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The Impact of Water Price on the Financial Sustainability of the Palestinian Water Service Providers

Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第12期8卷 1490-1508页

作者： Abdullah Murrar Ibrahim Awad Abdel Fattah Hasan Eyad Yaqob Ihab Barghothi Ahmad Sadaqa Subhi Samhan abdelrahman tamimi Faculty of Graduate Studies Strategic Planning & Fundraising Arab American University Jenin Jenin Palestine Tariff & Licensing Directorate Water Sector Regulatory Council Ramallah Palestine Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Al-Quds University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Palestine Water and Environmental Studies Institute An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine Graduate Studies Teaching Committee Arab American University Jenin Jenin Palestine Research and Development Directorate Palestinian Water Authority Ramallah Palestine General Directorate Palestinian Hydrology Group Jerusalem Palestine

The impactof water sales price on the performance of water service providers is typically something of a mystery. High prices mean more revenue and profit;but it may lead to less bills collection and encourage the illegal connections. Yet, this argument has not been fully addressed in the Palestinian water sector;this research evaluates the effect of average water prices on the financial sustainability key indicators as collection efficiency, profit or loss percentage, non-revenue water, staff productivity, daily consumption, operating, and maintenance cost. The average price of cubic meter sold is segmented into low, medium, and high categories. Multivariate analysis shows that there are significant differences in profit or working ratio, daily consumption, and operating cost based on the different price categories. Further significant differences have been found in non-revenue water, collection efficiency, and water production based on low and high price categories. On the other hand, no significant difference has been found in staff productivity. The results show high price set by Palestinian water providers, leads to an increase in the bill collection rate and profit margin. However, negative relationship has been found between the price on one hand, and non-revenue water, average daily consumption, and water production on the other hand. The implication of these findings reveal that the Palestinian water providers should increase water prices gradually to cover operating and maintenance cost for better financial performance and sustainability.

关键词： Collection Efficiency Financial Sustainability Palestinian Water Service Providers Water Price Working Ratio

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Fatigue Life Estimation of High Strength 2090-T83 Aluminum Alloy under Pure Torsion Loading Using Various Machine Learning Techniques

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第8期19卷 2083-2107页

作者： Mustafa Sami Abdullatef Faten NAlzubaidi Anees Al-tamimi Yasser Ahmed Mahmood Electromechanical Engineering Department University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq

The ongoing effort to create methods for detecting and quantifying fatigue damage is motivated by the high levels of uncertainty in present fatigue-life prediction approaches and the frequently catastrophic nature of fatigue *** fatigue life of high strength aluminum alloy 2090-T83 is predicted in this study using a variety of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques for constant amplitude and negative stress ratios(R?1).Artificial neural networks(ANN),adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems(ANFIS),support-vector machines(SVM),a random forest model(RF),and an extreme-gradient tree-boosting model(XGB)are trained using numerical and experimental input data obtained from fatigue tests based on a relatively low number of stress *** particular,the coefficients of the traditional force law formula are found using relevant numerical *** is shown that,in comparison to traditional approaches,the neural network and neuro-fuzzy models produce better results,with the neural network models trained using the boosting iterations technique providing the best *** strong models from weak models,XGB helps to predict fatigue life by reducing model partiality and variation in supervised *** neural models can be used to predict the fatigue life of alloys more accurately than neural networks and traditional methods.

关键词： Fatigue life high strength aluminum alloy 2090-T83 neuro-fuzzy tree boosting model neural networks adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems random forest support vector machines

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Modeling, simulation and control of a twin-inverted pendulum on a moving cart

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2021年第4期12卷 171-183页

作者： Jasem tamimi College of Engineering Palestine Polytechnic University P.O.Box 198HebronPalestine

In this paper,a mathematical model of a twin-inverted pendulum on a moving cart has been *** is done using the Lagrange–Euler method and,hence,a highly nonlinear mathematical model is resulted from this *** nonlinear and unstable dynamics are written in a simple matrix *** this challenging system,we use two types of efficient control approaches to treat the control problem of the twin inverted pendulum,namely,linear quadratic regulator(LQR)and nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC).Simulations with several scenarios are also presented to demonstrate the control performances and the model validity.

关键词： Twin-inverted pendulum linear quadratic regulator nonlinear model predictive control

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An Automated Approach to Generate Test Cases From Use Case Description Model

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第6期119卷 409-425页

作者： Thamer A.Alrawashed Ammar Almomani Ahmad Althunibat Abdelfatah tamimi Department of Software Engineering Alzaytoonah University of JordanAirport StreetAmmanJordan IT-department Al-Huson University CollegeAl-Balqa Applied UniversityP.O.BoxSaltJordan

Test complexity and test adequacy are frequently raised by software developers and testing ***,there is little research works at this aspect on specification-based testing at the use case description ***,this research proposes an automatic test cases generator approach to reduce the test complexity and to enhance the percentage of test ***,to support the infrastructure for performing automatic,this proposed approach refines the use cases using use case describing template and save it in the text ***,the saved file is input to the Algorithm of Control Flow Diagram(ACFD)to convert use case details to a control flow *** that,the Proposed Tool of Generating Test Paths(PTGTP)is used to generate test cases from the control flow ***,the genetic algorithm associated with transition coverage is adapted to optimize and evaluate the adequacy of such test cases.A money withdrawal use case in the ATM system is used as an ongoing case *** results show that the generated test cases achieve high coverage with an optimal test *** automatic test case generation approach is effective and ***,it could promote to use other test case coverage criteria.

关键词： Software testing test cases software specifications genetic algorithm

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Hydro-Geochemistry and Application of Water Quality Index (WQI) for Ground Water Quality Assessment, Wadi Al-Samen—Hebron—West Bank

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第10期15卷 481-508页

作者： Waseem Al-tamimi Fadoua Hamzaoui-Azaza Marwan Ghanem Rachida Bouhalila Modeling Hydraulic and Environmental Laboratory National Engineering School of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia Laboratory of Sedimentary Basins and Petroleum Geology (SBPG) Geology Department Faculty of Sciences of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia Department of Geography Birzeit University Ramallah West Bank Palestine

Located south of the West Bank, Wadi Al-Samen is considered one of the most important sources of groundwater recharge for the eastern aquifer in Hebron. It is polluted by sewage originating from domestic and industrial consumption in the Hebron area. Water quality assessment is an important criterion for achieving sustainable development. To evaluate water quality, twenty samples were collected from groundwater sources for two seasons and were analyzed for Physical properties (Total dissolved solids (TDS), Electrical conductivity (EC), potential hydrogen (pH), Temperature (T)), Four major cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+ and K+), and the Major anions (HCO-3, Cl-, and SO2-4);geochemical methods such as Piper scheme were used for the sample result analysis. To characterize wastewater components, six samples were collected from the Wadi discharge for two seasons and were analyzed (potential hydrogen (pH), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The results of nitrate levels showed that 20% of the ground water samples exceeded the standard limit of the World Health Organization (WHO). The quality of drinking water was assessed using the Water Quality Index (WQI), which suggests that 10% of samples are classified from poor to very poor. The abundance of cations from highest to lowest was found to be: Ca;Mg;Na, and for the anions it is HCO3;Cl;SO4. The dominant hydrochemical facies of 35% of collected aquifer samples reveal that Ca-Mg-Na-Cl-HCO3 are in the domain. Evaluation of irrigation suitability was performed using parameters of Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electric conductivity (EC), and Salinity. The results in both rounds for EC showed that all water sources are suitable for irrigation according

关键词： Drinking and Irrigation Suitability Water Quality WHO Guidelines Wadi Al-Samen West Bank

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A Fault-Handling Method for the Hamiltonian Cycle in the Hypercube Topology

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第7期68卷 505-519页

作者： Adnan A.Hnaif Abdelfatah A.tamimi Ayman M.Abdalla Iqbal Jebril Faculty of Science and Information Technology Al-Zaytoonah University of JordanAmman11733Jordan

Many routing protocols,such as distance vector and link-state protocols are used for nding the best paths in a *** nd the path between the source and destination nodes where every node is visited once with no repeats,Hamiltonian and Hypercube routing protocols are often ***,these algorithms are not designed to solve the problem of a node failure,where one or more nodes become *** paper proposes an efcient modied Fault-free Hamiltonian Cycle based on the Hypercube Topology(FHCHT)to perform a connection between nodes when one or more nodes become *** can be applied in a different environment to transmit data with a high-reliability connection by nding an alternative path between the source and destination nodes when some nodes ***,a proposed Hamiltonian Near Cycle(HNC)scheme has been developed and *** implementation results indicated that FHCHT produces alternative cycles relatively similar to a Hamiltonian Cycle for the Hypercube,complete,and random *** implementation of the proposed algorithm in a Hypercube achieved a 31%and 76%reduction in cost compared to the complete and random graphs,respectively.

关键词： Hamiltonian cycle hypercube fault tolerance routing protocols WSN IoT

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Simple Quantitation of Flucytosine in Low Volume Serum Samples and Evaluation of Common Endogenous Interferences by HPLC-UV

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2022年第9期13卷 289-299页

作者： Abdul Rafiq Khan Ali Alothaim Waleed tamimi Majid Alshaibani Souad Marwan Al Enazi Syed Muhammad Saad Khalid Mohammed Khan Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine King Abdulaziz Medical City Riyadh KSA Department of Chemistry University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan

5-Fluorocytosine (5-FC) is used for the treatment of several infections. It is extremely important to monitor blood level concentration for maximum activity to avoid its side effects. A simple, faster, and more accurate analytical method is developed and validated using high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection in a very low-volume serum sample. Exactly 50 μL of serum was precipitated with 5% trichloroacetic acid. After mixing and centrifugation, 20 μL of supernatant was injected into the HPLC column. Detection was performed at 280 nm. The method is very specific and free from interfering substances due to different drugs and their different circulating metabolites. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were found to be 0.50 μg/L and 1.0 μg/L, respectively. The method was linear in the range of 5 - 150 μg/L in the serum sample. In method comparison, the correlation coefficient r2 was 0.999 and the percentage recovery was 90% - 105% on four levels of the quality control samples. Within run and between run precision was found to be less than 2.2% at four different concentrations (5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/L). A simple, faster, and more accurate HPLC-UV method is developed which is very useful for monitoring 5-FC concentration in low volume serum samples without evaporation step and ion exchange chromatography within minutes.

关键词： 5-Fluorocytosine Serum Sample HPLC-UV Method Quantification Validation

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Effects of Almond Milk on Body Measurements and Blood Pressure

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第6期7卷 466-471页

作者： Jozaa Zaidan Al tamimi Department of Nutrition and Food Science College of Home Economics Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

In recent years, the demand for almond milk and its sales has increased owing to consumers’ perceptions about its health benefits. Hence, we sought to measure the effect of almond milk on body measurements such as body weight, body mass index and waist and hip circumference, in addition to diastolic and systolic blood pressures. Thirty volunteers of both sexes participated in the study, with a mean age of 23.27 ± 6.20 years. The study was conducted over 4 weeks, and the results showed that daily substitution of one serving of dairy product with one cup (240 ML) of almond milk significantly decreased body weight, body mass index and waist and hip circumference, However, no effects were observed on blood pressures.

关键词： Almond Milk Weight Body Mass Index Waist Circumference Hip Circumference Diastolic and Systolic Blood Pressure

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Overexpression of Her1 (EGFR) in Gastric Cancer: A Saudi Regional Population Based Study

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Open Journal of Pathology 2012年第4期2卷 120-126页

作者： Ayesha Ahmed Dalal M. Al tamimi Anatomic Pathology University of Dammam Dammam KSA King Fahd Hospital of the University Khobar KSA

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the commonest malignant tumor worldwide. Its treatment remains a challenge for physicians. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors have played a significant role in the management of solid malignancies including colorectal cancer. In this study we aimed to determine EGFR expression in gastric adenocarcinoma by standardized immunohistochemistry in a Saudi regional population based cohort and also to evaluate Ki-67 proliferating index and p-53 mutation status. Materials and Methods: Gastric carcinoma (GC) cases comprising surgical resection specimens and endoscopic biopsies, were selected, from the pathology archives of King Fahd Hospital of the University of Dammam (KFHU), spanning a time period of 6 years. The histological GC type was delineated according to Laurens classification and immunohistochemical (IHC) protein analysis for EGFR, Ki-67 and p-53 was carried out. Results: 42 cases of gastric GC were analyzed and EGFR overexpression was demonstrated in 4.76% of cases. Out of these 2.38% had membranous and the remaining demonstrated predominantly cytoplasmic along with focal membranous positivity. Ki-67 proliferation index ranged from moderate to high and p-53 mutation status was negative in these cases. Conclusion: Low EGFR expressivity could be reflective of regional variation in cancer characteristics. The study also highlights the inadequacy of the currently employed gastric EGFR interpretation criterions and stresses on development of standardized and uniform EGFR evaluation protocols tailored for gastric needs.

关键词： Gastric Cancer EGFR Overexpression Immunocytochemistry Protein Analysis

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Measuring Inclinations and Attitudes of University Teachers towards Sports Activities

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Journal of Sports Science 2015年第1期3卷 44-48页

作者： Shaimaa Abed Mutar A1-tamimi College of Physical Education Department of practical sciences University of AI-Mustansiriyah Baghdad 00964 Iraq

The researcher wants to know the inclinations of the teachers in A1-Mustansiriyah University into participation in sports activities and the obstacles. The aims are to build measure of trends and tendencies toward university teachers about exercise and sporting activities and identify the reasons that prevent teachers from exercise. This measure contained on 25 open questions directed by the researcher toward the university teachers, and the distribution of the questions was on three areas： cognitive domain, behavioral domain and emotional domain. These areas have a relationship between tendencies and attitudes of teachers towards sports activities, in addition to the knowledge of the problems and obstacles that prevent this group from participating in sports activities. There is a lack of correlation between the desire to practice physical activity and the presence of a sports hall at the university in terms of statistics. The difficulties in the practice of sports activities, including economic, social and other factors, insecurity and instability exist. There is a good correlation between the previous practice of physical activity and the current desire to practice in terms of statistical activities.

关键词： Trends, tendencies, sport activities, method.

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