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Rapid magnetic susceptibility measurement as a tracer to assess the erosion—deposition process using tillage homogenization and simple proportional models: A case study in northern of Morocco

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第5期38卷 739-753页

作者： abdessalam ouallali Naima Bouhsane Saidati Bouhlassa Mohamed Moukhchane Shamsollah Ayoubi Habiba Aassoumi Process Engineering and Environment Laboratory Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia Hassan II University of Casablanca Department of Chemistry Center of Materials Science Laboratory of Applied Materials Chemistry Faculty of Sciences Rabat Mohammed V University Department of Earth Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi UniversityEcole Normale Sup erieure Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Laboratory of Environmental Geology and Natural Resources Faculty of Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi University

Soil erosion is a significant threat in the Rif region in northern Morocco. Hence, accurate cartography of the phenomenon, magnitude, and extent of erosion in the area needs a simple, rapid, and economical method such as magnetic susceptibility(MS). The current study aims to:(i) determine the factors influencing the variation of soil MS,(ii) exploit MS to estimate soil loss using two approaches in different homogenous units characterized by the same climatic conditions with different edaphic characteristics(land use, slope, and lithology), and(iii) highlight the potential for using MS as a cheap and rapid tracer of a long term erosion and deposition processes. Mass-specific magnetic susceptibility at low(χlf) and high(χhf) frequencies were measured for 182 soil samples collected in the study area. A tillage homogenization(T-H) model and a simple proportional model(SPM) were applied on an undisturbed soil profile to predict the eroded soil depths for given cores. The results confirm that χlfis influenced by land use, slope, and soil type. Pedogenesis is the main factor affecting soil MS enhancement, indicated by homogenous magnetic mineralogy with a dominance of super-paramagnetic(SP) and stable single domain(SSD) magnetic grains. The study results show that higher soil losses have occurred in almost all the soil samples when applying the T-H model compared to application of the SPM. The SPM underestimates erosion due to its ignorance of the MS of the plow layers after erosion. The current study implies the high efficacy of magnetic susceptibility as the quick, easily measurable, simple, and costeffective approach that can be used as an alternative technique for evaluating soil redistribution.

关键词： Magnetic susceptibility (MS) Pedogenesis Erosion Tillage homogenization (T-H) Simple proportional model (SPM) Soil loss

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The Mapping of the Soils’ Degradation State by Adaptation the PAP/RAC Guidelines in the Watershed of Wadi Arbaa Ayacha, Western Rif, Morocco

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第7期4卷 77-88页

作者： abdessalam ouallali Mohamed Moukhchane Habiba Aassoumi Farida Berrad Ibrahim Dakir Department of Geology Faculty of Science Abdelmalek Essaadi University Tetouan Morocco Department of Earth Sciences Abdelmalek Essaadi University Ecole Normale Supérieure Martil Morocco Regional Directorate of Forestry and Fight against Desertification of Rif Tetouan Morocco

The watershed of the Arbaa Ayacha River is an environment favorable to the development of the phenomena of water erosion as a result of its topographic features, lithological and climate. Therefore it has been the subject of evaluation of states erosive and of different causal factors of the risk of erosion by adaptation of cross-matrices based on directives PAP/RAC (Priority Actions Programme/Regional Activity Centre) [1]. This method is based on three approaches. The predictive approach provides a synthetic map of the distribution of the erosive states, with 51% of the basin subjected to high risks. The descriptive mapping of the various forms of erosion shows an enormous extension of stripping and sheet erosion (91%), superficial gullies and moderately deep gullies are growing in view of the gathering of runoffs from upstream to the downstream. The superposition of the results of both predictive and descriptive approaches gives a consolidated map PAP/RAC whose analysis shows that soils’ loss throughout the basin is proportional to the increase of the major factors of water erosion according to the level of importance: The topographical factor—soil types—slope-lithology following a positive linear relationship, while the order of the parameters that are negative linear relationship is density of vegetation cover-land cover [2]. This same map gives maximal losses corresponding mainly to friable lithologic natural areas of badlands at the center of the basin which correspond to Tensift’s terraces [3]. In the downstream basin, the combined effect of deep ravines and banks sapements promotes high risk while in the upstream, the localized solifluxions and gravity screens participate in serious losses.

关键词： Water Erosion PAP/RAC Arbaa Ayacha Western Rif Morocco

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