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Statistical Study of the Occurrence of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) from 1996 to 2018 (Solar Cycles 23-24)

Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第12期15卷 2238-2255页

作者： Salfo Kaboré abdoul kader segda Aristide Marie Frédéric Gyébré Frédéric Ouattara Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Space and Energy Physics (L@CAPSE) Koudougou Burkina Faso Norbert ZONGO University (UNZ) Koudougou Burkina Faso

The objective of this article was to carry out a statistical study of the occurrences of CMEs from solar cycles 23 and 24 and to deduce interpretations as a contribution to a greater understanding of heliosphere dynamics. Thus, from the statistical examination of the occurrences according to the phases it appeared that solar cycle 23 (SC23) counted 13207 occurrences of CMEs while 16510 were counted for solar cycle 24 (SC24). These occurrences of CMEs are correlated to the sunspot cycle because in each of these cycles we would note the predominance of the phase maximum (1478 for SC23 and 2338 for SC24) over the ascending phases (550 for SC23 and 1559 for the SC24) and descending (1197 for the SC23 and 1178 for the SC24) and these predominate on the minimum phase (206 for the SC23 and 834 for the SC24). However, the percentages per phase in each cycle show that SC23 was only predominant over SC24 at the maximum phase (43.08% for SC23 and 39.57% for SC24). From this correlation, some authors therefore suggest that the toroidal magnetic field would be the cause of the ejections of these CMEs. The annual statistical examination confirms the correlation with the sunspot cycle but nevertheless reveals in the descending phase of SC23 two unusual peaks in 2005 and 2007 and a drop-in sunspot activity of 42% from SC23 to SC24 while that we would note an increase in the activity of CME occurrences of 36% at SC24, thus suggesting that CMEs can occur without the toroidal magnetic field being the cause, particularly from the coronal holes. The seasonal statistical examination shows for its part that out of the total of 29717 occurrences of CMEs of the two cycles that spring (28%) was the most active than summer (25%) and summer over autumn (24%) and finally autumn over winter (23%) thus revealing that: The ascending phase of the cycle was only the most active during the winter seasons in spring and the descending phase only during the rest of the seasons. Finally, the monthly stat

关键词： CMEs Occurrence Solar Cycle Phase of the Solar Cycle Seasons Months

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Effects of warming and drought stress on the growth characteristics,photosynthetic-transpiration rates,and yield of winter wheat

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 121-129页

作者： Qian Li Yang Gao abdoul kader Mounkaila Hamani Guangshuai Wang Junming Liu Yuanyuan Fu Xingpeng Wang College of Water Resource and Architecture Engineering Tarim UniversityAlar 843300XinjiangChina Institute of Farmland Irrigation Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453002HenanChina

Climate change has limited crop productivity *** crop response to global climate changes is vital to maintaining agricultural sustainable development.A two-year experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of warming and drought on crop growth and winter wheat yield *** results showed that both warming and drought shortened the crop growth period,reduced the leaf area index,and increased winter wheat biomass *** sufficient water supply conditions,warming would increase photosynthetic and transpiration rates and water use efficiency,while under water deficit conditions,the opposite was *** warming conditions,the grain yield of the water deficit treatment was 8.9%lower than that of the sufficient water supply *** non-warming conditions,the grain yield of water deficit treatment was 12.4%lower than that of the sufficient water *** the conditions of water-sufficient supply,the grain yield of the warming treatment was 4.4%lower than that of the non-warming treatment,and under the conditions of water deficit,the grain yield of the warming treatment was 1.3%lower than that of the non-warming *** tends to decrease wheat growth and grain yield,but sufficient water supply could improve winter wheat’s water use efficiency and reduce the warming limitation on wheat production.

关键词： winter wheat warming leaf area index photosynthetic rate yield biomass

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Franco-Malian and Sino-Malian Economic Cooperation:A Comparison

Franco-Malian and Sino-Malian Economic Cooperation:A Compari...

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作者：古开达（abdoul kader COULIBALY）中南财经政法大学

学位级别：硕士

1960年以来,法国和中国一直是马里的两个非常重要国际合作伙伴。在法国和马里关系方面,法国是马里的前殖民宗主国。马里独立以来,法国与马里开展了双边合作,这属于南北合作,对两国的经济发展十分重要。虽然遇到了一些困难,但法国和马里... 详细信息

1960年以来,法国和中国一直是马里的两个非常重要国际合作伙伴。在法国和马里关系方面,法国是马里的前殖民宗主国。马里独立以来,法国与马里开展了双边合作,这属于南北合作,对两国的经济发展十分重要。虽然遇到了一些困难,但法国和马里的合作关系从未中断。法国与马里之间的经济关系,主要是法国在马里进行投资,法国在经济上支持马里并为马里提供官方发展援助。此外,自马里独立以来,法国和马里之间一直存在商品贸易。然而,法国与马里之间的经济关系也存在问题,主要表现为两国经济合作存在不对称性、法国移民政策收紧、腐败问题以及法国通过经济影响力在马里寻求地缘政治作用,等等。在中国和马里方面,马里独立后不久中马两国就建立了外交关系。中马合作最初是在南南合作框架下进行的,遵循万隆会议的不干涉内政和各国相互尊重等原则。1962年,中国和马里签署了经济合作协议。此后,通过相互投资、官方发展援助和贸易交流,两国经济合作日益密切。与马里与法国的经济合作不同的是,中马经济合作的重点领域是建设基础设施,中国向马里提供无息贷款和补助金。中国和马里经济合作也存在问题,主要包括中国企业不注意保护当地环境、不愿意雇佣当地工人以及马里存在恐怖主义安全威胁问题等。在马里与中国和法国建立了经济合作关系后,尽管遭遇了一些变化和困难,但这些经济合作都长期保持并促进了马里的经济发展。立足于法国马里经济合作以及中国马里经济合作情况、合作成就以及问题,本文比较了两种合作的异同。在相同点方面,中国和马里在目标是都是寻求在马里扩大经济利益,两国与马里都在投资、官方发展援助和贸易方面保持密切的合作与交流。由于马里存在管理不善、政府腐败、人才不足、恐怖主义安全威胁等问题,法国马里以及中国马里的经济合作存在一些困难。不同的是,法国在马里是致力于通过经济影响力来保持和扩大地缘政治影响力,而中国奉行不干涉内政的原则,中国与马里的合作重点是基础设施建设,更多地是开展政府间合作和寻求合作共赢。最后,从南南合作和南北合作的性质及新发展的宏观视角,本文指出中国马里合作的快捷发展显示立足与合作共赢和互不干涉内政的国际合作方式更有生命力,法国在马里的苛刻经济合作政策和干涉内政行动限制了南北合作的发展。但是,新时期南南合作也出现了新的问题,中国应该尊重当地社会和保护当地利益,真正实现合作共赢。马里从与法国及中国的合作中都获得了收益,未来需要采取措施规避两种合作的负面因素,并避免南南合作与南北合作之间的激烈竞争,促进两种合作在马里发挥更大的积极作用。

关键词：中国法国马里经济合作

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Growth and nitrogen productivity of drip-irrigated winter wheat under different nitrogen fertigation strategies in the North China Plain

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第3期22卷 908-922页

作者： Sunusi Amin ABUBAKAR abdoul kader Mounkaila HAMANI WANG Guang-shuai LIU Hao Faisal MEHMOOD Abubakar Sadiq ABDULLAHI GAO Yang DUAN Ai-wang Key Laboratory of Crop Water Use and Regulation Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Farmland Irrigation Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453002P.R.China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081P.R.China Department of Agricultural and Bioresource Engineering Abubakar Tafawa Balewa UniversityBauchi 740272Nigeria

Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the main cause of N loss and poor use efficiency in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the North China Plain (NCP).Drip fertigation is considered to be an effective method for improving N use efficiency and reducing losses,while the performance of drip fertigation in winter wheat is limited by poor N scheduling.A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth,development and yield of drip-fertigated winter wheat under different split urea (46%N,240 kg ha^(-1)) *** six treatments consisted of five fertigation N application scheduling programs and one slow-release fertilizer (SRF) *** five N scheduling treatments were N0–100 (0%at sowing and 100%at jointing/booting),N25–75 (25%at sowing and 75%at jointing and booting),N50–50(50%at sowing and 50%at jointing/booting),N75–25 (75%at sowing and 25 at jointing/booting),and N100–0 (100%at sowing and 0%at jointing/booting).The SRF (43%N,240 kg ha^(-1)) was only used as fertilizer at *** N application significantly (P<0.05) affected wheat grain yield,yield components,aboveground biomass (ABM),water use efficiency(WUE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP).The N50–50 and SRF treatments respectively had the highest yield(8.84 and 8.85 t ha^(-1)),ABM (20.67 and 20.83 t ha^(-1)),WUE (2.28 and 2.17 kg m^(-3)) and NPFP (36.82 and 36.88 kg kg^(-1)).This work provided substantial evidence that urea-N applied in equal splits between basal and topdressing doses compete economically with the highly expensive SRF for fertilization of winter wheat *** the single-dose SRF could reduce labor costs involved with the traditional method of manual spreading,the drip fertigation system used in this study with the N50–50 treatment provides an option for farmers to maintain wheat production in the NCP.

关键词： split nitrogen strategies wheat yield drip fertigation water use efficiency nitrogen use efficiency

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Study of the 1D Saint-Venant Equations and Application to the Simulation of a Flood Problem

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2020年第7期8卷 1193-1206页

作者： Maman Yarodji abdoul kader Rabé Badé Bisso Saley Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Abdou Moumouni University Niamey Niger

In this paper we are concerned with the mathematical and numerical analysis of the one-dimensional Saint-Venant equations. Thus, we prove the existence of a weak solution for any fixed time and with low regularity on the data. For the numerical approach we use the Rusanov scheme to approximate the flux and the hydrostatic reconstruction method which consists of decentering the source term at the interface. A numerical test of the proposed resolution is performed on a non-uniform topography.

关键词： Shallow Water Equations Hyperbolic System Finite Volume Method Weak Solution

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盐胁迫下棉花幼苗（Gossypium hirsutum L.）对外源甜菜碱和水杨酸的生理生化特性响应

盐胁迫下棉花幼苗（Gossypium hirsutum L.）对外源甜菜碱和水杨...

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作者： Mounkaila Hamani abdoul kader 中国农业科学院

学位级别：硕士

土壤盐分的升高(尤其是NaCl所引起的)是极为严重的非生物胁迫,抑制了全球约20%灌溉土地的植物生产力。棉花是当今世界上公认的规模最大的纺织纤维,也是重要的耐盐作物,已成为盐碱地主要的栽培作物。甜菜碱(Glycine betaine,GB)是一种具... 详细信息

土壤盐分的升高(尤其是NaCl所引起的)是极为严重的非生物胁迫,抑制了全球约20%灌溉土地的植物生产力。棉花是当今世界上公认的规模最大的纺织纤维,也是重要的耐盐作物,已成为盐碱地主要的栽培作物。甜菜碱(Glycine betaine,GB)是一种具有活跃渗透能力的化合物,在植物抵御高寒和高盐等非生物胁迫过程发挥着重要作用,水杨酸(Salicylic acid,SA)是一种在调节植物多种生理和生化特性中占有重要地位的植物激素,可以影响植物应对非生物胁迫响应过程。深入研究盐分胁迫条件下喷施甜菜碱(GB)及水杨酸(SA)对棉花植株生理、生化特性的影响过程,探索喷施外源物质对棉花适应盐分胁迫的调控机理,对于补充完善施用外源物质(如GB和SA)对棉花耐盐能力调控理论具有重要的理论与实践意义。本研究旨在探讨叶面喷施甜菜碱(GB)和水杨酸(SA)对高盐(NaCl)胁迫条件下棉花幼苗生理生化特性的影响。在150 mM NaCl条件下,喷施外源GB设置3个处理(GB浓度分别为2.5、5.0和7.5 mM),喷施外源SA设置3个处理(SA浓度分别为1.0、1.5和2.0 mM),不喷施外源物质的处理1个,另外设置没有盐胁迫且不施加外源物质作为对照处理(CK)。通过系统的人工气候室内盆栽试验,取得了以下主要结果:(1)盐胁迫不仅显著降低了叶片的气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数,还降低了光合色素含量。与不喷施外源物质的盐分处理以及CK处理相比,叶面喷施中浓度(5.0 mM)GB处理和喷施低浓度(1.0mM)SA处理均可显著提高棉花叶片气体交换、叶绿素含量、荧光参数、抗氧化酶活性以及内源GB和SA含量。NaCl胁迫诱导抗氧化酶升高,与不喷施外源物质的盐分胁迫(150 mM NaCl)处理相比,喷施外源GB处理和喷施SA处理均显著提高了棉苗谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性,并降低了丙二醛(MDA)的含量。对于所有的外源GB和SA处理,中剂量(5.0 mM)的GB使叶片的光系统最大光化学效率(F/F)均达到峰值。NaCl胁迫下叶面喷施GB和SA,叶片的光合速率和F/F与叶绿素a、b含量呈正相关关系。根据试验结果,我们认为5.0 mM GB和1.0 mM SA是较适宜的外源物质浓度,通过喷施外源物质能够通过提升叶片光合作用、光合色素含量以及抗氧化酶活性来减轻NaCl胁迫对棉苗的负面影响。(2)与CK相比,150 mM NaCl处理导致Na在根系和地上部显著累积,并降低了K、Ca和Mg含量以及根系和地上部的生物量。与无外源物质的盐处理相比,所有喷施外源GB和SA处理使得上述离子含量发生明显地逆向变化,并提高了根系和地上部的生物量。NaCl胁迫条件下,喷施中浓度GB(5.0 mM)和喷施低浓度SA(1.0 mM)处理均可有效减轻Na毒害并显著促进棉花生物量积累。NaCl胁迫不仅降低了棉花株高、叶面积和叶水势等植株指标,而且影响棉花根系和地上部的全氮含量,与不喷施外源物质的NaCl胁迫处理相比,喷施5 mM的GB处理和1.0 mM的SA处理均提高了棉花株高、叶面积、叶水势及根系和地上部植株全氮质量分数。总体上来看,150 mM NaCl胁迫条件下,喷施5.0 mM的GB对降低棉苗水力导度损失率(PLC)更为有效;喷施外源GB只增加了内源GB浓度,而叶面喷施SA可以显著提高内源GB和SA浓度。

关键词：棉花水杨酸甜菜碱光合生物量 NaCl胁迫

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Influence of Climatic Changes and Anthropogenic Activities on the Distribution and Habitats of Senegalia senegal in Niger: A Forecast and Ecological Analysis

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第11期12卷 29-40页

作者： abdoul kader Soumaila Sina Idrissa Soumana Amadou Garba Ali Mahamane Garba Mounkaila Laboratory Department of Biology Faculty of Science and Technology Abdou Moumouni University of Niamey Niamey Niger National Institute of Agronomic Research of Niger (INRAN) Niamey Niger

The primary objective of this study is to assess the impact of climate change on the current and future spatial distribution of areas suitable for the growth of Senegalia senegal, a forest species of significant agro-ecological and socio-economic importance. To achieve this objective, the MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) model was utilized, incorporating species presence points alongside bioclimatic variables. To project future distributions, three climatic models-CCCMA, HadCM3, and CSIRO were employed under the A2 scenario to predict the species’ distribution by the year 2050. Currently, habitats highly favorable for the conservation of the species are situated in the Sahelo-Sudanian and Sudanian zones, accounting for 6.81% of the national territory. All models forecast a substantial increase in habitats highly favorable for the future conservation of S. senegal, with a total expected growth of 448.9%. Conversely, moderately favorable and unfavorable habitats are predicted to decrease by 106.26% and 78.59%, respectively. These findings provide crucial data for the long-term conservation strategy of this species, which holds significant ecological and agronomic potential for the Sahelian region.

关键词： Modeling Maximum Entropy Suitable Habitat Senegalia senegal Distribution Niger

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滴灌施肥时序对不同质地土壤水氮分布的影响

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灌溉排水学报 2022年第3期41卷 47-53页

作者：孙玮皓申孝军 Mounkaila Hamani abdoul kader 司转运高阳中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所/农业农村部作物需水与调控重点实验室河南新乡453002 中国农业科学院研究生院北京100081 天津农学院水利工程学院天津300392

【目的】探究不同滴灌施肥时序下不同质地土壤水、氮的运移规律和分布特征。【方法】通过室内土槽试验,设置3种土壤质地:砂土、壤土、黏土,分别记为S1、S2、S3,4种施肥时序:仅灌水、1/2N-1/2W(前1/2时间施氮肥)、1/4W-1/2N-1/4W(前1/4... 详细信息

【目的】探究不同滴灌施肥时序下不同质地土壤水、氮的运移规律和分布特征。【方法】通过室内土槽试验,设置3种土壤质地:砂土、壤土、黏土,分别记为S1、S2、S3,4种施肥时序:仅灌水、1/2N-1/2W(前1/2时间施氮肥)、1/4W-1/2N-1/4W(前1/4时间灌水后在中间1/2时间施氮肥)、3/8W-1/2N-1/8W(前3/8时间灌水后在中间1/2时间施氮肥),分别记为T1、T2、T3、T4,分析了土壤湿润锋的运移以及水分、硝态氮在土体内的分布特征。【结果】在灌水量和滴头流量均相同的条件下,3种土壤的湿润锋分布特征存在明显差异。湿润锋的最大入渗深度:砂土(29.5 cm)>壤土(21 cm)>黏土(15 cm)。硝态氮在湿润体边缘累积,并且随着施肥次序向前推移,硝态氮向湿润体边缘运移的趋势越来越明显。不同施肥时序下,硝态氮在3种土壤中的分布存在差异。S1T4处理的硝态氮在砂土下层的比例最低;S2T3处理下壤土的硝态氮分布最均匀;S3T2处理可以降低硝态氮在黏土表层堆积。【结论】对于砂土、壤土和黏土,分别采用3/8W-1/2N-1/8W、1/4W-1/2N-1/4W和1/2N-1/2W的施肥时序,有利于降低氮肥淋失的风险,提高氮肥利用效率。

关键词：滴灌土壤质地施肥时序湿润锋土壤硝态氮

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Corneal Trauma: An Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Study in CADES/O Donka

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2022年第4期12卷 362-372页

作者： abdoul Karim Balde Sonassa Diane Sidibe kader Aziz abdoul Karim Barry abdoulaye Magassouba Dantouma Maxim Sovogui Thierno Madiou Bah Faculty of Health Sciences and Techniques of Conakry Conakry Guinea CADES/O (Application Center of the Diploma of Specialized Studies in Ophthalmology) Donka Conakry Guinea Bartimé Hospital of Conakry Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Corneal trauma can be defined as any impact on the cornea following direct or indirect trauma by a traumatic agent. Due to its anatomical position, the cornea is the superficial membrane most exposed to ocular trauma. It is a frequent pathology in ophthalmology, especially in young active subjects. It is an important cause of poor vision or loss of the eyeball with a significant socio-economic impact. Material and Method: We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study of descriptive type with a duration of 5 months from November 01, 2020 to March 31, 2021 in order to study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic profile of corneal trauma. Results: During the study period, 179 patients consulted for corneal trauma, i.e. 64.9% of ocular trauma. The age group 20 to 29 years old was the most affected with a frequency of 29.1%. The average age of our patients was 26.6 years old, with extremes ranging from 1 to 75 years old. The majority of patients were male with a frequency of 68.2% and a sex ratio of 2.1. Decreased visual acuity was the most frequent reason for consultation in our patients with 93.2%. Perforation was the most frequent type of trauma with 80.3%. All of our patients were treated with medication (100%), 65.3% with physical treatment and 41.8% with surgery. Conclusion: Corneal trauma is a real public health problem. They are especially frequent in young active subjects. Prevention remains the most effective means of treatment.

关键词： Cornéa Trauma CADES/O

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水盐胁迫下棉花叶片光合的气孔与非气孔限制

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灌溉排水学报 2020年第11期39卷 13-18页

作者： Mounkaila Hamani abdoul kader 申孝军陈津赛王广帅高阳中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所河南新乡453002 中国农业科学院研究生院北京100081

【目的】明确水盐胁迫下植物叶片光合过程受抑制的因素。【方法】在人工气候室内,设置无胁迫(T1)、水分胁迫处理(T2)、盐分胁迫处理(T3)和水盐胁迫处理(T4),研究了不同胁迫处理对棉花叶片气孔特征与色素量、叶片光合速率以及荧光参数的... 详细信息

【目的】明确水盐胁迫下植物叶片光合过程受抑制的因素。【方法】在人工气候室内,设置无胁迫(T1)、水分胁迫处理(T2)、盐分胁迫处理(T3)和水盐胁迫处理(T4),研究了不同胁迫处理对棉花叶片气孔特征与色素量、叶片光合速率以及荧光参数的影响。【结果】与T1处理相比,T2处理并没有显著降低棉花叶片气孔的长度和宽度,但却显著降低了气孔密度;而T3处理和T4处理则显著降低了棉花叶片的气孔特征(密度、宽度和长度),T3处理和T4处理间差异并不显著。不同胁迫处理均较T1处理显著降低了棉花叶片的色素量(叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素),但T3处理和T4处理只在类胡萝卜素量存在显著差异。不同胁迫处理均显著降低了棉花叶片的光合速率,T2—T4处理的气孔限制和叶肉限制的平均值分别为0.38和0.35,表明水盐胁迫条件下,棉花叶片光合速率降低主要受气孔和叶肉限制。当棉花叶片光合性能受到抑制时,植株主要通过热耗散途径来消除过剩能量。【结论】在水分和盐分胁迫条件下,棉花叶片光合性能受气孔限制和非气孔限制的共同影响。

关键词：棉花盐胁迫水分胁迫光合速率气孔限制非气孔限制

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