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Potential hybrid feedstock for biodiesel production in the tropics

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Frontiers in Energy 2016年第3期10卷 329-336页

作者： Solomon giwa Oludaisi ADEKOMAYA Collins NWAOKOCHA Department of Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Environmental Studies Olabisi Onabanjo UniversityIbogun Campus Ifo 234039 Nigeria

Recently, mixture of different oils at various proportions have been used as feedstock for biodiesel production. The primary aim is to improve fuel properties which are strongly influenced by the fatty acid composition of the individual oil that makes up the feedstock mix. The tropics are renowned for abundant oil-bearing crops of which palm kernel oil （PKO） from palm seed and groundnut oil （GNO） are prominent. This present paper investigated biodiesel production from hybrid oil （HO） of PKO （medium carbon chain and highly saturated oil） and GNO （long carbon chain and highly unsaturated oil） at 50/ 50 （v/v） blending. The principal fatty acids （FAs） in the HO are oleic （35.62%） and lauric acids （24.23%） with 47.80% of saturated FA and 52.26% of unsaturated FA contents. The chemical conversion of the oil to methyl ester （ME） gave 86.56% yield. Fuel properties of hybrid oil methyl ester （the HOME） were determined in accordance with standard test methods and were found to comply with both ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards. The oxidative stability, cetane number and kinematic viscosity （KV） of HOME were observed to be improved when compared with those of GNO methyl ester from single parent oil, which could be accredited to the improved FA composition of the HO. The KV （3.69 minE/s） of HOME obtained in this paper was remarkably low compared with those reported in literature for most biodiesels. This value suggests better flow, atomization, spray and combustion of this fuel. Conclusively, the binary blend of oils can be a viable option to improve the fuel properties ofbiodiesel feedstock coupled with reduced cost.

关键词： groundnut oil palm kernel oil methyl ester,fuel properties tropics fatty acid composition

Recent improvements in oily wastewater treatment:Progress, challenges, and future opportunities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第11期27卷 15-30页

作者： Sanaa Jamaly Adewale giwa Shadi Wajih Hasan Institute Center for Water and Environment Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Masdar Institute of Science and Technology

Oily wastewater poses significant threats to the soil, water, air and human beings because of the hazardous nature of its oil contents. The objective of this review paper is to highlight the current and recently developed methods for oily wastewater treatment through which contaminants such as oil, fats, grease, and inorganics can be removed for safe *** include electrochemical treatment, membrane filtration, biological treatment,hybrid technologies, use of biosurfactants, treatment via vacuum ultraviolet radiation,and destabilization of emulsions through the use of zeolites and other natural *** review encompasses innovative and novel approaches to oily wastewater treatment and provides scientific background for future work that will be aimed at reducing the adverse impact of the discharge of oily wastewater into the environment. The current challenges affecting the optimal performance of oily wastewater treatment methods and opportunities for future research development in this field are also discussed.

关键词： Oily wastewater Electrochemical Biological Membrane Treatment

Prediction of selected biodiesel fuel properties using artificial neural network

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Frontiers in Energy 2015年第4期9卷 433-445页

作者： Solomon O. giwa Sunday O. ADEKOMAYA Kayode O. ADAMA Moruf O. MUKAILA Department of Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering and Environmental Studies Olabisi Onabanjo University lbogun Campus Ifo Ogun State Nigeria

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel to replace fossil- based diesel fuel. It has fuel properties similar to diesel which are generally determined experimentally. The experimental determination of various properties of biodiesel is costly, time consuming and a tedious process. To solve these problems, artificial neural network （ANN） has been considered as a vital tool for estimating the fuel properties of biodiesel, especially from its fatty acid （FA） composition. In this study, four ANNs have been designed and trained to predict the cetane number （CN）, flash point （FP）, kinematic viscosity （KV） and density of biodiesel using ANN with logsig and purelin transfer functions in the hidden layer of all the networks. The five most prevalent FAs from 55 feedstocks found in the literature utilized as the input parameters for the model are palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenie acids except for density network with a sixth parameter （temperature）. Other FAs that are present in the biodiesels have been considered based on the number of carbon atom chains and the level of saturation. From this study, the prediction accuracy and the average absolute deviation of the networks are CN （96.69%; 1.637%）, KV （95.80%; 1.638%）, FP （99.07%; 0.997%） and density （99.40%; 0.101%）. These values are reasonably better compared to previous studies on empirical correlations and ANN predictions of these fuel properties found in literature. Hence, the present study demonstrates the ability of ANN model to predict fuel properties of biodiesel with high accuracy.

关键词： biodiesel fuel properties artificial neuralnetwork fatty acid prediction

Biofuel Recovery from Plantain and Banana Plant Wastes:Integration of Biochemical and Thermochemical Approach

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第6期11卷 2593-2629页

作者： abdulmoseen Segun giwa Mingqiang Sheng Ndungutse Jean Maurice Xinxin Liu Zelong Wang Fengmin Chang Bo Huang Kaijun Wang School of Environment and Civil Engineering Nanchang Institute of Science and TechnologyNanchang330108China School of Infrastructure Engineering Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China Institute of Environmental Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan030006China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Globally,fossil fuel dependence has created several environmental challenges and climate ***,creating other alternative renewable and ecologically friendly bio-energy sources is *** biomass has gained significant attention recently as a renewable material for biofuel *** large amounts of plantain and banana plant parts wasted after harvesting,as well as the peels generated daily by the fruit market and industries,demonstrate the potential of bioenergy *** review briefly assesses plantain and banana plant biomass(PBB)generated in the developing,developed,and underdeveloped countries,the consumable parts,and feasible products *** emphasized the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly adopted treatment technologies of composting,incineration,and ***,the utilization of PBB as catalysts in biodiesel synthesis was briefly *** optimize recovery of biofuel,different integration routes of pyrolysis,anaerobic digestion,fermentation,hydrothermal carbonization,hydrothermal liquefaction,and hydrothermal gasification for the valorization of the PBB were *** complex compounds present in the PBB(hemicellulose,cellulose,and lignin)can be converted into valuable bio-products such as methane gas and bio-ethanol for bioenergy,and nutrients to promote bioactive *** investigation of the viability and innovation potential of the integrated routes’technology is necessary to improve the circular bio-economy and the recovery of biofuels from biomass waste,particularly PBB.

关键词： Bio-chemical bio-fuel integration plantain and banana waste:renewable materials

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城市污泥两段式催化热解制合成气研究

中国环境科学 2015年第3期35卷 804-810页

作者：常风民王启宝 SEGUN giwa 贾晋炜王凯军中国矿业大学(北京)化学与环境工程学院北京100083 清华大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室北京100084

为了把城市污泥中温热解产生的挥发性产物转化为可直接利用的洁净可燃性气体或重要的化工原料合成气,采用两段式热解装置对城市污泥进行了催化热解实验研究,讨论了不同催化剂对城市污泥热解挥发性产物的催化裂解能力,结果表明:城市污泥... 详细信息

为了把城市污泥中温热解产生的挥发性产物转化为可直接利用的洁净可燃性气体或重要的化工原料合成气,采用两段式热解装置对城市污泥进行了催化热解实验研究,讨论了不同催化剂对城市污泥热解挥发性产物的催化裂解能力,结果表明:城市污泥在热解终温500℃,热解液产率最大,超过500℃,热解液产率减少,热解气增多,固相产率基本不变;城市污泥热解液的裂解温度需在900℃以上,产生的气体组分主要为H2、CO、CH4等小分子非冷凝性气体;Ni/分子筛复合催化剂对热解液转化为合成气的作用效果较好,合成气体(H2+CO)体积含量占气体总量的85%以上.

关键词：城市污泥两段式催化热解合成气 Ni/分子筛

基于破碎处理的家庭厨余垃圾减量及其对下水的影响

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环境工程学报 2016年第5期10卷 2576-2580页

作者：吴远远 giwa abdulmoseen Segun 郑明霞王凯军清华大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室北京100084

在对我国家庭厨余垃圾的组成及性质、污水管道设计、污水处理厂运行状况的调查研究基础上,初步探讨了基于厨房垃圾粉碎机的家庭厨余垃圾减量及其对下水系统的影响。家庭厨余垃圾生成量（湿重）平均为152 g/（人·d）,其中易降解的蔬菜... 详细信息

在对我国家庭厨余垃圾的组成及性质、污水管道设计、污水处理厂运行状况的调查研究基础上,初步探讨了基于厨房垃圾粉碎机的家庭厨余垃圾减量及其对下水系统的影响。家庭厨余垃圾生成量（湿重）平均为152 g/（人·d）,其中易降解的蔬菜水果垃圾占到77.8%。家庭厨余垃圾的COD∶TN∶TP=400.9∶4.7∶1,可能导致污水处理厂的总COD、TN、TP和氨氮理论提高量分别为66.70、0.86、0.18和0.43 mg/L,会在一定程度上缓解我国污水处理厂碳源不足的现状。厨房垃圾粉碎机使用后,人均用水最大增加量为1.5 L/（人·d）,破碎时间短基本介于1～3.5 min之间。破碎后的厨余垃圾颗粒含水率高,密度略大于水,其在管道中起动的临界流速为0.02 m/s远小于0.6 m/s,故因厨房垃圾粉碎机使用引起的污水管网堵塞的可能性小。

关键词：厨房垃圾粉碎机家庭厨余垃圾污水处理厂污水管网

Current understandings of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes:Genetics to environment

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World Journal of Diabetes 2020年第1期11卷 13-25页

作者： Adebola Matthew giwa Rizwan Ahmed Zahra Omidian Neha Majety Kagan Ege Karakus Sarah M Omer Thomas Donner Abdel Rahim A Hamad Department of Pediatrics Johns Hopkins Medical CenterBaltimoreMD 21287United States Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins Medical CenterBaltimoreMD 21205United States School of Medicine Koc UniversityIstanbul 34450Turkey Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21205United States

Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is an autoimmune disease that usually strikes early in life,but can affect individuals at almost any *** is caused by autoreactive T cells that destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the *** studies estimate a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States with an increasing incidence of 2%-5%annually *** daily responsibility,clinical management,and vigilance required to maintain blood sugar levels within normal range and avoid acute complications(hypoglycemic episodes and diabetic ketoacidosis)and long term micro-and macro-vascular complications significantly affects quality of life and public health care *** the expansive impact of T1D,research work has accelerated and T1D has been intensively investigated with the focus to better understand,manage and cure this *** advances have been made in the past decades in this regard,but key questions remain as to why certain people develop T1D,but not others,with the glaring example of discordant disease incidence among monozygotic *** this review,we discuss the field’s current understanding of its pathophysiology and the role of genetics and environment on the development of *** examine the potential implications of these findings with an emphasis on T1D inheritance patterns,twin studies,and disease *** a better understanding of this process,interventions can be developed to prevent or halt it at early stages.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes genetics Type 1 diabetes epigenetics Role of genetics in type 1 diabetes Diabetes prevention Type 1 diabetes environment Type 1 diabetes twin studies Type 1 diabetes concordance Type 1 diabetes discordance

Decolourization and Mineralization of Aqueous Solution Containing C. I. Basic Blue 66 in the Presence of Titanium Dioxide

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 766-771页

作者： abdulraheem giwa Peter Obinna Nkeonye Kasali Ademola Bello Emmanuel Ggadebo Kolawole Department of Textile Science and Technology Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

Heterogeneous photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process (AOP), which can be successfully used to oxidize many organic pollutants present in aqueous systems. This research studied the photocatalytic degradation of C. I. Basic Blue 66 (BB 66) in the presence of TiO2 P-25 Degussa as a photocatalyst. The influence of various parameters, such as mass of catalyst, initial concentration of dye and pH on the degradation process was examined. The degradation of the dye followed a pseudo-first-order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model and decolourization was achieved within 80 min of light exposure. The mineralization of organic carbon was also evaluated by measuring the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of the dye solutions.

关键词： Photocatalysis Azo Dyes Titanium Dioxide

Photocatalytic Decolourization and Degradation of C. I. Basic Blue 41 Using TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanoparticles

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2012年第9期3卷 1063-1069页

作者： abdulraheem giwa Peter Obinna Nkeonye Kasali Ademola Bello Kasali Ademola Kolawole Department of Textile Science and Technology Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Nigeria

The nanophotocatalytic process using semiconducting oxides with a nanostructure is one of the technologies used for the destructive oxidation of organic compounds such as dyes. The photocatalytic oxidation of a textile dye—C. I. Basic Blue 41 (BB41) in aqueous solution was assessed by UV ray irradiation in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. The effect of initial dye concentration, pH and TiO2 loading were investigated and the optimized conditions for maximum amount of degradation were determined. Analysis of the kinetics showed pseudo-first-order model. The mineralization of the dye was reported by measuring the initial and final chemical oxygen demand of the solution that was irradiated under optimized conditions.

关键词： Nanophotocatalysis Textile Dye Wastewater TiO2 C. I. Basic Blue 41