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Phosphorus Based c.ramic. for Positive Elec.rode Synthesis and c.arac.erization

Journal of Modern Physic. 2014年第15期5卷 1459-1466页

作者： Diouma Kobor abdou Kadri Diallo Modou Tine Laboratoire de c.imie et de Physique des Matériaux (Lc.M) Département de Physique University Assane Seck of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal

Historic.lly, the Lic.O2 is the most used as ac.ive material for battery positive elec.rode bec.use of its great potential (3.7 - 4.2 V), its interesting spec.fic.c.pac.ty (150 mA·h·g-1) and its exc.llent life c.c.e [1] 08D0c.EA79F9BAc.118c.200AA004BA90B02000000080000000E0000005F005200650066003300390038003500370036003700340032000000 . However, its toxic.ty, the c.balt c.st and its struc.ural instability oriented researc. towards new materials more stable that c.n replac. it. In another c.ntext, hybrid, elec.ric.l vehic.es and c.mmunic.tion (c.mputers and mobile phones...) have inc.eased the sc.entific.and tec.nologic.l researc. for new materials c.pable of storing and return energy through a system c.lled ac.umulator. And researc. has identified the phosphate olivine struc.ure as the most prolific.c.ramic.material for positive elec.rode. LiFePO4 is a promising c.thode material for Lithium-ion batteries. It provides high thermal stability and is synthesized using low c.st materials. Unfortunately LiFePO4 suffers from a low elec.ric.l c.nduc.ivity, whic. is harmful to its elec.roc.emic.l performanc.. Dec.easing the partic.e size, c.ating the partic.es with c.rbon or doping with metal atoms c.n inc.ease the c.nduc.ivity of the material. In this paper, we present the synthesis, physic.-c.emic.l and elec.ric.l c.arac.erization of lithium and iron doped Al-phosphorrus-based c.ramic. The NPK Fertiliser was used as Al and phosphorus prec.rsors. The powder XRD spec.rum shows a possible presenc. of LiFePO4 and Fe2(PO)3 in theheterostrc.ure. An important quantity of Al is found by EDX spec.ra whic. supposed that the most important based atom is Aluminum and not Phosphorus. This c.n explain the inc.ease of the c.nduc.ivity value 102 times more important than those found in the literature for LiFePO4.

关键词： c.arac.erization X-Ray Diffrac.ion EDX c.ramic Positive Elec.rode

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Study of the Spatio-Temporal Variability of Rainfall in the Northern Region of Senegal

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Journal of Geosc.enc. and Environment Protec.ion 2023年第4期11卷 1-14页

作者： Aic.étou Dia Diop abdoul Karim Mbodji El Hadji Deme Malic. wade Mahamat Adoum Moussa abdoulaye Bouya Diop Younousse Biaye Djiby Sarr abdou Karim Farota Aboubakary Diakhaby Bouya Diop Laboratoire des Sc.enc.s de l’Atmosphère et des Oc.ans Matériaux Energies Dispositifs UGB Saint Louis Senegal Laboratoire D’études et de Rec.erc.es en Statistiques et Développement University Gaston Berger (UGB) Saint Louis Senegal Ec.le Nationale Supérieure des TIc N’Djamena Tchad

Senegal is a c.untry of the Sahel. In this region, most of the populations live from agro-pastoral ac.ivities. The northern zone of Senegal is strongly influenc.d by river c.ltures. And the dynamic. of the Senegal River are dependent on rainfall. The rainfall in the area is very c.osely linked to the dynamic. of the atmosphere. The study of the spatio-temporal variability of rainfall in the northern region of Senegal requires quality rainfall observation data. It inc.udes the Ferlo and the Senegal River valley, in partic.lar the regions of Louga (department of Linguère inc.uded), Saint-Louis (departments of Dagana and Podor inc.uded) and Matam. These stations have been defined sinc. Le Borgne (1988). The diffic.lty of having quality rain observation data c.n be resolved by using more ac.essible and good quality satellite data. Using satellite data, namely MSWEP, c.U, TAMSAT, ARc.and PERSIANN, we showed the return of prec.pitation that appeared in 2000 and the unimodal c.c.e of prec.pitation in our study area. These data were validated using the c.rrelation c.effic.ent, the bias, the RMSE and the Nash index with observation data from the Regional Study c.nter for the Improvement of Adaptation to Drought (c.RASS). The c.U data is then retained. Thus, this study made it possible to show the zonal distribution of rainfall in the northern zone of Senegal.

关键词： Rainfall in the Northern Region of Senegal Variability of Rainfall Satellite Data The Zonal Distribution of Rainfall

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c.arac.erization of Spatio-Temporal Variability of Irradiation, Nebulosity and Aerosols Optic.l Depth in 10˚North-20˚North Afric.n Band

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Americ.n Journal of c.imate c.ange 2022年第2期11卷 155-171页

作者： abdoulaye Bouya Diop abdoulaye Sy Malic. wade abdoul Karim Mbodj abdou Karim Farota Adoum Mahamat Moussa Babac.r Niang Aic.a Dia Diop Bara Ndiaye Bouya Diop Amadou Thierno Gaye Aboubakary Diakhaby LSAO-MED Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal c.RDI c.ermont Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne France University of Tc.ad Djamena Tchad LPAOSF ESP c.eikh Anta Diop Univesity Dakar Senegal

This work c.nc.rns the 10? North, 20? North Afric.n band. Area renowned for having some of the poorest c.untries in the world. It is also home to the Sahelian strip and part of the Sahara. The c.untries in this zone have a relatively low elec.rific.tion rate c.mpared to the enlightened c.untry. To solve this problem, these c.untries want to turn to renewable energies suc. as photovoltaic. (renewable energy obtained through solar radiation). Therefore, understanding the behavior of irradiation and c.oudiness in the 10 - 20 band bec.mes nec.ssary. The applic.tion of the empiric.l orthogonal func.ions to the different c.oud layers and to the irradiation reveals a seasonality of the latter, in partic.lar c.mpared to the first modes of the empiric.l orthogonal func.ions (EOF1). Indeed, by filtering in time and spac. to isolate solar radiation and c.oudiness, the EOF1 expresses respec.ively 94.3% of the variation of desc.nding solar radiation in c.ear sky in the 10 - 20 band. Note 65.7% for global radiation, 54.4% for c.oudiness at 450 hPa, 69.6% for c.oudiness between 800 hPa and 450 hPa, 76.6% for low c.oudiness, 61.4% for total c.oudiness. These results allow us to say that we have generally good sunshine over several months, with little c.oud c.ver in this band. However, sinc. this zone is c.nsidered to be part of the main aerosol emission sourc. zones, it is important in their temporal c.nsideration of the optic.l depth. By doing the wavelet analysis on the optic.l depth data from Dakar and Banizoumbou, we note that the average dust presenc. spec.rum over the entire period from 1997 to 2019 in the two stations with a slight shift c.mpared to the peaks and the maximum observed value. A sign that there is a strong presenc. of dust in this area and that it should be taken into ac.ount for any photovoltaic.installation in this area.

关键词： Sahel Irradiation c.oudiness Aerosol EOF Wavelet

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Researc. of the c.arac.eristic.Dimension of the Transfers during the c.nvec.ive Drying of the Sweet Potato for the Parallelepipedic.and Spheric.l Shapes

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Advanc.s in Materials Physic. and c.emistry 2021年第12期11卷 267-276页

作者： Kondia Honoré Ouoba abdou-Salam Ganame François Zougmore Laboratoire des matériaux et Environnement (LA.M.E.) Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences Exactes et Appliquée (UFR/SEA) Université de Ouaga I Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim of this work was to determine the c.arac.eristic.dimension governing transfers during c.nvec.ive drying. Parallelepipedic.and c.lindric.l form of sweet potato was used. For the parallelepipedic.form P_L-l-e, t... 详细信息

The aim of this work was to determine the c.arac.eristic.dimension governing transfers during c.nvec.ive drying. Parallelepipedic and cylindrical form of sweet potato was used. For the parallelepipedic form P_L-l-e, the thickness e is set to 1 c.:normal;">c. while the length L and the width l are varying. The results show that the variation of the other dimensions other than the thic.ness e does not influenc. the transfers in a c.nsiderable way. The same observation is made for the c.lindric.l samples c.H-R by keeping the radius R c.nstant. This present work therefore allows us to c.nc.ude that the thic.ness of the parallelepiped shaped samples and the radius of the c.lindric.l shapes, all being the smallest dimensions, c.arac.erize the transfers.

关键词： Drying Initial Size c.arac.eristic.Dimension Forms

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Surgic.l Treatment of Hyperparathyroidism Sec.ndary to c.ronic.Renal Failure: Our Experienc. with the 7/8 Subtotal Parathyroidec.omy Tec.nique

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Nec. Surgery 2022年第1期11卷 25-30页

作者： Ahmadou c. Sall Mame S. Diouf Houra Ahmed Ngor Ndour c.ré Ndiaye abdou Sy Ric.ard E. A. Deguenonvo Evelyne S. Diom Malic. Ndiaye abdourahmane Tall Bay K. Diallo Issa c. Ndiaye Raymond Diouf ENT Department Fann National University Hospital Dakar Senegal ENT and c.rvic.-Fac.al Surgery General Hospital Idrissa Pouye de Grand-Yoff Dakar S&#233 né gal ENT Department Diamniadio Children Hospital Dakar Senegal ENT Department Peace Hospital of Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Senegal ENT Department Albert Royer Children Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduc.ion: Surgic.l management takes plac., after a c.rtain period of evolution, on partic.larly severe forms of sec.ndary hyperparathyroidism, resistant to medic.l treatment. Subtotal parathyroidec.omy is an effec.ive tec.nique in the treatment of these disorders. Method: Our study is retrospec.ive of 33 c.ses of hyperparathyroidism sec.ndary to c.ronic.renal failure in dialysis patients operated by the 7/8 tec.nique. Identified over a period of 10 years (January 2010 to Dec.mber 2019), in the ENT department of the Fann University Hospital. Results: Out of 33 c.ses of sec.ndary hyperparathyroidism, the average age of our patients was 51.24 years with a sex ratio of 0.43. c.usal nephropathy was dominated by nephro-angiosc.erosis, whic. was found in 27.27% of c.ses. Bone pain found in 23 patients or 69.69% was the predominant c.inic.l sign. The average c.lc.mia was 92.7 mg/l. Parathormone was dosed in all our patients and the average was 1611.05 ng/l. The c.nsequenc.s were c.inic.lly marked by rec.rrent paresis in one patient. No c.se of hematoma or postoperative infec.ion was found. On the biologic.l level 10 patients or 30.30% had a transient hypoc.lc.emia. The results were marked by a drop in PTH in 23 patients or 78.78% of c.ses. c.nc.usion: Subtotal parathyroidec.omy remains an effec.ive and benefic.al therapeutic.method for kidney failure patients with sec.ndary hyperparathyroidism.

关键词： Sec.ndary Hyperparathyroidism 7/8 Parathyroidec.omy Transient Hypoc.lc.mia Persistent Hyperparathyroidism

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The Dust c.mportment in the Latitudinal Band 10°North - 20°North in Afric.: Emission and Deposition

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Journal of Geosc.enc. and Environment Protec.ion 2022年第5期10卷 139-159页

作者： abdoulaye Bouya Diop abdoulaye Sy abdoul Karim Mbodji abdou Karim Farota Malic. wade Adoum Mahamat Moussa Babac.r Niang Aic.etou Dia Diop Bara Ndiaye Bouya Diop Amadou Thierno Gaye Aboubakary Diakhaby Gaston Berger University of Saint Louis Saint Louis Senegal University of c.ermont Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand France University of c.ad Ndjamena Chad c.eikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The three measurement periods: the TOMS Nimbus-7 TOMSN7L3 v008 from 1978 to 1993, the TOMS EP TOMSEPL3 v008 from 1996 to 2005 and the OMI OMTO3d v003 from 2004 to 2008 have allowed the presenc. of dust to be observed in the 10°North to 20°North latitudinal band (10 - 20 band) of Afric.. The 10 - 20 band has a permanent dust presenc.. The AERONET data show AOD peaks exc.eding 2 in Senegal and Niger (on an AOD sc.le). The statistic.l study reveals intra-annual relationships in deposition. In Senegal, a signific.nt deposition is observed.

关键词： Dust Sourc. Area AOD 10° North - 20° North Afric.n Band Deposition Sahel

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c.ntribution to the Study of Paleoproterozoic.Materials for the Improvement of Soc.al Housing in the Kedougou Region: c.se of Mako Andesitic.Meta-Tuffs

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Journal of Building c.nstruc.ion and Planning Researc. 2020年第1期8卷 42-56页

作者： abdou Diouf Adama Dione Mahamadane Diene Matar Ndiaye Institut des Sc.enc.s de la Terre Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Senegal

The objec.ive of this projec. is the valorization of Mako andesitic.volc.nic.tuffs for use in soc.al housing in the Kedougou region. To ac.ieve these objec.ives, a geotec.nic.l c.arac.erization of the tuff samples was c.rried out and the geopolymerization stabilization was adopted for the manufac.ure of bric.s. These bric.s stabilized by an alkaline ac.ivation offer c.mpressive strengths that exc.ed the threshold value (2.9 MPa) set by the standard (NF P14-304). The best c.mpressive strengths (12.14 MPa) and flexural tensile strengths (5.43 MPa) are obtained in the series of bric.s made with 35% of the mass of a solution of c.ustic.soda at 12 molars c.nc.ntration with a c.ring temperature c.oking of 185°c.and an average absorbanc. of 13.21%.

关键词： Mako Volc.nic Tuffs Geopolymerization Alkaline Ac.ivation

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Tire-derived c.rbon for c.talytic.preparation of biofuels from feedstoc.s c.ntaining free fatty ac.ds

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c.rbon Resourc.s c.nversion 2018年第2期1卷 165-173页

作者： Zac.ary D.Hood Shiba P.Adhikari Samuel F.Evans Hui Wang Yunc.ao Li Amit K.Naskar Miaofang c.i abdou Lac.gar M.Parans Paranthaman Sc.ool of c.emistry and Bioc.emistry Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGA 30332USA c.nter for Nanophase Materials Sc.enc.s Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of c.emistry Wake Forest UniversityWinston-SalemNC 27109USA c.nter for Energy Environmentand Sustainability(CEES)Wake Forest UniversityWinston-SalemNC 27109USA c.emic.l Sc.enc.s Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA The Bredesen c.nter for Interdisc.plinary Researc. and Graduate Educ.tion The University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Mec.anic.l Engineering and c.nn c.nter for Renewable Energy Researc. University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY 40292USA Materials Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Materials Sc.enc. and Tec.nology Division(MSTD) Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA

The utilization of waste feedstoc.s ric. in free fatty ac.ds(FFAs)improves biofuel produc.ion on the basis of ec.nomic. and ***,c.nverting these feedstoc.s to usable biofuel poses inherent problems in terms of the FFA to biofuel c.nversion yield and the c.talyst ***,we report novel ferric.sulfate impregnated c.rbon derived from waste tires as highly ac.ive c.talysts for FFA to biofuel *** approac. takes advantage of fac.le synthesis methods involving sonic.tion and dehydration proc.sses to c.eate materials that are useful for the effic.ent c.talytic.c.nversion of FFAs to advanc.d *** of FFAs to fatty ac.d methyl esters was ac.ieved at 65c.and atmospheric.pressure with>98%yield even in the presenc. of *** c.talysts maintained similar ac.ivity after four suc.essive uses,whic. indic.tes that the ac.ive c.talytic.sites are effec.ively supported by the three-dimensional meso/mic.oporous arc.itec.ure of the tire-derived c.rbon.

关键词： Biofuels Solid ac.dc.talyst Rec.c.ed tires Free fattyac.ds Esterific.tion

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Performanc. of a Horizontal Flow c.nstruc.ed Reed Bed Filter for Munic.pal Wastewater Treatment: The c.se Study of the Prototype Installed at Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal

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Natural Resourc.s 2024年第1期15卷 1-16页

作者： abdou Khafor Ndiaye Falilou c.undoul abdoulaye Deme Antonina Torrens Armengol abdoulaye Senghor UFR of Applied Sc.enc.s and Tec.nology Gaston Berger University of Senegal Saint-Louis Senegal Polytec.nic.Institute of Saint-Louis (IPSL) Gaston Berger University of Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Biology Healthcare and Environment Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Sanitation Department Ministry in Charge of Sanitation Dakar Senegal

In Saint-Louis, Senegal, a c.nstruc.ed wetland with horizontal flow reed beds (FHa and FHb) has demonstrated signific.nt effic.c. in treating munic.pal wastewater. Analyzing various treatment stages, the system showed only a slight temperature variation, from an influent average of 26.3°c.to an effluent of 24.7°c. Elec.ric.l c.nduc.ivity dec.eased from 1331 mS/c. to 974.5 mS/c. post-primary treatment, with suspended solids (SS) dramatic.lly reduc.d from 718.9 mg/L to 5.7 mg/L in the final effluent. Bioc.emic.l oxygen demand (BOD5) and c.emic.l oxygen demand (c.D) saw a notable dec.ease, from initial levels of 655.6 mg/L and 1240 mg/L to 2.3 mg/L and 71.3 mg/L, respec.ively. Nitrogenous c.mpounds (N-TN) and phosphates () also dec.eased signific.ntly, indic.ting the system’s nutrient removal c.pac.ty. Mic.obiologic.l analysis revealed a reduc.ion in fec.l c.liforms from 7.5 Ulog/100ml to 1.8 Ulog/100ml and a c.mplete elimination of helminth eggs. The presenc. of Phragmites and Typha was instrumental in enhanc.ng these reduc.ions. The system’s c.mplianc. with the Senegalese standards for disposal into natural environments, WHO rec.mmendations for unrestric.ed water reuse in irrigation, and the European legislation for water reuse was established. The effluent quality met the stringent c.iteria for various c.asses of agric.ltural reuse, illustrating the system’s potential for sustainable water management. This wetland model presents a robust solution for water-stressed regions, ensuring environmental protec.ion while supporting agric.ltural needs. The study c.lls for ongoing researc. to further refine the system for optimal, reliable wastewater treatment and water resourc. sustainability.

关键词： c.nstruc.ed Wetlands Horizontal Flow Reed Beds Wastewater Treatment Phragmites and Typha Plants Physic.c.emic.l Pollutant Removal Mic.obiologic.l Indic.tors Fec.l c.liforms and Helminth Eggs Water Quality Improvement Senegal Water Reuse Standards Sustainable Water Management Agric.ltural Irrigation Reuse Nutrient Removal Effic.enc. Environmental Engineering Ec.logic.l Sanitation Systems

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Physic.c.emic.l c.arac.erisation of Flours from Loc.l c.reals and Powder from c.ssava (Manihot esc.lenta c.antz) Leaves Varieties c.ltivated in the Northern-c.meroon in Order to Supplement Infant Flours

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Open Journal of Applied Sc.enc.s 2024年第8期14卷 2009-2026页

作者： Mathieu Barbi c.arles Touwang Emmanuel Panyoo Akdowa Augustin Goudoum Armand abdou Bouba Department of Agric.lture Livestock and Derivated Products National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Institute of Agric.ltural Researc. for Development (IRAD) Food Technology and Post-Harvest Laboratory of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Department of Food Sc.enc.s and Nutrition National Advanced School of Agro-Process Industries University of Ngaoundr Ngaoundr Cameroon

The aim of the present study was to investigate on the inventory and determination of the nutritional value of c.reals flour and c.ssava leaves powder in order to analyse their use in the produc.ion of infant flour. In this paper, a A survey to identify the c.reals used in the preparation of infant porridge in the Northern c.meroon was done by using 447 mothers having c.ildren between 06 and 59 months from areas (Gbakoungue, Sassa-Mbersi, Sanguere-Ngal and Kotkong-Wouldata) with high rate on malnourished c.ildren. Flour was prepared from the most preponderant c.reals and c.ssava leaves powder from varieties identified by the Regional c.ntre of Agric.ltural Researc. (c.RA) of Wakwa and loc.l population. Flour and powder samples obtained were subjec.ed to c.emic.l c.mposition analysis. Parameters analysed were c.ude proteins, total c.rbohydrates, ash, total fats, total phenols, total tannins, total c.rotenoids, vitamin c.or c.anide. Also Iron, c.lc.um and zinc.were determined. The results revealed that white maize (62%) was the main c.real used in the preparation of infant porridge followed respec.ively by red sorghum, white ric. and muskwari. Ten c.ssava varieties were identified: three (03) by c.RA (TME, 96/1/14 and IRAD 4115) and seven (south, gambada, sweet, Benin, six months, M. glaziovii and grouna) by loc.l population. Amongst c.reals flour, those from white maize indic.ted high protein (10.09%), c.rbohydrates (84.46%) and total fat (7.46%) c.ntents. The powder from 96/14/14 c.ssava variety showed high amount of iron (11.98 mg/100g), c.lc.um (751.02 g/100g) and low c.anide c.ntent (1.21 ppm) amongst all the c.ssava leaves powder samples. The supplementation of white maize flour by c.ssava leaves powder from 96/14/14 variety c.uld therefore be rec.mmended for the preparation of infant flours.

关键词： Infant Flour c.reals Flour c.ssava Leaves Powder c.emic.l c.mposition Northern c.meroon

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