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Impact of Smart Valley on Soil Moisture Content and Rice Yield in Some Lowlands in Burkina Faso

Agricultural Sciences 2020年第9期11卷 860-868页

作者： Bama Nati Aïssata Delphine Dossou Yovo Elliott Gbané Mahanat Vanessa Gnépi Elvire Soulama Issa Ibrahima ouedraogo Adama ouédraogo Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles Département de Production Végétale INERA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice) Cotonou Benin Institut International d’Ingénierie de l’Eau et de l’Environnement Laboratoire Eaux Hydro-Systèmes et Agriculture Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Agricole Polyvalent de Martourkou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

To reduce the impact of rainfall variability on lowland rice yields, Burkina Faso state develops lowlands for small rice farmers. However, the high cost of these infrastructures makes impossible to duplicate them to satisfy the needs which are enormous. The Smart-Valley technology which is actually popularized in certain coastal countries of West Africa would therefore be a boon to increase the productivity of the Sudanese lowlands if it well regulates runoff. The object of this study was therefore to know if smart valley technology could increase soil moisture in order to mitigate the impact of drought’s pockets on rice cultivation in the Sudanese lowlands. The experiment takes place in three lowlands during the rainy seasons 2018 and 2019. The climatic data comes from the meteorological stations in the study areas as well as those installed on the sites. The infiltration measurements were carried out using the double Muntz ring. The soil moisture measurement device consisted of a smart valley area of 5 ha and an undeveloped area of 5 ha per site. Sixteen tubes were installed per lowland allowing the humidity to be measured at a depth of 10, 20, 30, 40 cm using a probe. Four rice varieties, Orylux6, FKR62N, FKR19 and FKR64 were tested on plots of 0.25 ha per variety in the smart valley and undeveloped parts. The results showed that the humidity level was 12% higher in the smart-valley plots throughout the cycle compared to the unmanaged area. In addition, humidity decreases rapidly in unmanaged plots as rain becomes increasingly scarce. Finally, the smart-valley development allowed an average increase in rice yields of 21% compared to the average yield of undeveloped plots.

关键词： Smart Valley Soil Moisture Lowland Development Rice Productivity Rain

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Renewable Energies in Africa, Context and Socio-Economic Challenge

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第11期12卷 1856-1872页

作者： Daouda oubda Soumaïla ouédraogo Alain Diasso Marcel Bawindsom Kébré François Zougmoré Zacharie Koalga Frédéric ouattara LA.M.E (Laboratoire de Matériaux et Environnement) UFR-SEA (Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquées) Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso LA.R.E.M.E (Laboratoire de Recherche en Energétique et Météorologie de l’Espace) Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso

In this paper, we have shown that Africa has an enormous wealth of renewable energy resources among the most important in the world such as the strong sunshine, Congo and Nile Rivers respectively among the most powerful and the longest in the world. We have underlined the presence of important forests, rich subsoil in mineral elements, and strong winds. In addition to a rapidly growing human capital, Africa, therefore, has at its disposal all the factors enabling it to initiate sustainable and inclusive socio-economic development. We have shown that the transformation of these renewable energies is an opportunity for Africa to reach its socio-economic challenges. The development of renewable energies in Africa will be a source of many financial benefits and advantages both in terms of improving living conditions and carrying out activities. The electrical supply of rural areas of Africa represents a considerable issue, which can be a propellant factor in long-term socio-economic development if the conditions of use of clean fuel and cooking technologies, especially sanitary are taken into account. The provision of modern energy services can contribute to the creation of jobs for young people upstream. Among other things, we can note the development of local skills, the creation of income-generating activities, and the improvement of hygiene and health measures which are necessary conditions for family and social well-being. This requires a policy focused, on research in general and in particular on semiconductors that participate in the transformation of photovoltaic solar energy. We have stressed that Africa which is currently experiencing a period of economic growth and sustained transformation must be very looking at in its energy policy and give pride of place to renewable energies to initiate sustainable socio-economic development, equitable and inclusive different social strata both in rural areas and urban areas.

关键词： Africa Renewable Energy Photovoltaic Solar Energy Semiconductor Socio-Economic Urban Area Rural Area

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Insight from Lithostructural and Aeromagnetic Data from the Léo Square Degree, Central-Western Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 19-28页

作者： Adama ouédraogo Yaméogo Pascal ouiya Gounwendmanaghré Hubert Zongo Omar Akonyiré Abraham Seydoux Traoré Saga Sawadogo Séta Naba Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Département des Sciences de la Terre Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouaga Burkina Faso Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)/Institut des Sciences et de Technologie (IST) Ouaga Burkina Faso Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieries Université de Fada N’gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso

This study, carried out in the Léo square degree (west-central Burkina Faso) in the Palaeoproterozoic domain of the Man/Léo ridge, aims to define the shapes and positions of granitic plutons and the organisation of deformation structures using aeromagnetic data. These data have shown that there are small sub-circular granitic bodies to the north of the granitic masses in this region, and a large sub-circular granitic body to the south, around which are other smaller granitic bodies. The lineament map shows that the deformation structures are organised along three main directions and largely form these sub-circular plutonic bodies. We suggest that the granitic plutons are coalescent, pending identification of the internal structures of these granites to further refine the geodynamic model.

关键词： Burkina Faso Lineaments Belts Rocks Leo’s Leaf Granitoïd Airbornes Magnétics

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Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty on Complex Hips Conditions in a Low-Resource Setting

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第7期14卷 325-333页

作者： Souleymane ouédraogo Malick Diallo Sékou Sidibé Massadiami Soulama Adama Sidibé ousmane ouermi Patrick W. H. Dakouré Orthopedics and Traumatology Department University Hospital Sour SANOU Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Superior Institute of Medical Sciences University Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso

Introduction: Total hip arthroplasty of complex morphology is a challenge for the orthopaedic surgeon. Careful analysis of the hip’s anatomy helps to unravel the difficulties and anticipate the procedures to be performed and the implants to be planned. The aim was to identify the types of hip that make first-line THR difficult, specify the technical procedures to be used on these sites, and assess the functional results of the series. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study that concerned patients operated on for total hip arthroplasty between January 2015 and December 2022 at the medical center “La Grâce” in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Patients with coxarthrosis (on hip dysplasia, acetabular protrusio, acetabular malunion or neurological hip) and those with ankylosis of the hip, osteonecrosis secondary to neglected dislocation of the hip or hemoglobinopathy were included. Results: A total of 31 total hip replacements were performed in 30 patients. The mean age of patients at the surgery time was 36.2 years with extremes of 17 and 61 years. The male-to-female sex ratio was 1. The main indications for THA were the dysplasic hip osteoarthritis (11 cases) and the neglected hip dislocations (7 cases). In situ femoral neck osteotomy before hip dislocation was performed in seven cases. The acetabulum reconstruction techniques varied from the structural iliac bone graft (n = 3) and cancellous bone graft (n = 4) to the Kerboull plate (n = 1). After 45 months of mean follow-up, all hips were evaluated. The mean PMA score increased from 7.1 [4 - 8] before the surgery to 13.2 [13 - 17]. Conclusion: The large spectrum of challenges in complex hip management requires effective preoperative planning. Preoperative planning minimizes complications and ensures a better outcome.

关键词： Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Hip Dysplasia Complex Hip

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Situation of Artificial Depigmentation among Women in 2016 to Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2017年第2期7卷 189-198页

作者： Jean-Baptiste Andonaba Nina Nessiné Korsaga-Somé Boukary Diallo Etienne Yabré Issouf Konaté Amina Nomtondo ouédraogo Pascal Niamba Adama Traoré INSSA Université Nazi Boni de Bobo-Dioulasso Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso UFR/SDS Université Ki-Zerbo de Ouagadougou Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

INTRODUCTION: The artificial depigmentation (DA) is a practice that aims to reduce the natural pigmentation of the skin by the use of depigmenting products (DP). In Burkina Faso, few studies have been made on the issue and the last date of 2003. The objective of the study is to realize an overview of the DA phenomenon in women population in Bobo-Dioulasso City. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study held from April 16th to April 30th 2016 including 437 women aged from 13 to 55 years old. A multi-stage random sampling was realized A chi-square test was used to compare groups with significant threshold of 5%. RESULTS: The prevalence of the use of DP (67.28% with IC95 = [63.52 - 71.03]). The mean age of users was 27.5 years old;the typical profile was women from 30 to 35 years old (85.7%), with elementary study level, (73.47%), housewife’s (75.19%) and monogamous (71.98%). the products used was those made of hydroquinone (81.6%), EDTA (8.33%), kojic acid (4.86%), mixtures (11.12%) or unknown products (14.58%). The origin of the product was doubtful for almost all the cases (98.96%). The monthly mean cost of this practice for a single user is 1710 CFA. Complications were reported in 62.5% of users, and the most found was dyschromia (85.87%), acne (17.39%) and burns (10.32%). DISCUSSION: The DA is in great progress in Bobo-Dioulasso (2 out of 3 women) compared to half, thirteen years ago. The hydroquinone was markedly the most frequent DP while there was an apparent lack of corticosteroids and mercuries replaced by the new depigmenting agent such as EDTA and kojic acid. This result contrasted with the classic combination hydroquinone-dermocorticoid-mercuries reported by previous studies. CONCLUSION: The low-cost of DP could explain the magnitude of the artificial depigmentation phenomenon. Other studies should be conducted in order to establish with precision the composition of these products and their causality in the occurrence of common complications. Re

关键词： Artificial Depigmentation Products Women Bobo-Dioulasso

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High Performance for Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Quaternary System-Based Solar Cells with Alternative Buffer Layers

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2022年第9期12卷 207-219页

作者： Daouda oubda Marcel Bawindsom Kébré Soumaïla ouédraogo Alain Diasso François Zougmoré Zacharie Koalga Frédéric ouattara Laboratoire de Matériaux et Environnement (LA.M.E)-UFR/SEA Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche en Energétique et Météorologie de l’Espace (LA.R.E.M.E) Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso

In this study, the authors investigated the performance of different buffer layers through the electrical parameters such as Jsc, Voc, QE and η of the quaternary system Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. The performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se2solar cells has been modeled and numerically simulated by using the SCAPS- 1D device simulation tool. The cells with a ZnSe, Zn(O,S) and (Zn,Mg)O buffer layers were compared with the reference CdS buffer layer. The investigation of ZnSe, Zn(O, S) and (Zn,Mg)O-based cells to substitute the traditional CdS in the future shows that the ZnSe-buffer layer is a potential material to replace CdS, which revealed the best efficiency of 20.76%, the other electrical parameters are: JSC = 34.6 mA/cm2, VOC = 0.76 V and FF = 79.6%. The losses as a function of the temperature are estimated at 0.1%/K, among all kinds of buffer layers studied. We have also shown that the use of a high band-gap buffer layer is necessary to obtain a better short-circuit current density JSC. From our results, we note that the chalcogenide solar cells with Zn-based alternative buffer layer have almost the same stability thatthe traditional CdS buffer layer solar cells have.

关键词： Thin Film Solar Cells CIGS Absorber Alternative Buffer Layers SCAPS-1D Electrical Parameters

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Sexual and Reproductive Health Knowledge and Behaviour among Adolescents in Rural Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第9期14卷 1422-1430页

作者： Yobi Alexis Sawadogo Issa ouédraogo Sibraogo Kiemtoré Ali Sie Clarisse Dah Adama ouattara Hulda W. Nana Emmanuel ouedraogo Charlemagne ouedraogo Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Bogodogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Health Science Training and Research Unit Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ouahigouya Regional University Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Yalgado Oudraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Nouna Health Research Centre Nouna Burkina Faso

Background: Adolescents in developing countries have limited knowledge about the prevention of STIs and unwanted pregnancies. In several African countries, risky sexual behaviour persists, including early sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, economic and sexual exchange, and low condom and contraceptive use. The purpose of this study is to assess the sexual and reproductive health knowledge and behaviour of adolescents in rural Burkina Faso in order to improve their sexual and reproductive health. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection conducted from 07 March to 04 April 2022 in the area of the Demographic and Health Surveillance System of the Nouna Research Centre. A questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 1202 adolescents. Results: The mean age of the adolescents was 14.1 years and 56.6% were male. Only 58.2% of the adolescents had ever heard of HIV/AIDS. Of these, 95.7% did not know their HIV status. In addition, 15.8% had ever had sexual intercourse and 2.4% had been sexually active at an early age. Almost 45% had not used any contraceptive method the last time they had sex. Condoms were the most frequently used contraceptive method (47.4%). Among teenagers, 27.6% had been pregnant at least once, 7.3% were married and the average age at marriage was 18.45 years. Almost 7% (6.9%) of teenagers had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: Adolescents have limited knowledge about reproductive health. Risky sexual behaviour persists. Awareness campaigns need to be intensified to improve their sexual and reproductive health.

关键词： Knowledge Behaviour Reproductive Health Adolescents Nouna Burkina Faso

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Morphometric Study of the Lumbar Spray in the African Black West Subject: Interest in Surgery. About a CT Scans of 170 Cases in ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2018年第5期8卷 190-199页

作者： Mohamed Tall Mamoudou Sawadogo Amadou Ndiasse Kassé Adama oué draogo Hervé Pilabré Issouf Savadogo oussé ni Diallo Rabiou Cissé Department of Orthopedics-Traumatology Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Grand Yoff General Hospital Dakar Senegal Department of Radiology Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Objective: our study aimed at analyzing the morphometry of the lumbar spine at the CT scan and to specify its interest in spinal surgery. Methodology: This was a prospective study conducted from May 1, 2011 to July 31, 2011 in ouagadougou. During this study, 170 patients aged 45.3 ± 12.5 years old with a sex ratio of 1.15 received a CT scan. The symptomatology was dominated by low back pain (60.6%) and lumbar osteoarthritis was the most common etiology (51.8%). The measurements were performed directly on axial and sagittal sections of the lumbar spine with measurement of the vertebral body, and pedicles. Results: The vertebral body increased forward from 24.9 mm in L1 to 26.7 mm in L5 and decreasing backwards from 26.6 mm in L1 to 23.4 mm in L5. The transverse diameter of the vertebral body ranged from 37 mm in L1 to 47.4 mm in L5 and the anteroposterior diameter of 27.6 mm in L1 to 33.5 mm in L5. The lumbar canal had an anteroposterior diameter that ranged from 15.9 mm in L1 to 15.5 mm in L5 and an interpedicular distance increasing from 21.54 mm in L1 to 28.42 mm in L5. The pedicle decreased in length from L1 (9.5 mm) to L5 (6.5 mm) while its width increased from 6.9 mm in L1 to 15.1 mm in L5. Its axis formed, with respect to the sagittal plane, an increasingly obtuse angle varying from 16.3 degrees in L1 to 29.1 degrees in L5 and with respect to the upper plate of the vertebral body, an increasingly acute angle (14, 2 degrees in L1 at 8.8 degrees in L5). Conclusion: The dimensions of the lumbar vertebrae in our series differ from those noted in Western populations in that they have a smaller vertebral body, a shorter, wider pedicle with an angle of inclination of the pedicle compared to the sagittal and horizontal planes more obtuse.

关键词： Morphometry Lumbar Spine Surgery

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Traumatic Neglected Antero-Medial Knee Dislocation: Case Report

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第9期14卷 421-426页

作者： Souleymane ouédraogo Massadiami Soulama Abdourahmane ouangré ousmane ouermi Sékou Sidibé Maik Telyann Tchitembo Malick Diallo Patrick Wendpouiré Hamed Dakouré Orthopedics and Traumatology Department University Hospital Sour Sanou Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Superior Institute of Medical Sciences University Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Surgery Department Regional University Hospital Ouahigouya Burkina Faso Faculty of Medicine University Ledea Bernard Oudraogo Ouahigouya Burkina Faso

Introduction: Neglected knee dislocation is an unusual injury, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. The circumstances of onset are generally an unnoticed knee dislocation in a polytrauma context or a delay in consultation after the initial trauma. Presentation of case: We report the case of a 48-year-old female patient who sustained a knee injury during a domestic accident. Initial treatment was traditional and was followed for 3 years. She then consulted hospital, where a neglected knee dislocation was identified and treated with femorotibial arthrodesis. Discussion and conclusion: The treatment options of neglected knee dislocation include open reduction and fixation, arthrodesis and total knee arthroplasty. That the choice depends on the old unreduced of dislocation.

关键词： Neglected Knee Dislocation Tibiofemoral Arthrodesis Total Knee Arthroplasty

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Petrographic and Geochemical Characteristics of the Granitoids in the South of Godé (North of the Square Degree of Léo-Burkina Faso, West Africa)

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第2期15卷 106-118页

作者： Adama ouédraogo Yaméogo Hubert Gounwendmanaghré Zongo Pascal ouiya Omar Akonyiré Abraham Seydoux Traoré Saga Sawadogo Séta Naba Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Université Norbert Zongo Koudougou Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre Laboratoire Géosciences et Environnement (LaGE) Départe-ment des Sciences de la Terre Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouaga Burkina Faso Ecole Supérieure d’Ingénieries Université de Fada N’gourma Fada N’Gourma Burkina Faso Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS)/Institut des Sciences et de Technologie (IST) Ouaga Burkina Faso

South of Godé, in the central-western region of Burkina Faso, granitoids of Paleoproterozoic age are similar to those of the Man/Leo shield. This study focused on the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of these granitoids, with the following results: 1) The tonalite that outcrops in the south-west of the study area belongs to the TTG group or first generation granitoids. They are most often ribboned at outcrop and have a geochemical signature close to that of Archean TTGs. Tonalite has a metaluminous character and the REE spectrum indicates that it may be derived from partial melting of basic magmatic rocks. 2) Biotite granites have no outcrop structure. They are weakly metaluminous to peraluminous and potassic to highly potassic. Their rare earth spectra indicate that they may be derived from the partial melting of TTG granitoids. 3) Geotectonic diagrams show that the granitoids studied to the south of Godé were emplaced in an active tectonic context similar to that of present-day subduction zones.

关键词： Burkina Faso Godé Man/Leo Shield Petrography Geochemistry Partial Melting Geotectonic Setting

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