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High prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis B and C in minnesota Somalis contributes to rising hepatocellular carcinoma incidence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第35期28卷 5217-5229页

作者： Essa A mohamed Nasra H Giama Abubaker O Abdalla Hassan m Shaleh Abdul m Oseini Hamdi A Ali Fowsiyo Ahmed Wesam Taha Hager Ahmed mohammed Jessica Cvinar Ibrahim A Waaeys Hawa Ali Loretta K Allotey Abdiwahab O Ali Safra A mohamed William S Harmsen Eimad m Ahmmad Numra A Bajwa mohamud D Afgarshe abdirashid m shire Joyce E Balls-Berry Lewis R Roberts Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Center for Clinical and Translational Science Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States School of Nursing University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455United States Division of Digestive Diseases Emory School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30322United States Department of Laboratory medicine and Pathology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Internal medicine NewYork-Presbyterian QueensFlushingNY 11355United States Department of Pediatrics University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV 89154United States Department of Quantitative Health Sciences Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of medicine Gargar Urgent Care and ClinicMinneapolisMN 55406United States Office of the Director Shire ScientificMinneapolisMN 55405United States Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine in St LouisSt LouisMO 63130United States Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisMO 63130United States

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)infections are known risk factors for liver disease,cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).There is substantial global variation in HBV and HCV prevalence resulting in variations in cirrhosis and *** previously reported high prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in Somali immigrants seen at an academic medical center in *** To determine the prevalence of chronic viral hepatitis in Somali immigrants in minnesota through a community-based screening *** We conducted a prospective community-based participatory research study in the Somali community in minnesota in partnership with community advisory boards,community clinics and local mosques between November 2010 and December 2015(data was analyzed in 2020).Serum was tested for hepatitis B surface antigen,hepatitis B core antibody,hepatitis B surface antibody and anti-HCV *** Of 779 participants,15.4%tested positive for chronic HBV infection,50.2%for prior exposure to HBV and 7.6%for chronic HCV *** age-adjusted frequencies in males and females for chronic HBV were 12.5%and 11.6%;for prior exposure to HBV were 44.8%and 41.3%;and for chronic HCV were 6.7%and 5.7%,*** participants developed incident HCC during follow *** Chronic HBV and HCV are major risk factors for liver disease and HCC among Somali immigrants,with prevalence of both infections substantially higher than in the general United States ***-based screening is essential for identifying and providing health education and linkage to care for diagnosed patients.

关键词： Viral hepatitis Liver disease Community engagement African Immigrant health

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Earthworm populations are stable in temperate agricultural soils receiving wood-based biochar

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 398-404页

作者： Joann KWHALEN Hicham BENSLIm abdirashid AELmI Barry RHUSK Department of Natural Resource Sciences Macdonald Campus of McGill UniversitySte-Anne-de-BellevueQuebec H9X 3V9Canada Department of Environmental Technology management College of Life SciencesKuwait UniversityP.O.Box 5969Safat 13060Kuwait BlueLeaf Inc. DrummondvilleQuebec J2B 5E9Canada

The application of decomposable organic residues such as manure and crop litter is generally beneficial to *** is an emerging interest in applying biochar,a carbonaceous product of pyrolysis,to temperate agricultural *** slow decomposition rate of biochar,which also contains ash and combustion byproducts,could be detrimental to *** objective of this study was to describe the earthworm populations in biochar-amended soils on a dairy farm in the *** River watershed,Quebec,*** were collected from replicated field plots under cereal *** A received three wood-based biochar types at two application rates(5 and 10 t ha^(-1) biochar)plus an unamended control,while Site B received wood-based biochar(7.5 t ha^(-1) biochar),dairy cattle slurry(10 t ha^(-1) manure),or a combination of the biochar and manure rates plus an unamended *** were collected by hand sorting and formaldehyde expulsion from soil *** species,Aporrectodea turgida,Aporrectodea tuberculata,and Lumbricus rubellus,were found at the sites,and Aporrectodea was the dominant *** sources,rates,and application with dairy slurry did not affect the earthworm population,which had 52-218 individuals m^(-2) in 2010 and 4-96 individuals m^(-2) in *** seasonal variation in earthworm population may be due to flooding in the spring of 2011,which apparently interfered with earthworm *** similarity in earthworm abundance and biomass in plots with and without wood-based biochar leads to the conclusion that earthworm populations are stable in biochar-amended soils in this cold,humid temperate region.

关键词： biochar-amended soilcornendogeic earthwormflooded soilpyrolysiswoody feedstock

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Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine Decorated BiVO4 for Enhanced Photocatalytic Water Splitting Properties

Porphyrin/Phthalocyanine Decorated BiVO4 for Enhanced Photoc...

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作者： mAHAmmUD shire SUDI 江苏大学

学位级别：硕士

水分解成氢和氧的模拟生物光合作用的人工光催化开发是当前众多创新技术之一。半导体钒酸铋（BiVO）因其对可见光的敏感性而被用作类比光合作用的树叶。它对环境无害,制造成本低廉,并且具有相对较低的带隙能量2.4 e V。然而,该物质的带... 详细信息

水分解成氢和氧的模拟生物光合作用的人工光催化开发是当前众多创新技术之一。半导体钒酸铋（BiVO）因其对可见光的敏感性而被用作类比光合作用的树叶。它对环境无害,制造成本低廉,并且具有相对较低的带隙能量2.4 e V。然而,该物质的带隙较宽,导致其PEC水分解效率低,氧气释放过程缓慢,载流子扩散长度短,限制了BiVO的整体光催化能力。因此,本文开发了三种含量丰富的金属复合物（mTPP、TAPC和NiCOP）作为助催化剂用于提高BiVO的光吸收,并研究其协同光催化水分解反应性能。首先,我们研究发现使用具有强大光捕获能力的敏化剂（例如卟啉）修饰半导体材料是一种可行的策略,其可以促进光电解界面处的电子注入和电荷分离效率。本部分工作中,我们制备了三种BiVO/mTPP复合催化剂,它们分别由不同中心金属种类的卟啉（mTPP,m=Ni、Co和Ni）组成。通过一系列光谱技术测试发现BiVO/mTPP复合材料增加了光吸收能力。光电催化性能测试表明,PEC水分解趋势为BiVO/Co TPP>BiVO/NiTPP>BiVO/Cu TPP>BiVO。在Am 1.5G光照射条件下,BiVO的光电流密度在1.23 V ***下从1.01 m A cm提高到了3.9 m A cm。瞬态光电流响应测试确定了样品的电荷注入效率和电荷分离效率,且BiVO/Co TPP在两项测试中表现最优异,分别为80%和65%。采用双层电容(C)对样品的水分解性能研究发现,与BiVO原始电容值150.8μF cm的相比,BiVO/Co TPP的C值显著增大,达到241.3μF cm。本工作为增强型光阳极复合材料提出了一种可能的PEC水分解机制。随后,我们制备了四（氨基）酞菁（TAPC）并将其结合到BiVO表面以形成复合光电阳极BiVO/TAPC。通过SEm发现与原始BiVO相比发现:添加NiCOP后,材料的表面拓扑结构增加。光电测试表明原始BiVO的光电流密度随着TAPC的引入从1.7增加到3.1 m A cm。电化学活性表面积（ECSA）测试进一步证明了这一点,发现BiVO/TAPC的电容值为130μF cm,明显大于BiVO的76μF cm。此外,复合材料的稳定性也优于未修饰的BiVO。该研究表明,使用TAPC作为助催化剂改善了PEC水分解能力,并根据BiVO/TAPC的特性提出了一种合适的机制。最后,我们尝试了BiVO与磷腈基团连接的镍卟啉共价有机聚合物（NiCOP）进行共同催化,以增强BiVO光捕获和PEC水分解能力。所获得的BiVO/NiCOP表现出良好的光捕捉能力,在1.23 V ***下的光电流密度为6.13 m A cm,显著高于相同条件下纯BiVO的光电流密度1.88 m A cm。瞬态光电流响应测试结果表明,施加0.7 V偏置电压时,偏置电压光子电流效率（ABPE）从纯BiVO的0.5%提升到复合材料BiVO/NiCOP的2.4%。电化学阻抗谱（EIS）与光电化学测试结果一致,表明NiCOP层的加入增强了材料的电荷转移动力学并降低了电荷复合速率。

关键词： BiVO4 卟啉共价有机聚合物光电化学水分解助催化剂

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Doctor communication quality and Friends' attitudes influence complementary medicine use in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第12期21卷 3663-3670页

作者： Réme mountifield Jane m Andrews Antonina mikocka-Walus Peter Bampton Department of Gastro-enterology and Hepatology Flinders Medical Centre Flinders University of South Australia IBD Service Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and School of Medicine University of Adelaide at Royal Adelaide Hospital School of Nursing and midwifery University of South Australia

AIm: To examine the frequency of regular complementary and alternative therapy(CAm) use in three Australian cohorts of contrasting care setting and geography, and identify independent attitudinal and psychological predictors of CAm use across all cohorts. mETHODS: A cross sectional questionnaire was administered to inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) patients in 3 separate cohorts which differed by geographical region and care setting. Demographics and frequency of regular CAm use were assessed, along with attitudes towards IBD medication and psychological parameters such as anxiety, depression, personality traits and quality of life(QOL), and compared across cohorts. Independent attitudinal and psychological predictors of CAm use were determined using binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In 473 respondents(mean age 50.3 years, 60.2% female) regular CAm use was reported by45.4%, and did not vary between cohorts. Only 54.1%of users disclosed CAm use to their doctor. Independent predictors of CAm use which confirm those reported previously were: covert conventional medication dose reduction(P ment(P medication(P = 0.043), and higher QOL(P m use by family or friends(P mmunication(P m use, these data show that physician attention to communication and the patient-doctor relationship is important as these factors influence CAm use. Patient reluctance to discuss CAm with physicians may promote greater reliance on social contacts to influence CAm decisions.

关键词： Complementary medicine Alternative therapy Therapy

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子宫切除术手术路径的改变:对所有功能性子宫出血尝试性应用一种经阴道途径方法的结局

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 35-35页

作者： Olá h K.S. Khalil m. 党慧敏 Obsterics and Gynaecology Warwick Hospital Lakin RoadWarwick CV34 6BW United Kingdom

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of a policy of performing a vaginal hysterectomy for as many cases of dysfunctional uterine bleeding without uterine prolapse as possible between 1997 and 2003. Study design: The study was prospective, with retrospective analysis of data. Setting: Warwick Hospital. Population: Eighty-seven women in a district hospital serving a population of 270,000 in South Warwick shire. methods: During 1997 and 2003, an effort was made to perform as many hysterectomies vaginally as possible, with oophorectomy where necessary, in women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding in the absence of prolapse. The trends of the three different operations, total abdominal hysterectomy, sub-total abdominal hysterectomy and vaginal hysterectomy over the 7- year period were analysed. main outcome measures: The ability to undertake surgery successfully, complications rates, length of hospital stay and changes in surgical practice. Results: Over this 7- year period, it has proved possible to change the emphasis from abdominal to vaginal hysterectomy for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. In 1997, the most common operation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding (72.7% ) was subtotal hysterectomy ± bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, followed by (27.3% ) total abdominal hysterectomy ± bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. No cases were undertaken vaginally. By 2003, however, the trend had completely reversed, with the only procedure undertaken being vaginal hysterectomy ± bilateral salpingooophorectomy. There is no evidence that such an approach increases the complication rate, and the recovery rate from surgery is improved with a tendency towards earlier discharge in the vaginal surgery group. Conclusion: The vaginal approach is possible for an average gynaecologist working in a district general hospital, with no additional complications and an improved recovery rate for patients.

关键词：经阴道子宫切除术功能性子宫出血阴道途径输卵管卵巢切除术手术路径经腹子宫全切术经腹全子宫切除术子宫次全切术

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