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Performance-based seismic assessment of a large diameter extended pile shaft in a cohesionless soil

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第1期14卷 177-188页

作者： abdoul r.ghotbi Civil & Environmental Engineering Department University of California

The seismic behavior of a large diameter extended pile shaft founded on a dense sandy site is investigated in this paper. First, a deterministic analysis is conducted including both nonlinear dynamic analysis （NDA） and pushover analysis to gain insights into the behavior of the pile and make sure an appropriate modeling technique is utilized. Then a probabilistic analysis is performed using the results of NDA for various demands. To this end a set of 40 pulse-like ground motions are picked and subsequently 40 nonlinear dynamic and pushover analyses are performed. The data obtained from NDA are used to generate probabilistic seismic demand model （PSDM） plots and consequently the median line and dispersion for each plot are computed. The NDA and pushover data are also plotted against each other to find out to what extent they are correlated. These operations are done for various engineering demand parameters （EDPs）. A sensitivity analysis is done to pick the most appropriate intensity measure （IM） which would cause a minimum dispersion in PSDM plots out of 7 different IMs. Peak ground acceleration （PGA） is found to be the most appropriate IM. Pushover coefficient equations as a function of PGA are proposed which can be applied to the pushover analysis data to yield a better outcome with respect to the NDA. At the end, the pacific earthquake engineering research （PEEr） center methodology is utilized to generate the fragility curves using the properties obtained from PSDM plots and considering various states of damage ranging from minor to severe. The extended pile shaft shows more vulnerability with a higher probability with respect to minor damage compared to severe damage.

关键词： extended pile shaft NDA pushover IMs PSDM fragility functions

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Performance-based seismic assessment of skewed bridges with and without considering soil-foundation interaction effects for various site classes

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第3期13卷 357-373页

作者： abdoul r.ghotbi Civil & Environmental Engineering Department University of California

The seismic behavior of skewed bridges has not been well studied compared to straight bridges. Skewed bridges have shown extensive damage, especially due to deck rotation, shear keys failure, abutment unseating and column- bent drift. This research, therefore, aims to study the behavior of skewed and straight highway overpass bridges both with and without taking into account the effects of Soil-Structure Interaction （SSI） due to near-fault ground motions. Due to several sources of uncertainty associated with the ground motions, soil and structure, a probabilistic approach is needed. Thus, a probabilistic methodology similar to the one developed by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering research Center （PEEr） has been utilized to assess the probability of damage due to various levels of shaking using appropriate intensity measures with minimum dispersions. The probabilistic analyses were performed for various bridge configurations and site conditions, including sand ranging from loose to dense and clay ranging from soft to stiff, in order to evaluate the effects. The results proved a considerable susceptibility of skewed bridges to deck rotation and shear keys displacement. It was also found that SSI had a decreasing effect on the damage probability for various demands compared to the fixed-base model without including SSI. However, deck rotation for all types of the soil and also abutment unseating for very loose sand and soft clay showed an increase in damage probability compared to the fixed-base model. The damage probability for various demands has also been found to decrease with an increase of soil strength for both sandy and clayey sites. With respect to the variations in the skew angle, an increase in skew angle has had an increasing effect on the amplitude of the seismic response for various demands. Deck rotation has been very sensitive to the increase in the skew angle; therefore, as the skew angle increased, the deck rotation responded accordingly. Furthermor

关键词： skewed bridges SSI demand model probabilistic assessment damage probability

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review of Maternal Deaths over 3 and a Half Years at the Kara University Hospital Center, Northern Togo: About 65 Cases

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 682-692页

作者： Logbo-Akey Kossi Edem Dédé régine Diane Ajavon Kambote Yendoubé Tenete Assiaham Douaguibe Banguilane Agoro Sibabe Aboubakari abdoul-Samadou Dé partement de Gyn&#233cologie-Obst&#233trique Universit&#233 de Kara Kara Togo Hopital Mè re-Enfat SOS Kara Kara Togo Dé partement de Gyn&#233cologie-Obst&#233trique Universit&#233 de Lom&#233 Lom&#233 Togo Direction ré gionale de la sant&#233 Kara Togo

Objective: To analyze maternal deaths, identify causes and dysfunctions leading to these deaths in order to contribute to the implementation of strategies to reduce maternal mortality at CHU Kara. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study involving 65 cases of maternal deaths recorded at CHU-Kara from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2021. results: Our study focused on 65 cases of maternal deaths recorded at the maternity ward of CHU-Kara. The average age was 30 years, with a range of 15 to 45 years. They were mostly housewives (52.3%), uneducated (38.5%), multiparous (41.5%), and referred (86.2%). The causes were mainly direct obstetric causes (81.54%), with preeclampsia and its complications (28.30%) and immediate postpartum hemorrhage (20.75%) being the most common. However, uterine rupture (20.5%) and post-abortion sepsis (16.4%) were the most lethal etiologies. Delayed evacuation (46.43%), inadequate transportation (91%), and insufficient prenatal care (72.31%) were the dysfunctions before referral. Within the CHU Kara, delays in management (58.46%), unavailability of blood and labile products (18%), and insufficient monitoring were the dysfunctions identified. Ninety-five point four percent (95.4%) of the deaths were preventable. Conclusion: The magnitude of intrahospital maternal deaths, the various dysfunctions observed in the occurrence of maternal deaths before referral/evacuation and within the hospital highlight the importance of effectively implementing recommendations from audits in the fight against maternal mortality. The majority of the deaths were preventable (95.38%).

关键词： review of Maternal Deaths CHU Kara Togo

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Obstetric Emergencies at the Kara University Hospital Maternity Ward: Sociodemographic, Etiological and Prognostic Aspects

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 69-76页

作者： Logbo-Akey Kossi Edem Bassowa Akila Ketevi Tina Kambote Yendoubé Patchidi Kibandou Amewouho Kofi Ajavon Dédé régina Aboubakari abdoul-Samadou Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique CHU Kara Université de Kara Kara Togo Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique CHU Campus Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique CHU Sylvanus Olympio Université de Lomé Togo Faculté des sciences de la santé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique CHR Tomdé Université de Kara Togo

Introduction: Obstetric emergencies are common throughout the world and more particularly in developing countries where they are responsible for high maternal-fetal mortality and morbidity. Objective: Study obstetric emergencies in the maternity ward of Kara University Hospital. Method: retrospective and descriptive study from April 1, 2022 to March 30, 2023, carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Kara University Hospital. results: Eight hundred and thirty-five (835) obstetric emergencies were recorded out of 2215 admissions, i.e. a frequency of 37.7%. The average age of the patients was 26.7 with a range of 14 and 45 years. They were primigravidas (36.7%) and nulliparous (38.7%), referred (84.7%) and came from rural areas (72%). Emergencies occurred in the 3rd trimester in 74.1% and in parturients (54.1%). Preeclampsia (27%), cessation of progression of labor due to feto-pelvic disproportion (12.4%), postpartum hemorrhage (7.5%) constituted the main obstetric emergencies. In 44.8%, the delivery was carried out vaginally. Magnesium sulfate was the most used drug, i.e. 30.1%;followed by antihypertensive medications in 28.1%. Blood transfusion was performed in 24.3%. The evolution was simple in 90.9%. The maternal fatality rate was 1.6%. The perinatal case fatality rate was 12.3%. Conclusion: Obstetric emergencies are common, dominated by preeclampsia, stopping progress of labor and postpartum hemorrhages. They are responsible for high morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Obstetric Emergency Kara University Hospital

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Obstetric references in Disadvantaged Environments: Case of references to the University Hospital Center of Kara, in Northern Togo

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第2期14卷 267-277页

作者： Kossi Edem Logbo-Akey Bassowa Akila Kofi Mawoulé Améwouho Ketevi Tina Yendoubé Pierre Kambote Dédé régine Diane Ajavon Baguilane Djoauguibe abdoul-Samadou Aboubakari Koffi Akpadza Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique CHU Kara Togo Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique CHU Campus Lomé Togo Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé Togo Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique CHR Tomdé Kara Togo

Introduction: references are frequent and most often carried out in emergency situations. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiological and clinical profile of obstetric referrals to the CHU-Kara. Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from September 1, 2022, to February 28, 2023, at CHU-Kara, focusing on obstetric referrals to the Gynecology-Obstetrics department. result: 828 patients were referred for obstetric reasons out of 1295 admissions, representing a frequency of 63.9%. The average age was 25.04 years. They were primigravida (38.3%), unemployed (62.7%). Motorcycles were the main means of transportation, accounting for 53.1% of cases. The average distance to reach the referral center was 31.6 km, covered in an average of 71 minutes. In 40.7% of cases, patients had less than 4 prenatal consultations and were referred in peripartum (56.6%) for pre-eclampsia (14%), post-term pregnancy (11.8%), dystocia (10.5%). Eighty-six point nine percent (86.9%) of the referred patients were able to deliver during their stay in the department, of which 61.7% had vaginal deliveries. The maternal and perinatal mortality rates were 0.7% and 14.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Obstetric referrals to Kara University Hospital are frequent during the perpartum period and are often carried out by motorbike.

关键词： Obstetric referral Epidemiology Prognosis CHU-Kara

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APOBEC3G role on HIV Infection in Africa: A Systematic review

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American Journal of Molecular Biology 2024年第1期14卷 25-42页

作者： Tegwinde rebeca Compaore abdoul Karim Ouattara Adama Baguiya Lassina Traore Abdou Azaque Zoure Henri Gautier Ouedraogo Seni Kouanda Jacques Simpore Biomedical and Public Health Department Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS)/CNRST Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Biologie et de Génétique Moléculaire (LABIOGENE) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre de recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CErBA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université Norbert Zongo (UNZ) Centre Universitaire de Manga Koudougou Burkina Faso

The highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAArT) has allowed people living with HIV to live longer with a better quality of life. However, toxicity and the emergence of drug resistance arise from HAArT use. Therefore, new antiretroviral therapy is needed since no cure or vaccine is available against HIV. Virus-host interaction has been proven to be important in the last decade. Host factors such as the C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCr5), a receptor used by HIV to penetrate host cells, have led to the discovery of the Maraviroc, which is an antiretroviral medication used in the United States. In contrast, other factors like C-X-C Motif Chemokine receptor 4 (CXCr4) and the Apolipoprotein B mrNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), a potent host defense factor against HIV, is under investigation. APOBEC3G antiviral activity remains a possible therapeutic target against HIV. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the available evidence on the role of APOBEC3G polymorphisms and their expression on HIV infection disease progression in Africa. We used Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar and searched for relevant publications in French or English reporting on APOBEC3G polymorphisms association with HIV infection in African populations from January 2009 to May 2023. The PrISMA (Preferred reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyzes) was used to process for reporting systematic review. Fifteen studies were included, of which seven were on APOBEC3G polymorphisms and eight were on APOBEC3G expression. Among the APOBEC3G polymorphisms, the most studied was H186r or rs8177832. The average of the minor allele frequency of H186r of APOBEC3G available for the studies included in this study was 0.29 with a 95% CI (0.172;0.401) and varied from 0.108 reported in Uganda to 0.47 recorded from Burkina Faso. The polymorphism H186r was not associated with HIV status in Southern Africa. However, the referent allele of H186r was protectiv

关键词： APOBEC3G HIV Genetic Variation Therapeutic Target African Populations

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Female Contraception: Comparative Study of Biometrics and Vascularization of the Uterus at Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital (Togo)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第1期14卷 162-174页

作者： Dédé régine Diane Ajavon Metoukam Andrée Josiane Douaguibe Baguilane Ketevi Améyo Ayoko Logbo Akey Kossi Edem Kambote Yendoube M’bortche Bingo Amadou abdoulatif Aboubakari abdoul Samadou Faculty of Health Sciences University of Kara Kara Togo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo Service de gynécologie obstétrique du CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé Togo

Female contraception uses both hormonal and non-hormonal methods. The aim of the study is to determine the impact of female contraception on uterine vascularisation and the endometrium. Method: It was a descriptive comparative study with an analytical aim. It took place at the University Clinic of Obstetrics Gynaecology and the radiology and Medical imaging Department of Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital in Lomé over a two-month period from May 15, 2023 to July 15, 2023. Group 1 included women using a modern contraceptive method and group 2 women not using a modern contraceptive method. Epidata 3.1 and r 4.0.4 software were used to process the data. results: Each group included 50 women. There were no significant differences in uterine and endometrial biometrics. All women on contraception had their zone 1 vascularized, without vascularisation of zone 2, without significant difference with women without contraception The pulsatility index was greater than 3 in 51% (n = 51) of women, including 62.7% (n = 32) of women without contraception and 37.3% (n = 19) of women on contraception, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.009). Conclusion: Contraceptive methods do not influence the biometry of the uterus. However, uterine artery Doppler indices can predict abnormal uterine bleeding.

关键词： Contraception Endometrium Uterine Artery Doppler

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Sleep Disorders among Professional Oil Tanker Drivers in Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第1期12卷 1-20页

作者： Guy Alain Ouédraogo Dofinihanou Dite Inessa Coulibaly Mênonli Adjobimey abdoul risgou Ouédraogo rose Mikponhoue Antoine Vikkey Hinson Health Sciences Training and research Unit University of Ouahigouya Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Department of Pneumology Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Workers Health Office Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Occupational and Environmental Health research Unit Faculty of Health Sciences Cotonou Republic of Benin Health Sciences Training and research Unit Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Introduction: Sleep disorders among professional drivers are a major road safety problem. They cause fatigue and drowsiness at the wheel, which can lead to road traffic accidents and even accidents at work. The aim of this study was to assess sleep disorders among professional drivers of oil tankers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out from 11 April 2020 to 11 September 2020 in the national hydrocarbon company’s fuel depot. All the drivers present at the time were included and accomplished a questionnaire incorporating the commonly scales using to assess sleep disorders, sleep quality and sleep apnoea. Data analysis using r 3.6.1 software enabled to perform univariate and multivariate analyses to identify associated factors. Adjusted odd ratios were used to measure the strength of association. The significance level chosen was p ≤ 0.05. results: All the 339 respondents were male. A proportion of 33.6% suffered from insomnia, including 12.7% with moderate to severe insomnia, and 18.58% were at risk of sleep apnoea. On the Epworth scale, 26.6% of drivers showed sleep debt and 4.1% excessive daytime sleepiness. The risk factors associated with insomnia were the use of psychostimulants. A history of diabetes and insomnia were risk factors associated with sleep apnoea syndrome. Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep disturbance and insomnia among the respondents were 52.2% and 33.6% respectively. Use of psychostimulants was the identified risk factor. The prevalence of SAS was 4.72%, with diabetes and insomnia as associated factors.

关键词： Sleep Disorders Sleep Apnoea Occupational Health Burkina

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Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension on World Diabetes Day 2022 in Guinea

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 1-6页

作者： Mamadou Dian Mamoudou Diallo Mamadou Mansour Diallo Mamadou Chérif Diallo Mamadou Alpha Diallo Alpha Mamadou Diallo Mody abdoulaye Barry Kadija Dieng abdoul Mazid Diallo El’Hadj Zainoul Bah Kadidiatou Bah Amatoulaye Diallo Amadou Kaké Naby Moussa Baldé Oumou Baldé Unité de Diabétologie H&#244pital régional de Labé Labe Guinea Université de Conakry Conakry Guinea Service de Diabétologie CHU Donka Conakry Guinea Fondation de Lutte Contre le diabète et MNT Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are chronic diseases that are on the rise and pose a major public health problem among the priorities of healthcare systems. Objectives: Determine the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension and describe the sociodemographic characteristics of those screened. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study organized during a diabetes and hypertension screening campaign that took place in Conakry and five (05) inland regions on November 14, 2022. results: 2050 people were screened, of whom 33.12% were housewives, the average age was 44.78 ± 16.23 years, and 55.27% were women. The screening sites were the city of Conakry 741 (36.15%), the Labé region 424 (20.68%), the N’Zérékoré region 298 (14.54%), the Faranah region 241 (11.75%), the Mamou region 210 (10.24%) and the Boké region 136 (6.63%). The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension were respectively 12.5% and 43.38% for the Boké region;6.19% and 16.19% for the Mamou region;3.02% and 21.81% for the N’Zérékoré region;31.95% and 13.69% for the Faranah region;9.67% and 20.28% for the Labé region;2.83% and 20.28% for the city of Conakry. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of the study duration, our series highlighted the high prevalence of diabetes and hypertension among people screened on World Diabetes Day 2022. raising public awareness of a healthy lifestyle is essential for the prevention and control of diabetes and hypertension.

关键词： Prevalence Diabetes Hypertension

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Geotechnical risk Assessment and Geological Origin of Building Fracturation in Agadez City(North Niger)

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Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 2022年第2期4卷 33-44页

作者： Baraou Idi Souley abdoulwahid Sani abdoul Wahab Djibo Maiga Moussa Konaté Department of Geology University of AgadezAgadezNiger High Authority for Atomic Energy of Niger(HANEA Niger)OTICENiameyNiger Department of Geology University of NiameyNiameyNiger

The Agadez city is built on the faulted and fractured sandstones formation of the“Agadez Sandstones”,which deposit in unconformity on the Precambrian basement of the Aïr *** present study focuses on the geotechnical risk assessment and geological origin of building fracturation in Agadez city.A methodological approach integrating measurement of fractures planes affecting the buildings and their statistical analysis has been *** analysis of obtained data showed that in 100 fractured buildings,about 3%buildings are at risk of collapse(very high risk),64%buildings are fractured(medium risk of collapse),and 34%buildings are cracked(lower risk of collapse).These results showed as well that the nature of the material(rheology)influences the buildings ***,the buildings made from cement are more easily fractured than buildings made from clay *** analysis of fracture planes reveals that the geotechnical risk associated with buildings fracturation propagates in NW-SE,corresponding to the major directions of risk propagation,mainly dipping in northwest sectors(zones)of the Agadez *** interpretation of geological and geophysical data combined to those obtained in the case of this study,reveals that the risk associated with buildings fracturation in Agadez city is caused by geological seismic events and or anthropogenic activities(explosive firing on the uranium mining sites like Somaïr and Cominak).

关键词： Geotechnical risks Geological origin Buildings fracturation Fractures Cracks Faults Agadez city Niger

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