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Is the Sundarbans of Bangladesh in a State of Pollution?

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Open Journal of Forestry 2024年第1期14卷 19-41页

作者： Mahmood Hossain Chameli Saha Sanjoy Saha Hawlader Mohammed Nurul Islam Mushfiq Ahmed Tanvir Ahmed abdul Halim Farhad Sikder Md. Mutasim Billah Forestry and wood Technology Discipline Khulna University Khulna Bangladesh Institute for Integrated Studies on the Sundarbans and Coastal Ecosystems (IISSCE) Khulna University Khulna Bangla-desh Ecology Forestry and Biodiversity Division Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) Dhaka Bangladesh

The Sundarbans is the world’s most extensive natural mangrove forest and home to various natural resources. The population in the vicinity has increased, causing more dependency on the resources of the Sundarbans. The increasing industrialization, urbanization, aquaculture, intensive agricultural practices, seaports, tourism facilities, and so on in the peripheral areas of the Sundarbans have made significant changes in the surrounding and upstream land uses of the Sundarbans. This situation may have detrimental influences on the ecosystem components of the Sundarbans. Therefore, it is highly demanded to prepare a piece of baseline information or database of different sources of pollution and their present status in the various components of the Sundarbans. This effort helps to identify issues and concerns, determine the key elements of the ecosystem to monitor the level or overall quality of the Sundarbans ecosystem. The present study systematically collects the potential sources of pollution, types, and current levels in the ecosystem components of the Sundarbans using academic databases, libraries, and online resources. Discharge of industrial waste into water, soil and air, heavy metal pollution, use of agrochemicals, oil (refined and crude) pollution, plastic materials from urban areas, and tourism are the major issues and concerns related to the sustainability of the Sundarbans ecosystem. The air quality of the Sundarbans is in good condition with 0 - 50 AQI of Bangladesh. While BOD, COD, TDS, TSS varied from 2.0 to 3.8 mg/L, 21.6 to 416 mg/L, 146.9 to 24,100 mg/L and 54 to 155 mg/L, respectively. Soil EC, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus ranged from 3.01 - 5.82 mS/cm, 1.41% - 2.69%, 0.51 - 1.05 mg/g, and 0.32 - 0.51 mg/g respectively. The air, water and soil quality parameters varied with the sites and seasons and not much at the state of contamination. Indeed, we must pay much attention to the Sundarbans’ air, water and soil quality with

关键词： Ecosystem Mangroves Monitoring Pollution Soil Sundarbans

Potential role of killer immunoglobulin receptor genes among individuals vaccinated against hepatitis B virus in Lebanon

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第29期8卷 1212-1221页

作者： Nada M Melhem Rami A Mahfouz Khalil Kreidieh Rabab abdul-khalik Rolla El-Khatib Reem Talhouk Umayya Musharrafieh Ghassan Hamadeh Medical Laboratory Sciences Program Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Department of Health Management and Policy Faculty of Health Sciences American University of Beirut Department of Family Medicine Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut

AIM To explore the role of killer immunoglobulin receptor(KIR) genes in responsiveness or non-responsiveness to vaccination against hepatitis B *** We recruited 101 voluntary participants between March 2010 and December 2011. Sera samples from vaccinated and non-vaccinated participants were tested for the presence of anti-HBs antibodies as a measure of protection against hepatitis B, hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antibody as indicators ofinfection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. KIR gene frequencies were determined by polymerase chain *** Sera samples from 99 participants were tested for the levels of anti-HBs as an indicator of protection(≥ 10 mI U/ml) following vaccination as defined by the World Health Organization international reference standard. Among the vaccinated participants, 47%(35/74) had anti-HBs titers above 100 mI U/ml, 22%(16/74) had antiHBs ranging between 10-100 mI U/ml, and 20%(15/74) had values of less than 10 mI U/ml. We report the lack of significant association between the number of vaccine dosages and the titer of antibodies among our vaccinated participants. The inhibitory KIR2Dl1, KIR2Dl4, KIR3Dl1, KIR3Dl2, and KIR3 Dl were detected in more than 95%, whereas KIR2Dl2, KIR2Dl3, KIR2Dl5(KR2Dl5A and KIR2Dl5B) were expressed in 56%, 84% and 42%(25% and 29%) of participants, respectively. The observed frequency of the activating KIR genes ranged between 35% and 55% except for KIR2DS4, detected in 95% of the study participants(40.6% 2DS4*001/002; 82.2% 2DS4*003/007). KIR2DP1 pseudogene was detected in 99% of our participants, whereas KIR3DP*001/02/04 and KIR3DP1*003 had frequencies of 17% and 100%, respectively. No association between the frequency of KIR genes and anti-HBs antibodies was detected. When we compared the frequency of KIR genes between vaccinated individuals with protective antibodies titers and those who lost their protective antibody levels, we did not detect a significant difference.

关键词：肝炎 B 病毒漂亮免疫球蛋白受体肝炎 B 疫苗黎巴嫩自然漂亮房间

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Type-2 Fuzzy Point

Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第12期7卷 3067-3072页

作者： Mohammed Salih Mahdy Hussan Munir abdul khalik Al-Khafaji Department of Mathematics College of Education AL-Mustinsiryah University Baghdad Iraq

The important role of the concept of type-2 fuzzy point in the formation of type-2 fuzzy open sets such as type-2 fuzzy δ≈-closed?set this important role make the main objective of this paper is to introduce the concept type-2 fuzzy point of type-2 fuzzy set an important definitions in the composition of this concept as α≈-plane?and the support of type-2 fuzzy set after preliminaries we present the definition of type-1 fuzzy set (fuzzy set) and fuzzy point and the special concepts that helped to configure them as support.

关键词： Type-1 fuzzy set Type-2 fuzzy set α≈-plane fuzzy point Type-2 fuzzy point.

General Type-2 Fuzzy Topological Spaces

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Advances in Pure Mathematics 2018年第9期8卷 771-781页

作者： Munir abdul khalik AL-Khafaji Mohammed Salih Mahdy Hussan Department of Mathematics College of Education AL-Mustinsiryah University Baghdad Iraq

In this paper, a presented definition of type-2 fuzzy sets and type-2 fuzzy set operation on it was given. The aim of this work was to introduce the concept of general topological spaces were extended in type-2 fuzzy sets with the structural properties such as open sets, closed sets, interior, closure and neighborhoods in topological spaces were extended to general type-2 fuzzy topological spaces and many related theorems are proved.

关键词： Type-2 Fuzzy Set Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Topological Space General Type-2 Fuzzy Topological Spaces Type-2 Fuzzy Open Sets Type-2 Fuzzy Closed Sets Type-2 Fuzzy Interior Type-2 Fuzzy Closure Neighborhood of a Type-2 Fuzzy Set

Effects of Planting Density of Rubber Tree Clone(RRIM 2020 Clone and RRIM 2025 Clone)wood to Particleboard Properties

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第7期10卷 1951-1960页

作者： Juliana abdul Halip Syeed SaifulAzry Osman Al-Edrus Seng Hua Lee Paridah Md Tahir Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus Mohd Sapuan Salit Ahmad Ilyas Rushdan Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products(INTROP) Universiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)Serdang43400Malaysia Faculty of Technology Management and Business Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia(UTHM)Parit Raja86400Malaysia Department of wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Bandar Tun Abdul RazakJengkaPahang26400Malaysia School of Chemical and Energy Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor Bahru81310Malaysia Centre for Advanced Composite Materials Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaJohor Bahru81310Malaysia

The depletion of log resources encourages research into alternative ways to sustain the wood ***,the 4-year-old Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia(RRIM)clones series,RRIM 2020 and RRIM 2025,were chosen as potential raw materials for particleboard in this *** purpose of this study was to assess the effects of planting density and rubber tree clones on the mechanical and physical properties of single-layer *** planting densities used were low,moderate-low,moderate-high,and high,representing 500,1000,1500,and 2000 trees/ha,*** to manufacturing,the RRIM 2000 series clone trees were harvested,cut,chipped,flaked,and *** mechanical and physical properties were evaluated in accordance with the Japanese Industrial Standard(JIS A 5908-2003).The findings revealed that both planting density and clone had a significant impact on the mechanical and physical properties of particleboard with a thickness of 10 mm and a density of 700 kg/*** 2020 specimens with low planting density had superior modulus of elasticity(MOE),modulus of rupture(MOR),and internal bonding(IB)values of 2415,19,and 1.7 MPa,***,moderate-low planting density demonstrated the lowest thickness swelling(TS)and water absorption(WA)values and was comparable to control particleboard from commercial clone Prang Besar(PB),*** terms of rubber clones,RRIM 2020 particleboard met the minimum requirements of the JIS standard for mechanical properties and outperformed RRIM *** study recommended a low planting density of 500 trees/ha and the RRIM 2020 clone as a suitable raw material for particleboard manufacturing with a ten percent urea formaldehyde resin content.

关键词： Rubberwood RRIM 2020 RRIM 2025 mechanical physical urea formaldehyde

Modification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch and Sugarcane Bagasse Biomass as Potential Reinforcement for Composites Panel and Thermal Insulation Materials

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第1期16卷 175-188页

作者： Nor Azlina Ramlee Mohammad Jawaid Edi Syams Zainudin Shaikh abdul Karim Yamani Department of Biocomposite Laboratory Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP)Universiti Putra Malaysia 43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Putra Malaysia 43400 SerdangSelangorMalaysia Faculty of Applied Science wood Industry Universiti Teknologi MARA Campus of Jengka 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak JengkaPahangMalaysia

This paper focuses on the study of the effect of modification of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch(OPEFB)and sugarcane bagasse(SCB)biomass as potential reinforcement for composites panel and thermal *** fibres were treated with three types of chemicals:2%silane,4%H2O2 and 4%H2O2-2%silane for 3 *** influence of modified fibres content in composites was examined by structural changes using image analyser,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR),Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),tensile,interracial shear strength(IFSS)and thermal *** diameter of both fibres was reduced after treatment and showed decreasing of lignin and hemi-cellulose in *** strength has been increased by 2%silane treatment for both fibres and 4%H2O2 treatment displays higher result for *** properties of treated SCB fibre with silane display higher residual content and better thermal *** charac-terization showed that 2%silane treatment removed silica bodies of OPEFB fibre while 4%H2O2 treatment uniformly filled porosity of SCB ***,results revealed that treated OPEFB fibre is enough to improve compatibility and mechanical properties,while treated SCB fibre was effective in thermal stability for fabrication of composite materials.

关键词： oil palm empty fruit bunch sugarcane bagasse fibre treatment tensile properties thermal properties interracial shear strength

Moving particle semi-implicit simulation on the molten wood's metal downward relocation process

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第8期32卷 110-121页

作者： Anni Nuril Hidayati abdul Waris Asril Pramutadi Andi Mustari Dwi Irwanto Nur Asiah Aprianti Department Faculty of Mathematics and Natural ScienceInstitut Teknologi BandungJalan Ganesha 10Bandung 40132Indonesia Nuclear Physics and Biophysics Research Division Physics DepartmentFaculty of Mathematics and Natural ScienceInstitut Teknologi BandungJalan Ganesha 10Bandung 40132Indonesia

In the case of a severe accident involving nuclear reactors,an important aspect that should be considered is the leakage of molten material from the inside of the reactor into the *** molten materials damage other reactor components,such as electrical tubes,grid plates and core *** this study,the moving particle semi-implicit(MPS)method is adopted and improved to analyze the twodimensional downward relocation process of molten wood’s metal as a representation of molten material in a nuclear *** molten material impinges the wood’s metal plate(WMP),which is mounted on a rigid dummy stainless steel in a cylindrical test *** breaching process occurs because of heat transfer between the molten material and *** formed breach areas were in good agreement with the experimental results,and they showed that the molten wood’s metal spread above the *** solid WMP fraction decreased with time until it reached the termination time of the *** present results show that the MPS method can be applied to simulate and analyze the downward relocation process of molten material in the grid plate of a nuclear reactor.

关键词： Heat transfer Moving particle semi-implicit Phase change Relocation Severe accident

Marine mycoflora of south India with special emphasis on Lignicolous Marine Fungi

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Frontiers in Biology 2009年第4期4卷 436-441页

作者： Gayatri RNAMBIAR K.RAVEENDRAN Cheruth abdul JALEEL Department of P.G.Studies and Research in Botany Sir Syed CollegeTaliparambaKeralaIndia Stress Physiology Lab Department of BotanyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagar 608002India

A study dealing with the marine fungi associated with decaying wood samples in the brackish water mangrove ecosystem and shoreline ecosystem was carried out in south India.A total of 19 marine fungi were isolated from the brackish water mangrove *** included 13 Ascomycetes,one Basidiomycete and five Mitosporic *** terms of percent frequency of occurrence,the most frequent species obtained from the brackishwater were the Lignincola longirostris(16.60%)and Savoryella lignicola(12.09%).Nine species were found *** species were occasionally *** mangrovei,Aniptodera mangrovei and Halosarpheia marina were the rare species *** average number of isolates per wood sample was 1.53.A total of 27 marine fungi including 15 ascomycetes,one basidiomycete and ten mitosporic fungi were recorded from the shoreline *** terms of percent frequency of occurrence,the most frequent species obtained from Kanyakumari were the Arenariomyces trifurcates(13.66%),Corollospora maritima(12.44%),and Cirrenalia pygmea(10.98%).Seven species were found *** species were occasionally *** species were found to be rare in *** average number of isolates per wood sample was 1.21.

关键词： wood materials shoreline ecosystem brack-ish water mangroves lignicolous marine fungi

Seed germination of Albizia procera(Roxb.)*** Bangladesh:a basis for seed source variation and pre-sowing treatment effect

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第2期14卷 124-130页

作者： Md.Salim AZAD Rajib Kumar BISWAS abdul MATIN Forestry and wood Technology Discipline Khulna University

An experiment in seed morphology and seed germination techniques of Albizia procera was carried out in the nursery of the Forestry and wood Technology Discipline, Khulna University, Bangladesh in order to discover the source variation in seeds and pre-sowing treatment effects on seed germination. Mature seeds ofA. procera were collected from healthy trees in home garden plan- tations from five different districts in Bangladesh and treated with four pre-sowing treatments, i.e., control, immersion in cold water （4~C for 24 h） and immersion in hot water （80~C for 10 min and 100~C for 1 min）. The average length, width and thickness of seeds were calculated as 0.502 ＋ 0.485, 0.420 ~ 0.060 and 0.191 ~ 0.118 cm, respectively. Germination was conducted in poly-bags with a mixture of topsoil and cow dung in a ratio of 3：1. The results revealed that pre-sowing treatments affected the rate of germination of seeds, which significantly increased the germination percentages of seeds in hot water treatments compared with those in control （60.60%） and the cold water treatment （4℃ for 24 h, 63.53%）. The highest germination success was 82.07% in the treatment of im- mersion in hot water （80℃） for 10 min, followed by 79.00% in immersion in hot water （100℃） for l rain. Germination started 4 to 6 days after seed sowing and completed in a period of 22 to 25 days in all treatments. ANOVAs showed statistically significant dif- ferences （p 〈 0.05） in seed germination starting dates, closing dates, germination percentages and rates of germination among treat- ments, but no significant differences in seed germination starting dates, closing dates, germination period, germination percentages and rates of germination among the seed sources. The study also revealed that the interaction between seed source variation and treat- ment effect significantly differed in seed germination starting dates, closing dates, germination percentages and rates of germination. The hot water （100℃ for 1min） treatm

关键词： seed dormancy provenance variation germination techniques water treatment small-scale nursery owners