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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Positivity of Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA) Patterns, Native Anti-DNA and Extractable Nuclear Antigens (ENA) Antibodies: Experience from a Laboratory in Dakar

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Open Journal of Rheumatology and Autoimmune Diseases 2024年第1期14卷 26-36页

作者： diop abdou Diallo Thierno abdoulaye Ndiaye Babacar Mahou Chantal diop Marième Gaye Dubrous Phillippe Seck abdoulaye Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Cheikh Anta diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Background: Diagnosis of autoimmune diseases (AID) is challenging, due to overlapping features with other non-immune disorders. Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) are sensitive screening tests but anti-deoxyribonucleic acid-antibody (anti-DNA), and anti-extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) are specific for AIDs. We aimed to look at ANA patterns in our patients and correlated them with anti-ENA for proper interpretation and better patient management cost-effectively. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted over 1 year from January to December 2022 who were tested for ANA at biology medical laboratory of Pasteur Institute of Dakar. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA results were also analyzed for ANA-positive patients. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 14.0, p Results: 216 patients were analyzed. Women predominated at 79.2% and mean age was 48 years [CI 95%, 46 - 50], with extremes of 10 and 89. Most represented age group was [41 - 60] with 38%. ANA was positive in 27 (12.5%) of patients, 59.2% of whom were strongly positive (titer of 1/1000, 1/3200 or 1/6400). The most common pattern was nuclear speckled, which was found in 77.8% of samples. Anti-ENA and anti-DNA positivity in ANA-positive patients was found respectively in 63% (17/27) and 1.4% (3/27) of the samples analyzed. Most commonly identified anti-ENA was anti-Sm 29.6%, anti-SSA 29.6%, anti-Ro-52 25.9%, anti-RNP 18.5% and anti-SSB 14.8% which was associated with speckled pattern. Association results indicated a significant relationship between both tests and between ANA titer in the anti-ENA- and ANA-positive patients (p 0.001). Conclusions: ANA, Anti-ENA and anti-DNA antibodies are essential for AIDS diagnosis. However, the testing repertoire should follow an algorithm comprising of clinical features, followed by ANA results with nuclear, mitotic, and cytoplasmic patterns, anti-ENA, and anti-DNA for a more meaningful, and cost-effective diagnostic approach.

关键词： Antinuclear Antibodies Extractable Nuclear antigen Autoimmune Disease Indirect Immunofluorescence

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Phenotypic Detection of Enterobacterales Strains Susceptible of Producing OXA-48 Carbapenemase

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第2期14卷 115-121页

作者： abdoulaye Seck abdou diop Babacar Ndiaye Assane Dieng Awa Ba Amadou diop Chantal Mahou Douala-Djemba Thierno abdoulaye Diallo Cheikh Anta diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Background: Nowadays, emergence of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales (CPE) throughout the world has become a public health problem, especially in countries with limited resources. In recent years, CPE of type OXA-48 (Ambler class D) have been identified in Dakar. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic detection of OXA-48 CPE using a temocillin disc (30 μg). Methodology: A retrospective study was carried out at Medical Biology Laboratory of Pasteur Institute in Dakar on Ertapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales (ERE) strains isolated from 2015 to 2017. These strains were then tested with a 30 μg temocillin disc. Any strain resistant to temocillin (inhibition diameter Results: Forty-one ERE isolated during the study period were tested, of which 34 (82.9%) were OXA-48 based on phenotypic detection using temocillin disc and confirmed by PCR (100%). OXA-48 CPE strains detected were composed of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 14;41.2%), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 8;23.5%), Escherichia coli (n = 7, 20.5%), Citrobacter freundii (n = 3;8.8%), Cronobacter sakazakii (n = 1;3%) and Morganella morganii (n = 1;3%). Conclusion: Temocillin resistance has a good positive predictive value for detecting OXA-48 CPE by phenotypic method, confirmed by PCR. Temocillin is therefore a good marker for detection of OXA-48 CPE except Hafnia alvei.

关键词： Ertapenem Temocillin Phenotypic Detection Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales OXA-48

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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in Patients at Pasteur Institute of Dakar in Senegal from 2016 to 2020: Prevalence and Seroprotection Level

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第1期13卷 68-77页

作者： diop abdou Ndiaye Babacar Diallo Thierno abdoulaye Mahou Chantal Guèye Omar Dubrous Philippe Dubrous Philippe Seck abdoulaye Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal National Public Health Laboratory Thiès Senegal Cheikh Anta diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly endemic in Senegal. Vaccination of all children against HBV was introduced in 1999 and included in Expanded Programme on Immunisation in 2005. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and immune status against HBV in patients received at Pasteur Institut in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2020, patients aged between 1 and 96 years received laboratory were included in the study. Serum samples were analysed for HBV serology (HBs antigen: HBsAg, HBs antibody: HBsAb and HBc antibody: HBcAb) using ARCHITECT? analyser. Patients with anti-HBs antibody levels (HBsAb ≥ 10 IU/l) were considered seroprotected against HBV. Results: A total of 5629 patients were analysed with a mean age of 39 years and extremes from 1 to 96 years. The most represented age group was 31 - 45 years with 38.4%. HBsAg was present in 520 patients (9.2%) and was signed by sex and age group. Anti-HBc antibodies were found in 52.7% of patients and 1603 (28.48%) had isolated anti-HBs antibodies reflecting proportion of people vaccinated at the time of the study. However, 2143 patients (41.9%) had no seroprotection (HBsAb 10 IU/L) and 640 (12.6%) had strong seroprotection defined as HBsAb > 1000 IU/L. Conclusion: Our results show a significant presence of virus in Senegalese population and low vaccination coverage, especially in adults. Evaluation of HBsAb levels and provision of HBV booster shots should be considered for children in Senegal.

关键词： HBsAb HBsAg HBV Seroprevalence Seroprotection Vaccination

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Prevalence and Resistance Profile of Muenchen Cefotaximase (CTX-M) Group 1 Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains in Dakar, Senegal

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第2期13卷 137-145页

作者： abdoulaye Seck Babacar Ndiaye abdou diop Malick Ndao Cheikh Fall Assane Dieng Thierno abdoulaye Diallo Chantal Mahou Philippe Dubrous Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Institut Pasteurde Dakar Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Laboratoire National de Santé Publique Thies Senegal Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie H&#244pital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Senegal

Background: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are a real public health problem, particularly in Africa. Among these ESBLs, there are the Muenchen Cefotaximase (CTX-M) described all over the world of which the most frequent is the CTX-M of group 1 particularly the CTX-M-15 variant. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CTX-M group 1 ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains and to test their antibiotics susceptibility profile. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to detect ESBL-secreting Escherichia coli strains by the synergy test. Identification of CTX-M type ESBL from group 1 was performed using the NG-Test CTX-M rapid diagnostic test (NG-Biotech®). Antibiotic susceptibility profile was determined using CA-SFM/EUCAST guidelines 2019. Data entry and statistical analysis were performed with Excel version 2010 and SPSS 20.0 respectively. Results: Eighty-two ESBL-producing Escherichia coli strains were tested. A group 1 CTX-M ESBL was detected in 75.6% of the strains (n = 62). These strains were highly resistant to cefotaxim (100%), aztreonam (100%), ceftazidim (85.4%) and cefepim (66.1%). They were also resistant to quinolones, gentamycin and sulfadoxine-trimethoprim combination. However, these strains showed sensitivity to ertapenem (100%), cefoxitin (69.3%), tigecyclin (66%), and amikacin (66.1%). The combination of piperacillin and tazobactam was active on 30.6% of the strains against 6.4% for the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. Conclusion: The CTX-M type ESBL of group 1 was present in the majority of ESBL-producing Escherichia colis trains. Despite the production of this enzyme conferring resistance to most beta-lactam antibiotics, some antibiotics remain active to treat infections caused by these germs.

关键词： Escherichia coli ESBL CTX-M Group Prevalence Antibiotic Resistance

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High-Risk HPV Detection and Cytological Correlation in Cervical Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study in Dakar, Senegal

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2024年第4期14卷 215-224页

作者： Babacar Ndiaye Mama Sy Fatoumata Diombo Diao abdou diop Mareme Seye Thiam Adama Sene Rena Derwiche Samba Diao Thierno abdoulaye Diallo Chantal Mahou abdoulaye Seck Medical Biology Laboratory Institut Pasteur Dakar Dakar Senegal Histology-Embryology-Cytogenetics Laboratory FMPO-UCAD Dakar Senegal Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory Cheikh Anta DIOP University Dakar Senegal

Background: Cervical cancer is a significant global public health issue, with an effective screening strategy being a key challenge in its prevention. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV and assess the contribution of molecular screening to primary cervical cancer detection in Dakar. Patients and Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2016 to December 2020. We compared cervico-vaginal smear results, classified according to the Bethesda 2014 system, with molecular screening results from the Cobas® 4800 HPV test (Roche). Additionally, we conducted a survey of health facilities in the Dakar medical region to evaluate the availability and accessibility (cost) of molecular testing. Results: A total of 106 patient files were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 43.6 years (range: 22 - 76 years). Smears were normal in 41.5% of cases. Detected lesions included ASCUS (49.1%), LSIL (5.7%), and HSIL (3.8%). The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 30.2%, with non-genotype 16/18 high-risk HPV (HR HPV) infections being the most common (73%). Genotypes 16 and 18 were found in 16% and 11% of cases, respectively. Among normal smears, HPV was present in 11.3% of cases. HPV typing was positive in 40.3% of ASCUS smears and 83.3% of LSILs. HPV testing identified 85% of lesions classified as CIN2 or higher, compared to only 70% detected through cytology. The survey revealed that molecular HPV screening was unavailable in referral hospitals, and the high cost of testing in the private sector posed a significant barrier to access. Conclusion: Cervical cancer remains a serious public health issue in Senegal. The proven effectiveness of preventive measures, such as vaccination against the most oncogenic HPV types and molecular screening for HPV detection, could significantly reduce the incidence of this disease.

关键词： Cervical Cancer HPV Cytology Screening Senegal

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Trends and Climate Drivers of Extreme Precipitation Variability in Senegal: A Century-Long In-Situ Rainfall Analysis

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2025年第1期15卷 20-41页

作者： Moussa Diakhaté Khadidiatou Ina Mane abdou Lahat Dieng Aïssatou Badji Mamadou Ndiaye Dahirou Wane Amadou Thierno Gaye Polytech Daimniadio Universit Amadou Makhtar Mbow Diamniadio Senegal Laboratoire de Physique de lAtmosphre et de lOcanSimon Fongang (LPAO-SF) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal Ple Science Technologie et Numrique Universit Numrique Cheikh Hamidou Kane Diamniadio Senegal Centre de Recherches Agricoles de lInstitut Sngalais de Recherches Agricoles (CRA-ISRA) Saint-Louis Senegal

In this study, we focused on describing the trends of Extreme Precipitation Indices (EPI) in Senegal and analyzing the significant links between their variability and key climatic factors such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation Index (ONI), the Land-Ocean Temperature Index (LOTI), and the Land Surface Temperature Index (LST). Based on a century of daily rainfall data from various Senegalese stations, this study utilized twelve (12) EPIs calculated according to the definitions of the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). To analyze the temporal variation characteristics of extreme precipitation, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test was employed to perform a uniformity test on the precipitation data series. A dependence method through differentiation was used to remove data trends and observe correlations between the climate change indices ONI, LOTI, LST, and EPIs. An approach based on lagged correlations between the ONI index and the EPIs was applied to evaluate the predictability of extreme precipitation patterns in Senegal. Trend analysis indicates a significant decrease in total precipitation and frequency and intensity indices in most stations, while duration indices show no clear trend. Regarding their interannual variability, the analysis shows negative correlations between ONI and total precipitation, consistent with the known influence of ENSO on Sahel precipitation. Correlations with LOTI and LST indices, on the other hand, suggest that the Clausius-Clapeyron theory does not hold at Senegal’s latitudes, but that adjacent Atlantic ocean warming influence is crucial in modulating extreme precipitation patterns. Finally, on the predictability of extreme precipitation, the study shows a significant signal up to three months in advance with ENSO for 58% of the EPIs and up to two months in advance for 90% of the EPIs.

关键词： Senegal Extreme Precipitation Trends and Climate Variability El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Analysis, Variability and Rainfall Prediction in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Case of the Lake Guiers in Senegal

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第11期13卷 806-819页

作者： abdou Arame Fall Saidou Ndao Aba diop UFR Sciences et Technologies (SET) University Iba Der Thiam of Thies (UIDT) Thies Senegal Laboratory of Water and Environment Sciences and Technologies (LaSTEE) Polytechnic School of Thies (EPT) Thies Senegal Statistics and Random Models Research Team (ERESMA) University Alione Diop (UAD) Bambey Senegal

The aim of this article is to predict the rainfall evolution of a sub-Saharan area in which one of the most important freshwater resources is located: Lake Guiers. Characterized by short seasonal rains of three months, it experienced a long period of drought in the 1970s. We begin by analyzing the temporal distribution of the rainfall including the variability of the data, with a view to predicting a possible return. For this reason, we present here univariate modeling results of rainfall series collected on three stations in the area. The challenge lies in the adequacy of the parameters for the monthly rainfall series, which generates more or less significant forecast errors on the learning bases because of the missing data. This later motivated their conversion to moving average series. On the other hand, the normality of the latter seems to be rejected by the D’Agostino test. Student’s and Mann-Whitney’s tests confirmed the homogeneity. The autocorlograms show the presence of autoregressive terms in the data. Dickey-Fuller and Mann-Kendall tests reveal both trend and seasonality. The stationarity tests of Dickey-Fuller, Phillips-Perron and KPSS have shown that they are non-stationary. As a result, we did an ARIMA modeling method using the Box-Jenkins [1] method with the R software, which involves estimating model parameters, tests of significance, analysis of residualss, selection according to information criteria and forecasts. The results obtained during the learning-test phase showed a quasi-similarity of the base-tests in all the series except for that of Louga.

关键词： Time Series Rain Trend Stationarity Residuals Model Forecast

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Comparative Analysis of Ranging Protocols for Localization by UWB in Outdoor

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Wireless Sensor Network 2018年第5期10卷 103-117页

作者： Salick Diagne Thierry Val abdou Karim Farota Bouya diop Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Atmosphère et des Océans UFR SAT/UGB Saint-Louis Sénégal Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse Université de Toulouse Blagnac France

The rapid evolution of technology in the field of wireless telecommunications and micro components using MEMS technologies (Micro-electromechanical systems) has contributed to the expansion and rapid development of wireless sensor networks (WSN). This rapid development has contributed to the appearance of sensor and actuator networks (WSAN) or even to the Internet of Things with DL-IoT (Device Layer-Internet of Things). This rapid evolution of WSN is due to the enthusiasm generated by this last in industry and research. This new technology is used in several applications, particularly in the outdoor location of communicating nodes. The process of distance calculation between nodes (ranging) is a primordial phase for a precise location of these nodes. This paper presents the result of measurements does with three ranging protocols (TWR, TWR_Skew and SDS-TWR) implemented on DecaWiNo nodes. DecaWiNo nodes use the Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) radio links, proposed by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard amendment of the year 2007, which provides a high-performance ranging by ToF (Time of Flight) [1] [2]. The results are very promising with precision errors of the order of 50 cm over 20 meters.

关键词： Outdoor Location UWB Ranging ToF TWR DecaWiNo

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Solar Energy Recovery and Storage System for Powering Wireless Communicating Nodes

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Energy and Power Engineering 2021年第12期13卷 377-391页

作者： Salick Diagne abdou Karim Farota Ognadon Assogba Bouya diop Thierry Val Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal IRIT University of Toulouse 2 Toulouse France

We find nowadays in several fields of application the presence of IoT technology such as wireless sensor and actuator networks. In this technology, one of the main points of study is the management of energy consumption. In this article, we provide a solar energy harvesting and storage system for powering wireless nodes. The system we propose uses a low power solar pane a P & O control adapted to fuzzy logic for the MPPT. For energy storage, we used the supercapacitor technology. The simulation of the models shows better results than using the P & O command for an autonomous power supply of the wireless communicating nodes in the study region.

关键词： Solar Energy Energy Recovery Supercapacitor Fuzzy Logic

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Performances Analysis of a System of Localization by Angle of Arrival UWB Radio

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International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 2020年第2期13卷 15-27页

作者： Salick Diagne Thierry Val abdou Karim Farota Bouya diop Ognadon Assogba Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Atmosphère et des Océans: Matériaux Energies et Dispositifs (LSAO-MED) Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal IRIT University of Toulouse2 Toulouse France

The increasingly widespread use of sensor and actuator networks and in general of the Internet of Things (IoT) in several areas of precision, imposes upon localization systems that can often equip them with a robust and more precise localization. It is in this sense that UWB technology has proved to be one of the most powerful communication technologies for these localization systems;thanks, in particular to the bandwidth occupied instantaneously by the signal allowing a very fine temporal resolution. Constructors have set up localization kits based on various technologies. These kits facilitate in a way the work of localization of users. In this paper, we present results on the performance study of the Decawave PDoA Kit. This Kit uses the PDoA (Phase Difference of Arrival) to determine the Angle of Arrival (AoA) parameter with UWB technology. This study is in context of localization by AoA for an application to protect agricultural crops against grain-eating birds. The results of the study show overall AoA measurement errors around 10 degrees in an ideal environment.

关键词： Angle of Arrival (AoA) Localization UWB PDoA

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