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Spatial patterns and determinants of common root-associated fungi in a subtropical forest of China

Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第2期12卷 255-263页

作者： abdul shakoor Shan Li Fang Wang Tian Tian Yu Liang Keping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences20 NanxincunXiangshanBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichCH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Spatial patterns of fungal populations are affected by plant distribu-tion,abiotic factors,fungal dispersal ability and inter-species *** several studies have addressed spatial patterns of some mycorrhizal,saprotrophic and pathogenic fungi,the method based on fruit-body surveys is not efficient and unreliable to study the spa-tial pattern of root-associated fungal species because most fungi in plant roots do not have sporocarps and cannot be identified based only on morphological *** aims are(i)to determine the spa-tial pattern of common root-associated fungi;(ii)to evaluate whether the abundance and spatial pattern of root-associated fungi and cat-egories of fungi,reflect their biotic and abiotic niche *** About 828 soil cores were collected from a 24-ha plot in a sub-tropical forest and Illumina Miseq was carried out to determine fungal composition in root samples and spatial patterns of 1009 common fungal Operational Taxonomic Units(OTUs)were studied using point pattern ***(plant community composition)and abiotic niche constraints on the presence/abundance of a fun-gal OTU was assessed as the n-dimensional niche hypervolumes of biotic and abiotic *** Findings Our results showed that(i)most fungal OTUs were highly spa-tially aggregated at small scales(less than 30 m),but that the aggregated pattern decreased,while regular and random patterns increased,with the increasing distance;(ii)A significant positive correlation was found between fungal abundance and aggrega-tion intensity of fungal OTUs,indicating that the dominant fungi tended to be more aggregated in natural forests;(iii)Mean abun-dance and spatial aggregation intensity of ectomycorrhizal and pathogenic fungi were relatively higher than those of saprotrophic fungi,indicating that host plants may play an important role in determining spatial pattern of root-associated fungi;(iv)Spatial patterns of root-associated fungi depended o

关键词： spatial pattern fungal population subtropical forests high-throughput sequencing dispersal niche hypervolume

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Proximate composition and elemental analysis in soft tissues of freshwater mussels （Anodonta anatina） from the Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan

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Frontiers in Biology 2016年第4期11卷 331-337页

作者： Muhammad Sohail Muhammad Naeem Khan abdul shakoor Chaudhry Khurram Shahzad Department of Zoology University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan School of Agriculture_Food and Rural development Newcastle University UK

BACKGROUND： Aquatic invertebrates are playing an important role in assessment of the water contaminants and also serve as a major component of food chain. Freshwater mussels are considered to be the good bioindicator species of aquatic environment and widely used to determine the metals load. METHODS： Proximate composition and elemental analysis were carried out in edible （foot, mantle） and non-edible portion （gills） of freshwater mussels （Anodonta anatina） harvested from various site of Chashma Lake, River Indus Pakistan. RESULTS： The nutritional components were varied among the studied portion and muscular foot found to be the best part for consumption. Protein and fat contents were significantly higher in foot （15.90±0.88%, 1.19 ±0.26%） as compared to mantle （10.78±2.24%, 0.27±0.09%） and gills （6.44± 1.22%, 0.53 4-0.15%） respectively. For the macro minerals mantle had high concentration of Ca （46838±984 mg/kg）, Na （2706±343 mg/kg）, P （6921± 1063 mg/kg） and Mn （7207± 1046 mg/kg） as compared to foot. CONCLUSIONS： Heavy metals （Cd, Cu, Cr） concentration in edible portions were lower than the permissible limit by WHO whereas the concentration of Pb was slightly higher than the recommended value that might be the risk for the consumers. Being filter feeder gills accumulated the high concentration of all the metals and found to be the key portion for biomonitoring studies. Freshwater mussels of Chashma Lake Indus River are the rich source of protein and all the other micro and macro minerals therefore could be used as an excellent source of food.

关键词： proximate composition minerals metals River Indus freshwater mussel

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ESTIMATION OF VOLATILE CONSTITUENTS IN THE FISH FLESH FROM WILD AND FARMED CIRRHINA MRIGALA AND CYPRINUS CARPIO

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水生生物学报 2009年第3期33卷 484-491页

作者： Shahid Mahboob Bilal Hussain Zahid Iqbal abdul shakoor Chaudhry Department of Zoology College of ScienceKing Saud University Department of Bio-informatics GC.University School of Agriculture Food & Rural Development (SAFRD) Newcastle University

Analysis of fish meat using gas chromatography is *** is the sensation arising from the interplay of the signals of sensing smell, taste and irritating stimuli from food *** human, flavor and nutrition are *** fish, trace amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are the major compounds to affect consumer’s preference, which are produced during storage and *** the present study, volatile compounds were extracted by Likens-Nickerson concurrent distillation apparatus from wild and farmed Cirrhina mrigala and Cyprinus carpio. The quantitative and qualitative estimation of volatiles was made by gas *** and farmed fish of different fish sizes were compared for these compounds (appearing in the form of peaks), which were identified from their retention time by comparing with the *** major VOCs were found in these species which included hexadecane, 3-octanol, hexanal, decane, 3-hexene-1-ol, 2-undecanone, 2-heptanone, butanal, 2-nonanone, 1-heptanal, furaldehyde, 3-methyl-1-butanal, trans-3-hexene-1-ol, octanal and *** compounds varied qualitatively and quantitatively in both wild and farmed fish of different fish sizes.

关键词：鱼类鱼肉营养学有机物

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Phyto-Toxicity of Chromium in Maize： Oxidative Damage, Osmolyte Accumulation, Anti-Oxidative Defense and Chromium Uptake

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Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 262-273页

作者： Shakeel Ahmad ANJUM Umair ASHRAF Imran KHAN Mohsin TANVEER Muhammad SHAHID abdul shakoor WANG Longchang College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University/Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture Ministry of Education Chongqing 400716 (China) Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad 38040 (Pakistan) Department of Crop Science and Technology College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 (China) Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in South China Ministry of Agriculture Guangzhou 510642 (China) School of Land and Food University of Tasmania Hobart 7005 (Australia)

Agricultural production systems are immensely exposed to different environmental stresses in which heavy metal stress receives serious concerns. This study was conducted to explore the deleterious effects of different chromium （Cr） stress levels, i.e., O, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 μmol L^-1, on two maize genotypes, Wandan 13 and Runnong 35. Both genotypes were evaluated by measuring their growth and yield characteristics, Cr accumulation in different plant tissues, alterations in osmolyte accumulation, generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, and anti-oxidative enzyme activity to scavenge ROS. The results showed that Cr stress decreased the leaf area, cob formation, 100-grain weight, shoot fresh biomass, and yield formation, while Cr accumulation in different maize tissues was found in the order of roots 〉 leaves 〉 stem ~ seeds in both genotypes. The increased Cr toxicity resulted in higher free proline, soluble sugars and total phenolic contents, and lower soluble protein contents. However, enhanced lipid peroxidation was noticed in the forms of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance accumulation, and electrolyte leakage. The hyperactivity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, especially glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase indicated that these anti-oxidative enzymes had a central role in protecting maize from Cr toxicity, especially for Wandan 13. Moreover, higher uptake and less translocation of Cr contents into the grains of Wandan 13 implied its importance as a potential candidate against soil Cr pollution.

关键词： agronomic characteristics anti-oxidative enzyme activity Cr accumulation Cr translocation heavy metal stress reactiveoxygen species

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Geochemistry of subducted metabasites exhumed from the Mariana forearc:Implications for Pacific seamount subduction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第3期12卷 358-369页

作者： Jianghong Deng Lipeng Zhang He Liu Haiyang Liu Renqiang Liao abdul shakoor Mastoi Xiaoyong Yang Weidong Sun Center of Deep Sea Research Institute of OceanologyCenter for Ocean Mega-ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Centre for Pure and Applied Geology University of SindhJamshoro 76080Pakistan

Seamounts on the drifting oceanic crust are inevitably carried by plate motions and eventually accreted or ***,the geochemical signatures of the subducted seamounts and the significance of seamount subduction are not well *** of seamounts have subducted beneath the Philippine Sea Plate following the westward subduction of the Pacific Plate since the Eocene(~52 Ma).The subducted oceanic crust and seamount materials can be exhumed from the mantle depth to the seafloor in the Mariana forearc region by serpentinite mud volcanoes,providing exceptional opportunities to directly study the subducted oceanic crust and *** International Ocean Discovery Program(IODP)expedition 366 has recovered a few metamorphosed mafic clasts exhumed from the Mariana forearc serpentinite mud volcanoes,e.g.,the Fantangis?a and Asùt Tesoru *** mafic clasts have tholeiitic to alkaline affinities with distinct trace elements and Nd-Hf isotopes characteristics,suggesting different provenances and mantle *** tholeiites from the Fantangisna Seamount have trace element characteristics typical of mid-ocean ridge *** Pacific-type Hf-Nd isotopic compositions,combined with the greenschist metamorphism of these tholeiites further suggest that they came from the subducted Pacific oceanic *** alkali basalts-dolerites from the Fantangisna and Asùt Tesoru seamounts show ocean island basalt(OIB)-like geochemical *** OIB-like geochemical signatures and the low-grade metamorphism of these alkali basalts-dolerites suggest they came from subducted seamounts that originally formed in an intraplate setting on the Pacific *** Pacific Plate origin of these metabasites suggests they were formed in the Early Cretaceous or *** types of OIBs have been recognized from alkali metabasites,one of which is geochemically similar to the HIMU-EMI-type OIBs from the West Pacific Seamount Province,and another is similar to the EM

关键词： IODP 366 Mariana convergent margin Forearc Seamount subduction OIB

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Chemical composition and in vitro fermentation characteristics of high sugar forage sorghum as an alternative to forage maize for silage making in Tarim Basin, China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第1期15卷 175-182页

作者： ZHANG Su-jiang abdul shakoor Chaudhry Diky Ramdani Amerjan Osman GUO Xue-feng Grant Raymond Edwards Long Cheng Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology College of Animal Science Tarim University School of Agriculture Food and Rural Development Newcastle University Faculty of Animal Husbandry University Padjadjaran College of Plant Science and Technology Tarim University Faculty of Agriculture & Life Sciences Lincoln University

The chemical composition, mineral profile and in vitro fermentation characteristics of maize （MZ）, high sugar forage sorghum （HS） and forage sorghum （FS）, and silages made from each forage type were measured. The MZ and MZ silage （MZS） had higher crude protein, starch and ether extract contents than both sorghum forages and sorghum silages. HS had higher ash and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations than FS and MZ. MZ, MZS, HS and HS silage （HSS） had lower neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin than FS and FS silage （FSS）. FSS had higher dry matter （DM） and pH than MZS and HSS. HSS contained higher concentrations of P and K than FSS and MZS. MZS and HSS had higher in vitro dry matter and organic matter digestibility, CH4 production, total volatile fatty acids, acetate and propionate than FSS. pH was higher for FSS than for HSS, and ammonia was lower for HSS than for MZS and FSS. HSS had higher gas production than MZS and FSS after 2, 4, 6 and 8 h incubation. MZS had higher gas production than HSS and FSS after 26 and 28 h of incubation. The results indicate that HS may substitute for MZ to make good quality silage. However, animal studies are needed to assess the acceptability and feeding values of HSS vs. MZS for ruminant production.

关键词： high sugar forage sorghum maize silage digestibility methane gas production

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Mineralogy and element geochemistry of the Sohnari rocks of Early Eocene Laki Formation in the Southern Indus Basin,Pakistan:Implications for paleoclimate,paleoweathering and paleoredox conditions

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能源地球科学(英文) 2023年第1期4卷 143-157页

作者： Asghar A.A.D.Hakro Sajjad Ali abdul shakoor Mastoi Riaz Hussain Rajper Rizwan Sarwar Awan Muhammad Soomar Samtio Hong Xiao Xiaolin Lu Centre for Pure&Applied Geology University of SindhJamshoro76080Pakistan Xinjiang Centre for Mineral Resources Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and GeographyUrumqiXinjiang830011China College of Geosciences China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Hefei University of TechnologyHefei Anhui230009China

The Sohnari Member of the Early Eocene Laki Formation is massively deposited in the Southern Indus Basin of Pakistan and is considered a potential source rock to generate ***,the detailed paleoclimatic,paleoweathering,and depositional conditions of the Sohnari Member have not been studied *** research mainly discusses the detailed mineralogical(bulk and clay)and elemental geochemistry of the Laki Formation from two outcrop sections(Jhimpir and Lakhra)in the Southern Indus Basin,*** bulk minerals,including quartz(low),hematite,calcite,halite,gypsum,and clay minerals such as kaolinite,chlorite,smectite and illite have been discussed *** results demonstrate the paleo-environment of studied area was arid with enhanced saline and weak to strong oxidizing depositional *** chemical index of alteration(CIA)values in Jhimpir and Lakhra sections are in the ranges of 41.30-97.93 and 22.30-96.19,respectively,indicating that the Sohnari sediments experienced weak to intense chemical weathering in the source *** interpretation of the A-CN-K ternary diagram is consistent with the clay mineral contents in the studied sediments,which is characterized by the predominance of kaolinite,gibbsite and chlorite,demonstrating the weak to strong weathering state under warm and humid climatic *** chemical indices such as Sr/Ba,δU,V/Cr,Ni/Co,and Cu/Zn,U/Th and Ba/Ga show that Sohnari rocks of Early Eocene Laki Formation underwent strong evaporation,oxic water column with warm to humid and minor contact of cold climatic *** on our present data,it can be concluded that the sediments of Sohnari Member of Laki Formation from Jhimpir and Lakhra areas of Southern Indus Basin in Pakistan are related to Indio-Eurasian collision and came from the Indian shield rocks that were deposited in a brackish water body with a minor contact of the freshwater oxidizing paleo-environment depositional conditions.

关键词： Mineralogy Geochemistry Paleoclimate Sohnari Southern indus basin Lakhra

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巴基斯坦西俾路支省Chagai地区Saindak斑岩铜金矿床高锶低钇中酸性岩地球化学

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地质论评 2016年第B11期62卷 157-158页

作者： abdul shakoor MASTOI 邓江洪杨晓勇中国科学技术大学中国科学院壳幔物质与环境重点实验室合肥230026 Centre for Pure and Applied Geology University of Sindh Jamshoro 2034 Pakistan

The Chagai arc is located in southwest of Pakistan and extends into Iran and Afghanistan (Fig.1A).The border between eastern Iran and western Pakistan roughly coincides with the transition from the collisional Zagros ... 详细信息

关键词：巴基斯坦西俾路支省斑岩铜矿斑岩金矿高锶低钇中酸性岩(埃达克岩)

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Investigation of minerals, testosterone, and transaminases in the semen and serum of fertile and infertile men belongs to different age groups

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第5期3卷 574-579页

作者： Zahed Mahmood Muhammad Riaz Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir abdul shakoor Zia-ur Rahman Muhammad Usman Qamar Saeed Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan

The present study was aimed to assess the potential of infertility to induce the adverse effects with reference to testosterone, Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Amino-transferase (AST), zinc, copper and iron. All the samples were divided into four groups according to age and disorder (Group 1, 10 infertile men of 25-40 years;Group 2, 10 fertile men of 25-40 years;Group 3, 10 infertile men of 41- 60 years and Group 4, 10 fertile men of 41-60 years). Semen and blood samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry to determine minerals while, Testosterone, T3 and T4 were determined by enzyme immunoassay kits. ALT and AST were determined using standard kit assay method. The levels of testosterone and T3 and AST in the fertile semen of 41-60 years age group were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.001) as compared to that of fertile semen of 25-40 years age group. While, the level of T4 in the fertile semen of 41-60 years age group was decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.001) as compared to that of fertile semen of 25-40 years age group. In case of fertile serum, only the level of testosterone was significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the 41-60 years age group as compared to 25-40 years age group. The levels of testosterone and Cu in the infertile serum of 41-60 years age group were decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.001). While, the levels of T3, T4, ALT and Fe in the infertile serum of 41-60 years age group were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as compared to that of infertile serum of 25-40 years age group.

关键词： Semen Reproduction Infertility Minerals Testosterone Transaminases

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Evaluating the Optimum Transplanting Time for Different Coarse Rice Genotypes under Semi-Arid Conditions of Faisalabad

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第1期9卷 69-77页

作者： Muhammad Ahtisham Tahir Muhammad Ahmad Arain Saba Durrani abdul shakoor Ahtsham Bilal Nasir Ali Muhammad Ishfaq Umer Farooq Siraj Ahmed Muhammad Irfan Department of Agronomy University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Botany University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

Continuously changing climate and availability of different rice genotypes make it necessary to find optimum time of sowing as well as suitable variety for cultivation to get maximum productivity under a specific set of climatic conditions. A field study was carried out to search out the suitable rice transplanting time for four different coarse genotypes under the semi-arid environment of Faisalabad. The experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement keeping transplanting time in main plots while rice genotypes in subplots. Variability among treatments was measured by Fisher’s ANOVA (P ≤ 5%) and LSD test was applied to compare the differences among treatments’ means. The ANOVA indicated statistically significant differences among genotypes as well as transplanting dates irrespective of all studied traits while interactive effects of both were found to be non-significant. NIBGE-1 performed best with maximum paddy yield of 6.05 t/ha while KSK-434 performed poor with paddy yield of 2.78 t/ha. Increased paddy yield and yield related parameters of all rice genotypes were recorded where transplantation was done on 25th of June. Generally, paddy yield decreased with delaying the transplanting time. The results suggested that NIBGE-1 can perform better under the semi-arid conditions of Faisalabad and last week of June might be the optimum time for nursery transplantation. It can also be further elucidated that late transplanting causes yield reduction which could not be recommended among farmers.

关键词： Coarse Rice Genotypes Transplanting Time Paddy Yield Semi-Arid

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