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Development of a bioheat model for older people under hot and cold exposures

Building Simulation 2022年第10期15卷 1815-1829页

作者： Lili Ji abdelaziz laouadi Liangzhu Wang Michael A.Lacasse Construction Research Centre National Research Council Canada1200 Montréal RoadOttawaON K1A 0R6Canada Department of Building Civil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia University1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd.W.MontrealQC H3G 1M8Canada

Physiological modeling is important to evaluate the effects of heat and cold conditions on people’s thermal comfort and health. Experimental studies have found that older people (above 65 year old) undergo age-related weakening changes in their physiology and thermoregulatory activities, which makes them more vulnerable to heat or cold exposure than average aged young adults. However, addressing the age-related changes by modeling has been challenging due to their wide variability among the older population. This study develops a two-node physiological model to predict the thermal response of older people. The model is built on a newly developed two-node model for average-age young adults by accounting for the age-related attenuation of thermoregulation and sensory delays in triggering thermoregulatory actions. A numerical optimization method is developed to compute the model parameter values based on selected benchmark data from the literature. The proposed model is further validated with published measurement data covering large input ranges. The model predictions are in good agreement with the measurements in hot and cold exposure conditions with a discrepancy 0.60 °C for the mean skin temperature and of 0.30 °C for the core temperature. The proposed model can be integrated into building simulation tools to predict heat and cold stress levels and the associated thermal comfort for older people in built environments.

关键词： older people physiological modeling age-related changes thermal comfort heat stress cold stress

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Comparative Moisture Performance of Wood/Wood-Based Claddings Predicted by Four Hygrothermal Simulation Tools

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2021年第2期15卷 63-77页

作者： Maurice Defo Michael Lacasse abdelaziz laouadi Mehdi Ghobadi National Research Council of Canada(NRC) 1200 Montreal RoadOttawa(ON)K1A 0R6Canada

A number of hygrothermal(HAM)numerical simulation packages are available,either wholly or partially dedicated to heat,air and moisture transfer simulations of building materials and wall assemblies.The objective of this work was to compare the HAM responses and moisture performance of western red cedar and composite wood claddings of a wood frame wall as predicted by four HAM simulation tools:DELPHIN,WUFI,hygIRC,and COMSOL.Three Canadian cities having different climates were selected for simulation:Ottawa(ON),Vancouver(BC)and Calgary(AB).In each city,simulations were run for two years as selected from a historical climate data set based on the moisture index(MI).The wall orientation receiving the most wind-driven rain for the two years was selected for simulations.Material properties were taken from the National Research Council(NRC)material property database.Cladding temperature and relative humidity(RH)values as well as the moisture accumulated in the entire structure were compared amongst the results obtained from the four tools.The mold growth index on the cladding surface was used as a basis for comparing the moisture performance.

关键词： HAM simulation tools HAM response mold index western red cedar cladding composite wood cladding

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