perceptions of treatment among offenders with mental health problems and problematic substance use: The possible relevance of psychopathic personality traits

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2014年第1期4卷 79-90页

作者： Natalie Durbeej Charlotte alm Clara Hellner Gumpert Department of Clinical Neuroscience Division of Forensic Psychiatry Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden

substance abuse is related to re-offending, and substance abuse treatment may be effective in reducing criminal recidivism. Psychopathy, however, another factor that strongly correlates with re-offending, may be negatively associated with treatment utilization. This qualitative study explored perceptions of substance abuse treatment among offenders with mental health problems, problematic substance use, and various degrees of psychopathic personality traits. An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) revealed that some treatment perceptions may vary with degree of psychopathic traits. For instance, participants with low and high degrees of psychopathic personality traits had different views on treatment requirements imposed upon them. Many treatment perceptions were also similar between the two participant groups. Thus, treatment perceptions may not be explained by degree of psychopathic personality traits alone, but the presence of some particular psychopathic traits may be relevant in explaining certain treatment perceptions. The results highlight the complex relationship between the individual and the treatment system, and may give input to future studies on rehabilitation of offenders with multiple treatment needs.

关键词： substance Abuse Treatment Recidivism Psychopathy Offenders