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Evaluation and Prediction of Groundwater Quality in the Municipality of Za-Kpota (South Benin) Using Machine Learning and Remote Sensing

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第7期16卷 502-522页

作者： Jennifer A. Ahlonsou Firmin M. Adandedji abdoukarim alassane Consolas Adihou Mama Daouda Laboratoire dHydrologie Applique (LHA) Institut National de lEau (INE) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Centre dExcellence dAfrique pour lEau et lAssainissement (C2EA) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Department of Water Directorate of Zou Water Service Bohicon Benin

Accessing drinking water is a global issue. This study aims to contribute to the assessment of groundwater quality in the municipality of Za-Kpota (southern Benin) using remote sensing and Machine Learning. The methodological approach used consisted in linking groundwater physico-chemical parameter data collected in the field and in the laboratory using AFNOR 1994 standardized methods to satellite data (Landsat) in order to sketch out a groundwater quality prediction model. The data was processed using QGis (Semi-Automatic Plugin: SCP) and Python (Jupyter Netebook: Prediction) softwares. The results of water analysis from the sampled wells and boreholes indicated that most of the water is acidic (pH varying between 5.59 and 7.83). The water was moderately mineralized, with conductivity values of less than 1500 μs/cm overall (59 µS/cm to 1344 µS/cm), with high concentrations of nitrates and phosphates in places. The dynamics of groundwater quality in the municipality of Za-Kpota between 2008 and 2022 are also marked by a regression in land use units (a regression in vegetation and marshland formation in favor of built-up areas, bare soil, crops and fallow land) revealed by the diachronic analysis of satellite images from 2008, 2013, 2018 and 2022. Surveys of local residents revealed the use of herbicides and pesticides in agricultural fields, which are the main drivers contributing to the groundwater quality deterioration observed in the study area. Field surveys revealed the use of herbicides and pesticides in agricultural fields, which are factors contributing to the deterioration in groundwater quality observed in the study area. The results of the groundwater quality prediction models (ANN, RF and LR) developed led to the conclusion that the model based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN: R2 = 0.97 and RMSE = 0) is the best for groundwater quality changes modelling in the Za-Kpota municipality.

关键词： Groundwater Land Use Electrical Conductivity Machine Learning Za-Kpota

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Assessment of Groundwater Physico-Chemical Quality in the Ouémé Delta (Southern-Benin)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 298-317页

作者： Aoulatou alassane Zakari Dadja Toyou Masamaéya Gnazou abdoukarim alassane Kodjo Apelete Raoul Kpegli Ousmane Touré Boukari Bio Guidah Chabi Bénito Didier Koukpohounsi Daouda Mama Laboratory of Applied Hydrology National Water Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Benin (LHA/INE/UAC) Cotonou B&eacutenin International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA—UNESCO Chair) Cotonou B&eacutenin Laboratory of Applied Hydrology and Environment Faculty of Sciences University of Lom&eacute Togo (LHAE/FDS/UL) Lom&eacute Togo

Groundwater resources are the main sources of water used to supply drinking water to the population of the Ouémé Delta via the Continental Terminal aquifer. Urbanization, population growth, and agricultural and industrial activities have resulted in a deterioration in the quality of these resources. To assess the quality of the delta’s groundwater and its suitability for human consumption and irrigation, a total of fourteen (14) physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in some forty existing water points between September 2020 and March 2021, using standard water analysis techniques. The values obtained were compared with the potability standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Republic of Benin and were subjected to statistical analysis (principal component analysis (PCA)). In addition, methods for determining the suitability of water for irrigation were used. The results showed that the waters are acidic to slightly neutral and influenced by ambient temperature. In addition, the waters are moderately mineralized, with conductivities (24 - 1205 μS/cm) in line with WHO standards. A comparison of the analytical results of the WHO (2017) and Benin (2001) standards indicates that the majority of the waters studied are of good quality for all the chemical parameters considered. Nevertheless, some samples show levels of nitrates (21%), potassium (14% to 16%), calcium (13%), ammonium (12%), nitrites (8%) and bicarbonates (10%) over their respective standards. The Wilcox and Riverside diagrams indicate that the majority of waters (90%) have excellent suitability for irrigation and no negative effect on soil fertilization.

关键词： Benin OuéméDelta Groundwater Physico-Chemical Quality Consumption Irrigation

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Isotope Tracking of Surface Water Groundwater Interaction in the Beninese Part of the Iullemeden Aquifer System

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2024年第7期16卷 489-501页

作者： Houégnon Géraud Vinel Gbewezoun Samuel Yao Ganyaglo abdoukarim alassane Samuel Boakye Dampare Gaya Salifou Orou Pete Alou Moussa Boukari Daouda Mama Laboratoire dHydrologie Applique (LHA) of Institut National de lEau (INE) Universit dAbomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin International Chair in Mathematical Physics and Applications (ICMPA-UNESCO Chair) Universit dAbomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences (SNAS) University of Ghana-Atomic Campus Accra Ghana Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC) Accra Ghana

The Kandi basin is located in northeast Benin (West Africa). This study is focused on the estimation of water fluxes exchanged between the river Niger (and its tributaries) and the transboundary Iullemeden Aquifer System. In that framework, an innovative approach based on the application of the Bayesian Mixing Model (MixSIAR) analysis on water isotopes (oxygen-18, deuterium and tritium) was performed. Moreover, to assess the relevance of the model outputs, Pearson’s correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) have been done. A complex relationship between surface water and groundwater has been found. Sixty percent (60%) of groundwater samples are made of more than 70% river water and rainwater;while 31.25% of surface water samples are made of about 84% groundwater. To safeguard sustainable water resources for the well-being of the local communities, surface water and groundwater must be managed as a unique component in the Kandi basin.

关键词： Benin West Africa Kandi basin Iullemeden Aquifer System Surface Water Groundwater Interaction

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Piezometry of the Aquifer of the Continental Terminal in the Borehole Fields of Godomey and Ouedo for the Delimitation of the Protection Areas around Boreholes of Ouedo

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Open Journal of Geology 2017年第12期7卷 1786-1800页

作者： Crépin Zevounou abdoukarim alassane Christophe Kaki Taofic Bacharou Joanèle Koudemekpo Civil Engineering (GC) Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi (EPAC/UAC) Abomey-Calavi Republic of Benin Department of Earth Sciences Faculty of Sciences and Technics (FAST/UAC) Abomey-Calavi Republic of Benin

Groundwater is naturally protected against pollution through its filter layer which is the soil. However, the development of human activities, including the use of chemicals, gradually reduces the purifying action of this layer. It is therefore essential to develop strategies for a better management of this precious resource. The general objective of this work is to establish the piezometry of the aquifer of the Continental Terminal in the borehole fields of Godomey and Ouedo to improve the delineation of protection perimeters around the boreholes of Ouedo. The study was conducted using three methods that were the FCR method, the infiltration method and the method of Krijgsman and Lobo-Ferreira. The exploitation of the piezometric map enabled to obtain the hydraulic gradient of 0.165%. The radii of immediate protection’s perimeters (PPI) range from 55.653 m to 99.755 m. The retained close protection’ perimeters (PPR) and remote protection’s perimeters (PPE) have an ellipsoidal shape. Their upstream radii range from 220.72 m to 390 m for PPR and from 356.52 m to 659.52 m for PPE;the downstream radii range from 213.06 m to 387.25 m for PPR, and from 321.28 m to 603.97 m for PPE;the radii perpendicular to the flow direction to the right of each borehole vary from 212.58 m to 381.16 m for PPR, and from 336.11 m to 602.67 m for PPE. Probable risks identified for groundwater contamination in these protection areas are the discharge of domestic waste water, solid wastes and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming practices.

关键词： Groundwater Anthropogenic Activities Protection Perimeter Piezometry

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Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Gushing Water Aquifers in the Coastal Sedimentary Basin of Benin (West Africa)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第7期9卷 149-163页

作者： Prudence Mahutondji Dossou Crépin Zevounou abdoukarim alassane Christophe Kaki Moussa Boukari Daouda Mama Chaire Internationale en Physique Mathématique et Applications (CIPMA-Chaire UNESCO) Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Géologie Mines et Environnement Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire d’Hydrologie Appliquée (LHA) Institut National de l’Eau (INE) Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin

The coastal sedimentary basin in southern Benin consists of monoclinal layers divided into two plateau zones (North and South) which are separated by a longitudinal depression ESE-WNW. The valleys of the main N-S-oriented rivers (Ouémé, Couffo and Mono) set the bondaries of the different plateau of the BSC (Coastal Sedimentary Basin). The present study, based on geology, hydrochemistry, temperature and log data available on boreholes, makes a physico-chemical characterization of the waters of the gushing aquifers of the coastal sedimentary basin of Benin. The gushing water boreholes are shared between the valleys of the main rivers of the BSC. Some of these boreholes are thermal with a water temperature between 38 and 69 degrees Celsius. The hydrogeological correlations established in the BSC in accordance to the North- South direction in the valleys of the main streams (Couffo and Ouémé) reveal that the captured aquifers are sands, marls and limestones that respond either in major discordance (northern zone) or above the sedimentation gaps (southern zone). Chemical analyses have shown that gushing thermal waters are mineralized in the south with a neutral to basic pH and are highly concentrated with bicarbonate, calcium and magnesium ions. In the North, on the other hand, thermal waters are acidic with a pH ranging from 4.8 to 5.9. The acidic nature of the northern waters is influenced by the crystalline base while the southern neutral to basic waters are influenced by the lithological nature (limestone and marl) of the aquifer. The random distribution of thermal water boreholes in the valleys of the main BSC streams is believed to be related to

关键词： Gushing Aquifers Thermal Water Physico-Chemical BSC

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Sediment Speciation from Dekin Groundwater at District of Dangbo (South Benin)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2018年第10期6卷 59-72页

作者： abdoukarim alassane Waris Kéwouyèmi Chouti Hermione Adeke Jechonias Hounkpe Daouda Mama Moussa Boukari Laboratory of Applied Hydrology National Institute of Water (NIW) University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry and Environment Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (FAST) University of Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Geology Mines and Environment Faculty of Sciences and Engineering University of Abomey-Calavi Benin

The objective of this research is to determine the physicochemical elements contained in the groundwater and in the deposits originating from these waters of the Arrondissement of Dêkin, Commune of Dangbo in the South of Benin. Physical parameters were measured from the multi-parameter and the chemical parameters by reagent assays. The precipitate from the groundwater was studied by speciation. The different assays were carried out using the Hach Lange DR2800 Spectrophotometer. The data processing was done with different software including ArcGis 10.1, *** of Roland SIMLER and PHREEQC 2.17.4137. Strong mineralization of the deposit from the drilling water was indicated in these three elements: Copper (220.1 mg/kg), iron (2528 mg/kg) and zinc (239.5 mg/kg) whose contents are higher than the French guideline values for heavy metal content in sediments in mg/kg. The calculation of the Saturation Indices of the drilling water shows saturation with respect to Goethite and Hematite. All these results have led us to conclude that the high content of Metallic Trace Element (MTE) in the deposit and especially of the iron in the drilling water originates from the dissolution-precipitation of the aquifer rock.

关键词： Metal Trace Element Chemical Speciation Groundwater Geochemical Fraction Dangbo Benin

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Flow Pattern and Residence Time of Groundwater within Volta River Basin in Benin(Northwestern Benin)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2018年第7期10卷 663-680页

作者： Were Gedeon Sambienou Laurence Gourcy abdoukarim alassane Christophe Kaki Yao Yelidji Joel Tossou Daouda Mama Moussa Boukari Kamel Zouari Laboratory of Applied Hydrology University of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin BRGM OrleansFrance Department of Science and Earth University of Abomey-CalaviCotonouBenin Directorate of Water Resources(DGEau) CotonouBenin Laboratory of Radio-Analyses and Environment National Engineering School of SfaxSfaxTunisia

The knowledge about groundwater flow conditions within Volta river basin in Benin, has restricted information coming to piezometry, water storage time, water path, and water quality. A good groundwater resources assessment of this sudano-sahelian area, is a huge condition for the sustainable management of water resources, which since the part of the 20th century is facing a severe drought that leads to a greater aridity. This article provides a summary with the main elements of carbon isotope (13C and 14C) as well as tritium (3H) coupled with hydrogeological and hydrochemical data. The goal is to improve the initial water recharging and the groundwater flow system within the aquifer. Two main results can be produced from the groundwater chemistry. First, the interactions between groundwater and clay minerals related to the residence time of groundwater are indicated by a slight evolution of Ca-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-HCO3 to Na-HCO3. Beside that towards water types Cl-NO3 indicates the anthropogenic influence on groundwater, related to agricultural activities and sanitation conditions. The carbon-14 activity measured on the TDIC is between 17.29 and 85.47 pmC. Therefore, it contains some samples covering a wide period of time from now to the Holocene implying a continuous system recharging over time. All the data confirm the assumption of a homogeneous, largely unified aquifer system with a multi-layer structure, but it also points out the low resource sustainability and a strong anthropogenic contamination of the most superficial horizons.

关键词： Hydrochemistry Radiocarbon Recharging Residence Time Dating Volta River Basin in Benin

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Negative Impacts of the Practices of Acadjas on the Aheme Lake in Benin

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第4期5卷 301-309页

作者： Comlan Achille Dedjiho abdoukarim alassane Waris Chouti Etienne Sagbo Odilon Changotade Daouda Mama Moussa Boukari Dominique C. K. Sohounhloue 1Laboratoire d’Hydrologie Appliquée (LHA) Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin 2Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et de l’Environnement Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Laboratoire d’étude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée (LERCA) école Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Laboratoire d’Hydrologie Appliquée (LHA) Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et de l’Environnement Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) Université d’Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Bénin

The objective of this study is to reveal the negative impacts of the practices of acadjas on the Aheme lake in Benin. Various material and methods were used for the measures of the physicochemical parameters such as: colorimetric HACH DR/890, the multiparameter WTW 340i and specific kits for the dosage of minerals. Also, the investigations were made with the resources by persons. It emerges from this study that the practices of acadjas asphyxiate and disturb the lake species. In fact, the concentrations in dissolved oxygen became very weak (1595 mg/L to 3740 mg/L), and the contents of nitrites (2, 25 mg/L to 14, 5 mg/L), suspension materials and turbidity are raised. The consequences both on the aquatic fauna and on the vegetation of the bank are worrying. The waterside populations are also threatened. Some actions in an attempt to regulate the practice of acadjas and promote reforestation of the lagoon bank need to be put in place.

关键词： Acadjas Negative Impacts Aquatic Fauna Aheme Lake Benin

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Chemical Evolution of the Continental Terminal Shallow Aquifer in the South of Coastal Sedimentary Basin of Benin (West-Africa) Using Multivariate Factor Analysis

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第6期7卷 496-515页

作者： abdoukarim alassane Rim Trabelsi Léonce F. Dovonon Diane J. Odeloui Moussa Boukari Kamel Zouari Daouda Mama Laboratoire d’Hydrologie Appliquée Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Laboratoire de Radio-Analyse et Environnement Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax Université de Sfax Sfax Tunisie Laboratoire d’Etude et de Recherche en Chimie Appliquée Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi Université d'Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin

In southern Benin, where population is growing and water demand for domestic activities is increasing, water balance assessment constitutes a serious concern about sustainability of water resources. Major ions have been employed with statistical methods to identify geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality. Multivariate statistical analysis (principal component analysis “PCA” and hierarchical cluster analysis “HCA”) revealed the main sources of groundwater mineralization. According to the hydrochemical data and the methods of treatment, groundwater mineralization in the investigated aquifer is caused by four main processes: 1) mixing with Nokoué lake and Porto-Novo lagoon salt water causing salinity to increase in the southern part of the aquifer;2) anthropogenic activities;3) cation exchange process;and 4) soil CO2 diffusion providing a large proportion of bicarbonates.

关键词： Hydrogeochemical Process Pollution Shallow Groundwater Continental Terminal Benin

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Microbiological Quality of “Rabilé”, a Yeast Used for Fermentation of Dolo, a Local Beer in Dédougou, Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 849-864页

作者： Amana Metuor Dabiré Nicolas Ouédraogo Cheick alassane Djibila Damis Yves Patrik Bouniounou Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory (LABIOGENE) Universit&#233 Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Training and Research Unit in Applied Sciences and Technologies Department of Biochemistry Microbiology University of Dedougou Dedougou Burkina Faso National Center for Research and Training on Malaria (CNRFP) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Sorghum beer or dolo is part of the eating habits of part of the population of Dédougou because of its low price compared with industrial beers. Its production is an ancestral tradition that uses traditional equipment and gives dolo organoleptic properties that are not found in industrial beers. The production process involves several stages, including fermentation, which itself comprises natural lactic fermentation followed by alcoholic fermentation using traditional yeasts, which are not controlled in any way. The general aim of this study is to assess the microbiological quality of these fermentative yeasts in the town of Dédougou, in order to contribute to the health safety of the population and the promotion of these local beers. Twenty samples of fermenting yeast were analyzed according to ISO standards, to isolate enterobacteria, total and faecal coliforms according to standard procedures for isolating these micro-organisms. The isolated strains were identified using the API20E gallery. Microbiological analyses revealed the presence of 51.17% enterobacteria, 45.38% total coliforms and 3.45% thermotolerant coliforms. We counted 40% Escherichia coli, 20% Enterobacter cloacae, 20% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 20% Klebsiella spp. All the strains detected are capable of surviving in hostile conditions and could harm the quality of the dolo, consumer health and cause real collective food poisoning in the town of Dédougou. This enabled us to assess the microbial quality of these yeasts and to propose more suitable measures for producing and preserving dolo under hygienic conditions to protect consumer health.

关键词： Dolo Yeast Rabilé Microbiological Quality Bacteria

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