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Impact of rangeland enclosure and seasonal grazing on protected and unprotected rangelands in Chakwal region, Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 46-57页

作者： ISLAM Muhammad razzaq abdul ZUBAIR Muhammad HASSAN Sawsan AHMAD Sarfraz GUL Shamim RISCHKOWSKY Barbara LOUHAICHI Mounir International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) South AsiaIslamabad 44050Pakistan Animal Science Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan Department of Forestry and Range Management Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 66000Pakistan International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Amman 11185Jordan Natural Resource Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan Botany Department University of Balochistan Quetta 87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill UniversityQuebec H9X3V9Canada International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) SSAILRI campusAddis Ababa 5689Ethiopia International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Tunis 1004Tunisia

Scrub rangelands support livestock grazing and provide ecosystem services to their inhabitants. The present study was conducted in Chakwal, an important tract of the Pothwar Plateau,which sustains herds of small domestic and nomadic ruminants. Urbanization and uncontrolled grazing practices have reduced rangeland productivity and increased soil erosion and resulted in poor land conditions. This study assessed the influence of two years of rangeland protection on aboveground vegetation biomass and the chemical composition of plants and aimed to determine the influence of seasonal grazing on the live-weight gain of small *** the line intercept method, vegetation data from protected and unprotected plots in 2015 and 2016 were collected at two sites, Dhulli and *** cover was assessed from images using VegMeasure. Results showed that protected study sites displayed higher vegetation biomass(834 and 690 kg ha^(-1)) compared to the unprotected study site(477 and 326 kg ha^(-1)) during April and August of both years. In the seasonal grazing trial, the experimental ewes that grazed on protected rangelands showed higher live-weight gain(33–63 g day^(-1)) compared to live weight of ewes(17–21 g day^(-1)) that grazed on unprotected rangelands during the experimental period of 127 days at both sites. The results suggest that the Chakwal rangeland has tremendous potential to improve vegetation productivity but modern livestock management and seasonal grazing practices are needed to improve carrying capacity and livestock productivity.

关键词： Seasonal grazing Climate change Productivity Rangeland Protected area

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Influence of rangeland protection and seasonal grazing on aboveground vegetation,forage quality and weight gain of small ruminants–a study in Thar Desert,Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第2期20卷 403-414页

作者： ISLAM Muhammad razzaq abdul HASSAN Sawsan ZUBAIR Muhammad KALROO Muhammad Waseem KHAN Attaullah GUL Shamim AHMAD Sarfraz RISCHKOWSKY Barbara Ann LOUHAICHI Mounir International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) South AsiaIslamabad 44050Pakistan Animal Science Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Amman 11185Jordan Department of Forestry and Range Management Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 66000Pakistan PARC-Arid Zone Research Institute Umerkot 69100Pakistan Department of Botany University of BalochistanQuetta 87300Pakistan Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill UniversityQuebec H9X3V9Canada Natural Resource Division Pakistan Agricultural Research CouncilIslamabad 44050Pakistan International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) SSAILRI campusAddis Ababa 5689Ethiopia International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas(ICARDA) Tunis 1004Tunisia

The Thar Desert,Sindh,Pakistan is characterized by low ***,economy is based on agriculture,livestock and mining,nevertheless,livestock graze freely on public and private *** aim of this research was to determine biomass production and to evaluate the effects of continuous and seasonal grazing on protected and unprotected plots.A 45 ha protected rangeland area of Hurrabad in the Umerkot Thar desert was selected and divided into three blocks of 15 ha *** of the same size were also established in unprotected *** data for vegetation biomass,canopy cover,forage nutrients and weight gain of animals in two seasons(spring and summer)was collected from both protected and unprotected *** results showed that biomass significantly increased in summer in both ***,the biomass values in protected sites were significantly ***,the vegetation cover also seemed to increase in summer in both protected(90.7%±0.29%)and unprotected sites(39.2%±0.09%).The foliar concentrations of all nutrients varied significantly with *** average final live-weight gain for does on the protected grazing sites during the 42-day period in spring and the 96 days after the monsoon was almost double that of does grazing on the unprotected site during 2016 and 2017(P<0.05).The study concludes that the protection of grazing lands during certain periods can lead to better production of vegetation and livestock and improve range conditions.

关键词： Rangeland productivity Seasonal grazing Stocking rate Thar Desert Vegetation quality

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Indoor smart farming by inducing artificial climate for high value-added crops in optimal duration

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第3期16卷 240-246页

作者： Attique ur Rehman abdul razzaq Adnan Altaf Salman Qadri Aamir Hussain Ali Nawaz Khan Tausif-ur-Rehman Zaid Sarfraz Department of Computer Science Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Agriculture University Multan 66000Pakistan Department of Information Technology The Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 63100Pakistan

The global population is increasing rapidly as compared to food production;approximately three times more food would be required in *** change affects crop production by causing sudden changes in weather conditions,including rain,storms,heat waves,doughiness,and water *** with smart technology provides a productive *** farming is a productive solution that provides a great resource of income and improves the countries’economy by exporting consumable goods and preventing food security *** agriculture provides a combination of flexibility,remote access,and automation through the use of intelligent control *** countries are working towards smart and intelligent agriculture farming that analyzes crop,soil fertility,pests and weeds,and other problems caused by mismanagement and ***,smart agricultural farming is less widely adopted in agriculture as a result of high costs and little understanding of *** this study,An artificial climate control chamber(ACCC)was designed for cultivating plants by controlling the optimal parameters,especially the light *** ACCC,influential plant factors such as light,moisture,humidity,and fertilizer concentration have been controlled *** spectrum was controlled by time periods in the previous system,while in the system proposed in this study,the light was controlled by image *** an artificial control chamber,the plant growth stages have been determined through image processing *** of image images have been used to organize specific intensities of the light *** intelligent system provides aid in the speed breeding procedure through variant spectrums of light and fertilizers *** the research study,the yield and quality of intelligent farming are enhanced.

关键词： indoor smart farming artificial climate high value-added crops optimal duration light spectrum image processing

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Effect of Different Etching Time on Fabrication of an Optoelectronic Device Based on GaN/Psi

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第3期11卷 1101-1122页

作者： Haneen D.Jabbar Makram A.Fakhri Mohammed Jalal abdul razzaq Omar S.Dahham Evan T.Salim Forat H.Alsultany U.Hashim Laser and Optoelectronic Engineering Department University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringCihan University-ErbilKurdistan RegionIraq Department of Petroleum and Gas Refinery Engineering Al-Farabi University CollageBaghdadIraq Applied Science Department University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq Department of Medical Physics Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeBabylonIraq Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering University Malaysia PerlisKangarPerlisMalaysia

Gallium nitride(GaN)/porous silicon(PSi)film was prepared using a pulsed laser deposition method and 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser for optoelectronic applications and a series of Psi substrates were fabricated using a photoelectrochemical etching method assisted by laser at different etching times for 2.5–15 min at 2.5 min intervals.X-ray diffraction,room-temperature photoluminescence,atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy images,and electrical characteristics in the prepared GaN on the Psi film were *** optimum Psi substrate was obtained under the following conditions:10 min,10 mA/cm^(2),and 24%hydrofluoric *** substrate exhibited two highly cubic crystalline structures at(200)and(400)orientations and yellow visible band photoluminescence,and homogeneous pores formed over the entire *** pores had steep oval shapes and were accompanied by small dark pores that appeared topographically and *** GaN/Psi film fabricated through PLD exhibited a high and hexagonal crystallographic texture in the(002)*** properties results revealed that the photoluminescence emission of the deposited nano-GaN films was in the ultraviolet band(374 nm)related to GaN material and in the near-infrared band(730 nm)related to the Psi *** topographical and morphological results of the GaN films confirmed that the deposited film contained spherical grains with an average diameter of 51.8 nm and surface roughness of 4.8 *** GaN/Psi surface showed a cauliflower-like morphology,and the built-in voltage decreased from 3.4 to 2.7 eV after *** fabricated GaN/Psi film exhibited good electrical characteristics.

关键词： Gallium nitride porous silicon photoelectrochemical etching pulsed laser deposition optical device

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Radionuclide concentrations in sand samples from riverbanks of Muzaffarabad,Azad Kashmir

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2018年第7期29卷 103-115页

作者： abdul razzaq Khan Muhammad Rafique abdul Jabbar Saeed Ur Rahman Muhammad Ikram Shahzad Muhammad Ejaiz Khan Mulaika Yasin Department of Physics University of Azad Jammu andKashmir MuzaffarbadAzad Kashmir 13100Pakistan Health Physics Division Pakistan Institute of NuclearScience and Engineering(PINSTECH)NiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan Department of Medical Physics Nuclear MedicineOncologyand Radiotherapy InstituteIslamabadPakistan Physics Division Directorate of SciencePINSTECHP.O.NiloreIslamabad 45650Pakistan

This paper presents the results of a radiological risk assessment arising from the presence of naturally occurring radionuclides in sand samples from three riverbanks in *** mean values obtained for 232 Th,226 Ra,and 40 K were found to be 44.58 ± 3.34,48.25 ± 1.77,and 239.92 ± 22.73 Bq kg^(-1),*** assess the uniformity of exposure,the radium equivalent activity(Raeq) was calculated and was found to be130.47 ± 8.29 Bqkg^(-1).The current reported value for Raeqis lower than the maximum permissible value,that is,370 Bq kg^(-1),and equivalent to a gamma dose of1.5 m Svy^(-1).To investigate the possible contribution to health risks of alpha particle exposure,the radon exhalation rate(RER) from the sand samples was *** mean RER for all the samples was found to be335 m Bq m-^(2) h^(-1).About 43% of the samples were found to have an indoor excess lifetime cancer risk value slightly higher than recommended safety limit of 1,as proposed by the ICRP.A normalized parameter,the equivalent multiplicative factor,was defined and used to compare the current results with the findings of studies performed in other *** findings are relevant to both human health and future environmental radiation monitoring.

关键词：放射性核种样品克什米尔河岸风险评价调查结果 226Ra gamma

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Text Sentiment Analysis Using Frequency-Based Vigorous Features

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China Communications 2019年第12期16卷 145-153页

作者： abdul razzaq Muhammad Asim Zulqrnain Ali Salman Qadri Imran Mumtaz Dost Muhammad Khan Qasim Niaz Department of Computer Science MNS-University of AgricultureMultan60600Pakistan University of Management and Technology(UMT) Lahore54000Pakistan NFC Institute of Engineering&Technology Multan60600Pakistan Department of CS&IT The Islamia University of Bahawalpur63100Pakistan Computer Science Department University of AgricultureFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Computer Science Institute of Southern PunjabMultan60600Pakistan

Sentiment Analysis, an un-abating research area in text mining, requires a computational method for extracting useful information from text. In recent days, social media has become a really rich source to get information about the behavioral state of people(opinion) through reviews and comments. Numerous techniques have been aimed to analyze the sentiment of the text, however, they were unable to come up to the complexity of the sentiments. The complexity requires novel approach for deep analysis of sentiments for more accurate prediction. This research presents a three-step Sentiment Analysis and Prediction(SAP) solution of Text Trend through K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN). At first, sentences are transformed into tokens and stop words are removed. Secondly, polarity of the sentence, paragraph and text is calculated through contributing weighted words, intensity clauses and sentiment shifters. The resulting features extracted in this step played significant role to improve the results. Finally, the trend of the input text has been predicted using KNN classifier based on extracted features. The training and testing of the model has been performed on publically available datasets of twitter and movie reviews. Experiments results illustrated the satisfactory improvement as compared to existing solutions. In addition, GUI(Hello World) based text analysis framework has been designed to perform the text analytics.

关键词： text mining sentiment analysis sentiment shifters KNN

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Polyacrylonitrile-based gel polymer electrolyte filled with Prussian blue forhigh-performance lithium polymer batteries

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2021年第2期32卷 890-894页

作者： Xietao Yuan Amir abdul razzaq Yujie Chen Yuebin Lian Xiaohui Zhao Yang Peng Zhao Deng Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations College of EnergySoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

Lithium polymer batteries(LPBs) rely on a high ion transport to gain improved cell *** and porous gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties in electrolyte wettability and ionic *** this work,iron-nickel-cobalt trimetal Prussian blue analogue(PBA) nanocubes are filled into the electro spun polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based membranes to generate GPE composites with morphological superiority consisting of fine fibers and interconnected *** thus obtained PBA@PAN fibrous membrane showcases good thermal stability,high porosity and electrolyte uptake,as well as a peak io nic conductivity of 2.7 mS/cm with the addition of 10% PBA,Consequently,the assembled lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO_(4)) battery using PBA@PAN-10 as the GPE delivers a high capacity of 152.2 mAh/g at 0.2 C and an ultralow capacity decay of0.09% per cycle in a long-te rm cycle life of 350 cycles at 1 C,endorsing its promising applications in LPBs.

关键词： Prussian blue analogue Gel polymer electrolyte Ionic conductivity Thermal stability Lithium polymer batteries

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A Metaheuristic Approach to Optimize European Call Function with Boundary Conditions

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Journal of Systems Science and Information 2018年第3期9卷 260-268页

作者： Najeeb Alam KHAN Oyoon abdul razzaq Tooba HAMEED Department of Mathematics University of Karachi Department of Humanities & Natural Sciences Bahria University

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pricing European call option valuation problems under the exercise price,maturity,risk-free interest rate,and the volatility function. An advance methodology,Chebyshev simulated annealing neural network(Ch SANN),is enforced for the Black-Scholes(B-S) model with boundary conditions. Our scheme is stable and easy to implement on B-S equation,for arbitrary volatility and arbitrary interest rate values. Also,the comparative results demonstrate that the attained approximate solutions are converging towards the exact solution. The graphical results show that the increasing flow of the European call option as the exponential increase takes place in assets. The presented algorithm can be further applied to other financial models with certain boundary conditions. The algorithm of the method shows that the approach can also be easily employed on time-fractional B-S equation.

关键词： neural network numerical approximation Chebyshev polynomials

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Cotton germplasm improvement and progress in Pakistan

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Journal of Cotton Research 2021年第1期4卷 76-89页

作者： razzaq abdul ZAFAR Muhammad Mubashar ALI Arfan HAFEEZ abdul BATOOL Wajeeha SHI Yuzhen GONG Wankui YUAN Youlu State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology/Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Cotton ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceAnyang 455000HenanChina Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology The University of LahoreLahorePakistan FB Genetics Four Brothers Group LahorePakistan.

Cotton(Gossypium spp.)contributes significantly to the economy of cotton-producing *** is the fourth-largest producer of cotton after China,the USA and *** average yield of cotton is about 570.99 ***^(−2) in *** change and different biotic stresses are causing reduction in cotton *** approaches have unique advantage to tackle all these ***,how to confer permanent resistance in cotton against insects through genetic modification,is still a big challenge to *** of transgenic cotton has been proven to be *** its effectiveness depends upon several factors,including heterogeneity,seed purity,diffusion of varieties,backcrossing and ethical *** biotechnology was initiated in Pakistan in 1992–1993 with a focus on acquiring cotton leaf curl virus(CLCuV)-resistant insect-resistant,and improving fiber *** review summarizes the use of molecular markers,QTLs,GWAS,and gene cloning for cotton germplasm improvement,particularly in Pakistan.

关键词： Genetic progress Bt Cotton GWAS Cotton biology Cotton economy Molecular markers

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Cobalt coordination with pyridines in sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathodes to form conductive pathways and catalytic M-N4S sites for accelerated Li-S kinetics

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第10期30卷 170-178,I0005页

作者： Amir abdul razzaq Ganwen Chen Xiaohui Zhao Xietao Yuan Jiapeng Hu Ziwei Li Yufeng Chen Jiabin Xu Rahim Shah Jun Zhong Yang Peng Zhao Deng Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations College of EnergySoochow UniversitySuzhou 215006JiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006JiangsuChina Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory(FUNSOM) Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials&DevicesSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123JiangsuChina School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054SichuanChina

Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)represents a unique class of cathode material for lithium sulfur(Li-S)batteries as it eradicates the polysulfides shuttling issue in carbonate-based ***,due to the essential chemical S-linking and organic nature of SPAN,the active mass percentage and rate capability are two bottleneck issues preventing its ultimate deployment outside of *** the current work,aiming to endow both the charge conductivity and catalytic activity to SPAN for maximizing the redox kinetics of S conversion,a freestanding nanofibrous SPAN cathode embedding conductive CNTs and atomically dispersed Co centers is fabricated via multivariate *** the CNTs enable dramatically enhancing the fiber conductivity and generating mesoscopic porosity for facilitating charge and mass transportation,the cross-linking of SPAN by Co-N_(4) S motifs creates extra charge conduction pathways and further serves as the catalytic active sites for expediting redox S *** a result,an extraordinary Li-SPAN performance is achieved with a high specific capacity up to 1856 mAh g^(-1)@0.2 C,a superb rate capability up to 10 C,and an ultra-long battery life up to 1500 cycles@1 ***,our study here provides insights into the adoption of coordination chemistry to maximize the sulfur utilization by ensuring a more complete redox conversion from SPAN to Li2 S,and vice versa.

关键词： Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile Electrospinning Cobalt Coordination chemistry Lithium sulfur batteries

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