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The Impact of Water Price on the Financial Sustainability of the Palestinian Water Service Providers

Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第12期8卷 1490-1508页

作者： Abdullah Murrar Ibrahim Awad abdel fattah Hasan Eyad Yaqob Ihab Barghothi Ahmad Sadaqa Subhi Samhan abdelrahman Tamimi Faculty of Graduate Studies Strategic Planning & Fundraising Arab American University Jenin Jenin Palestine Tariff & Licensing Directorate Water Sector Regulatory Council Ramallah Palestine Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Al-Quds University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Palestine Water and Environmental Studies Institute An-Najah National University Nablus Palestine Graduate Studies Teaching Committee Arab American University Jenin Jenin Palestine Research and Development Directorate Palestinian Water Authority Ramallah Palestine General Directorate Palestinian Hydrology Group Jerusalem Palestine

The impactof water sales price on the performance of water service providers is typically something of a mystery. High prices mean more revenue and profit;but it may lead to less bills collection and encourage the illegal connections. Yet, this argument has not been fully addressed in the Palestinian water sector;this research evaluates the effect of average water prices on the financial sustainability key indicators as collection efficiency, profit or loss percentage, non-revenue water, staff productivity, daily consumption, operating, and maintenance cost. The average price of cubic meter sold is segmented into low, medium, and high categories. Multivariate analysis shows that there are significant differences in profit or working ratio, daily consumption, and operating cost based on the different price categories. Further significant differences have been found in non-revenue water, collection efficiency, and water production based on low and high price categories. On the other hand, no significant difference has been found in staff productivity. The results show high price set by Palestinian water providers, leads to an increase in the bill collection rate and profit margin. However, negative relationship has been found between the price on one hand, and non-revenue water, average daily consumption, and water production on the other hand. The implication of these findings reveal that the Palestinian water providers should increase water prices gradually to cover operating and maintenance cost for better financial performance and sustainability.

关键词： Collection Efficiency Financial Sustainability Palestinian Water Service Providers Water Price Working Ratio

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The Role of Serum Ceruloplasmin and Oxidative Stress Markers in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2018年第1期8卷 18-25页

作者： Abdul Monem Al-Sayed Abou Sharkh Waled Mahdy Nada Doaa attia abdel Moety Hany Ahmad Elkattawy Ophthalmology Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt

Purpose: The study aimed at evaluation of the role of ceruloplasmin (A protein involved in iron homeostasis and can inactivate free radicals) and other oxidative stress markers as superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase activity (CAT) in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: This observational case control study included 90 persons divided into 3 equal groups: group A of 30 normal persons as a control group, group B of 30 patients of untreated (POAG) (firstly diagnosed) by the clinical characters including measuring intraocular pressure (IOP), optic disc cupping and visual field changes and group C of 30 patients of POAG under medical treatment by topical anti-glaucomatous drugs. Serum ceruloplasmin, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and catalase activity were measured in all groups, statistical analysis of the data was performed. Results: In a comparison to group A of control, serum ceruloplasmin decreased significantly in group B of untreated POAG (20.95 ± 6.01) mg-dl and in group C of POAG under treatment (22.15 ± 6.14) mg-dl (P 0.05). Also, serum superoxide dismutase increased significantly in group B (2.23 ± 0.4) and in group C (2.19 ± 0.38) U-ml (P 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde increased significantly in group B (3.82 ± 0.74) nmol-ml and in group C (3.55 ± 0.73) nmol-ml (P 0.05). Serum catalase decreased significantly in group B (17.97 ± 2.75) U-ml and in group C (18.75 ± 2.33) U-ml in a comparison to the control group A (22.67 ± 3.05) U-ml (P 0.05). Conclusions: Serum ceruloplasmin level and the antioxidant (CAT) activity significantly decreased, while serum levels of SOD, MDA significantly increased in cases of POAG. This may indicate the need for addition of anti-oxidative stress therapy in combination with the anti-glaucomatous drugs. Monitoring these markers can be considered good indicators for determination of the oxidative stress condition in such cases.

关键词： Ceruloplasmin Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Oxidative Stress Markers Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Catalase Activity (CAT)

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Production and Properties of Superplasticized Concrete

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2011年第4期5卷 341-352页

作者： Mohamed attia Abd Elrahman M. A. Imam Ahmed H. abdel Reheem Ahmed Mohamed Tahwia Construction Materials and Chemistry Department Civil Engineering Institute TU Berlin Germany Structural Engineering Department Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt

The objective of this research is to study the effect of grinding powdered superplasticizer, Portland cement, sand, and silica fume on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Lose Angeles Machine was used to grind these constituents. The program was arranged to determine the effect of cycles＇ number, superplasticizer type and dosage, silica fume dosage and condition, and gravel to sand ratio on properties of concrete. Naphthalene sulphonated formaldehyde （NSF） superplasticizers in the forms of liquid and powdered were used. Silica fume may be grinded with the other constituents （grinded）, or added to concrete mixer （normal）. The water/cement （w/c） ratio varied from 0.35 to 0.55 to achieve a constant slump （50-90 mm）. Slumps, bulk density and mechanical properties of concrete were measured. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） was also used to show the differences between traditional and superplasticized concrete. The results showed that grinding the mixture enhances fresh and hardened concrete properties. It is also observed that grinding the mixture for 500 cycles is more effective than other numbers of grinding. In addition, superplasticized concrete exhibits compressive strength higher than traditional one at varied ages. Moreover, using powdered superplasticizer has a remarkable effect on enhancing concrete properties rather than using it in a liquid form. A dosage of 1% by weight of cement gave the highest results of compressive strength. Silica fume has an essential role in improving concrete strength and durability since it acts as very efficient void filler and as a super pozzolana. SEM observations illustrate that grinding the mixture enhances transition zone （TZ） properties and makes it denser. On the other hand, grinded mixture can be packaged in bags and transported for use in crowded cities, and so, enhances quality control, since the only requirement to obtain superplasticized concrete is to add water and gravel. This technique has many benefits s

关键词： Superplasticizer silica fume Los Angeles Machine cycles' number scanning electron microscope transition zone properties of fresh and hardened concrete.

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Assessment of Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Radiation Safety at Suez Canal University Hospital, Egypt

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Open Journal of Radiology 2015年第4期5卷 250-258页

作者： Rasha F. abdellah Shaimaa A. attia Ahmed M. Fouad Amani W. abdel-Halim Community Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University Ismailia Egypt

Doctors who request imaging must be well trained in deciding whether diagnostic imaging is indicated and have an accurate knowledge of the associated risks. Although radiological doses are low and the chance of late effect is minimal, it should be kept as low as reasonably achievable. This cannot be achieved without a proper knowledge and adherence to safe practices. This cross-sectional study investigates the level of physicians’ knowledge about radiation safety and their attitude towards radiation protection. A self-administered questionnaire, for radiation safety was sent to a purposive sample of 120 physicians at Suez Canal University Hospital. Eighty questionnaires were filled by participants (response rate;66.7%). The sample included 22 radiologists, 15 oncologists, 25 surgeons and 18 orthopedists. Most participants did not receive any radiation safety-related training (88.8%). Radiologists and oncologists were exposed to ionizing radiation more frequently;however, their knowledge was as low as that of other physicians. The overall knowledge score ranged from 40% - 60% (mean;56.5 ± 15.2), with a low score among surgeons and orthopedics. The most deficient knowledge was in the dose of background radiation and the radiation dose received by patients in each type of radiation procedure. Adherence to safe radiation practices was violated by most of participants, especially surgeons and orthopedics, but they attributed it to the poor applicability of the protective measures during performing the procedures. This study concluded that physicians at the Suez Canal University Hospital had deficient knowledge, unsafe practices and negative attitude towards radiation safety policies & precautions.

关键词： Physicians’ Knowledge Attitude Practice Radiation Safety

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Surgical management of primary hyperparathyroidism guided by double-phase Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy

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The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012年第1期11卷 24-32页

作者： abdel Hamid Hussein Ezzat Tarek El.Baradie Amr attia Magdy Kotb Ahmad Zaher Iman Gouda Department of Surgical Oncology National Cancer Institute Cairo University Department of Nuclear Medicine National Cancer Institute Cairo University Department of Pathology National Cancer Institute Cairo University

Objective:The aim of this work was to study the clinicopathological features of cases with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) referred to National Cancer Institute (NCI), Cairo University in the last six years and to study the role of nuclear medicine techniques in the initial diagnosis and preoperative localization directing surgical management of these cases. Methods: This study included 27 patients with PHPT properly diagnosed and treated in the NCI, Cairo University from January 2005 to December 2010. Preoperative neck U/S and Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy were done in all cases. If preoperative localization detected a single lesion, unilateral exploration was done. Bilateral exploration was done if multiple foci of active parathyroid glands or no lesions were detected. Results: This study included 27 patients (8 males and 19 females). The median age was 43 years (range from 19 to 68 years). All cases presented with bone disease in the form of bony pain in 23 patients, bony swellings in 15 patients and pathological fractures in 6 cases. Twenty one patients (77.8%) had single adenoma, 5 cases (18.5%) had parathyroid hyperplasia, and only one case had double adenomas. The sensitivity of neck U/S in detecting single adenoma was 61.9% (13/21), with 81% positive predictive value (PPV) while the sensitivity of Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy was 90.5% (19/21) with 100% PPV. Based on preoperative localization tests, unilateral exploration was done in 19 patients with solitary adenomas. All cases in this group were cured with no reported case of persistent or recurrent hypercalcemia. Conclusion: Presentation of PHPT may mimic malignant bone tumors but fortunately these patients were correctly diagnosed with bone scan which confirm the presence of metabolic bone disease rather than bone metastases. This was followed by estimation of serum calcium and parathormone levels for confirmation. Unilateral exploration based on the combination of ultrasound and preoperative localization by T

关键词： primary hyperparathyroidism Tc-99m-MIBI scintigraphy

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Environmental Studies on the Aqaba Gulf Coastal Waters during 2011-2013

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第10期7卷 1411-1437页

作者： Ahamed M. abdel-Halim Mohamed A. Aly-Eldeen Laila M. abdel fattah Mamdouh A. Fahmy Ehssan M. Abo-El-Khair Azza M. Khaled Ahamed Abu El-Soud Mohamed A. Shreadah National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Alexandria Egypt Environmental Affairs Agency Ministry of Environmental Affairs Cairo Egypt

In order to assess the quality of the Aqaba Gulf coastal waters for the sustainable use and development, and consequently for the national income, four field campaigns were annually carried out during the period from 2011-2013 to monitor hydrographic variables, i.e. temperature, salinity, pH, etc., nutrients, some heavy metals, i.e. iron, lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, etc. in addition to petroleum hydrocarbons. Except for the area of Sharm El-Sheikh Harbor, the results for the density, composition, and distributions of beach litter cleared out that the Egyptian shoreline of the Aqaba Gulf is relatively not affected by man-made litter. The area of Sharm El-Sheikh Harbor was subjected to many factors which undoubtedly affected the rate of man-made litter ac-cumulation, especially, oil contamination (oil and old or new tar) which is a good es-timator of levels of oil contamination and an effective means of evaluating the poten-tial threat of oil on coastal resources. The results of the present study cleared out also that water temperature followed seasonal changes in air temperature. Aqaba Gulf water is characterized by its high salinity and the presence of well oxygenated waters. Minor changes in the distribution of pH, BOD, DOM and COD, revealed limited effects of human impacts. Low levels of Chl-a and TSM concentrations and high transparency revealed also negligible effects for human impacts. Significantly higher sea water temperatures, TSM, DO, BOD, DOM, COD, NH4, NO2, PO4 and TP were observed in summer season compared to their corresponding values in winter season. On contrast, higher values of chlorophyll-a, NO2, TN, and SiO4 were observed in winter compared to summer season. Based on the mean annual values, Aqaba Gulf coastal waters are classified as oligotrophic to mesotrophic state. The concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen forms followed the following order: NH4= NO3>NO2. In general, the major

关键词： Physicochemical Properties Nutrients Heavy Metals Petroleum Hydrocarbons Coastal Water Gulf of Aqaba

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Therapeutic Mammoplasty in Management of Breast Cancer: A Prospective Clinical Study

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2017年第4期6卷 107-116页

作者： Ahmed Mohamed Farahat Amr abdel Meguid attia Mohamed Aly M. El Shafei El Zawahry Mohamed H. Zedan Hussein Osama Soliman National Cancer Institute Cairo University Giza Egypt

Background: The introduction of oncoplasticbreast surgery, with a concomitant contralateral symmetrization procedure, allows the surgical oncologist the freedom to perform wider excisions, with more favorable cosmetic outcomes. Objective: To assess the feasibility of bilateral breast reduction for the management of breast cancer, and to determine the most suitable surgical technique of therapeutic mammoplasty for each patient. And to evaluate the cosmetic outcome during the postoperative period. Methods: This study was from June 2014 until June 2016, and included 86 female patients with breast cancer;divided in 3 groups;group A;had bilateral superior pedicle reduction mammoplasty, group B;had bilateral inferior pedicle reduction mammoplasty, group C;had bilateral batwing mastopexy. 1 month postoperative, patients were asked to answer a 5-scale questionnaire evaluating their own cosmetic outcome. Criteria they were asked to evaluate were: symmetry, shape and volume, projection, correction of ptosis, visibility of the scars and overall satisfaction. A similar questionnaire was answered by a panel made up of a surgeon and breast-care nurse after seeing the pre- and post-operative photos of the patients in question. Results: Group A had a mean tumor size of 2.7 ± 0.69 cm, least resected margins 1.2 - 4.3 cm, Group B had a mean tumor size of 3.2 ± 1.19 cm, least resected margins 0.7 - 3.8 cm, Group C had a mean tumor size of 3.4 ± 1.12 cm, least resected margins 1.7 - 5.2 cm. Cosmetic results fared high above average. Group C fared better in overall satisfaction but Group B fared better in ptosis correction, projection and symmetry. The panel answers showed difference regarding shape and volume;the only two criteria to be almost of the same result among the three groups. Conclusion: Bilateral TM has some advantages when compared to standard conventional BCS techniques without having any unfavorable effects on surgical margin confidence, local recurrence, and survival rat

关键词： Breast Oncoplasty Therapeutic Mammoplasty Surgery Oncology Plastic Symmetry

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Assessment of the Hydrochemical Characteristics of the Suez Gulf Coastal Waters during 2011-2013

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第11期7卷 1497-1521页

作者： Ehssan M. Abo-El-Khair Laila M. abdel fattah Ahamed M. abdel-Halim Mohamed A. Abd-Elnaby Mamdouh A. Fahmy Hoda H. Ahdy Ahamed Hemeilly Ahamed Abu El-Soud Mohamed A. Shreadah Environmental Affairs Agency Ministry of Environmental Affairs Cairo Egypt National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Alexandria Egypt Environmental Affairs Agency Ministry of Environmental Affairs Cairo Egypt

The coastal region of the Suez Gulf, is one of the most densely industrialized zones in Egypt. In order to assess the quality of Suez Gulf coastal waters for the sustainable use and development, and consequently for the national income, 12 field campaigns were carried out in 3 years (2011-2013). The results of beach litter cleared out that the shoreline of the Suez Gulf, especially Ras Gharib area was subjected to many factors which undoubtedly affected the rate of man-made litter accumulation. The most abundant visible items were general litter as they represented 30.64% of the total items encountered. Oil, seaweeds as well as old and new tar constituted 15.41%, 14.85% and 11.84%, respectively. The increase on the levels of water temperature, Chl-a, TSM, DO, BOD, DOM, COD, ammonium ion, nitrite, nitrate, total phosphorus, silicate and total nitrogen developed a eutrophic region. In general, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) species were almost 9 times higher in the northern parts compared to the south-ern ones revealing that the northern parts of the Gulf were more affected by human impacts compared to the southern area. Moreover, concentrations of most studied metals such as Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Hg were higher in Northern parts com-pared to southern parts of the Gulf. The concentrations of dissolved metals in the northern and southern Suez Gulf followed the following order: Fe ≥ Zn ≥ Cu > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cr > Cd ≥ Hg. Except for Hg, concentrations of metals were in the accepta-ble ranges recommended internationally. Hg concentrations especially in the northern Suez Gulf were slightly higher than the permissible levels. As the northern parts of the Gulf were more suffered from oil pollution, total petroleum hydrocarbons revealed higher concentrations in the northern parts compared to the southern parts of the Gulf. Seasonal variations, on the other hand, indicated higher levels of DO, BOD, DOM and COD, chloropyll-a, TSM, ammonia, nitrate, total nitrogen

关键词： Hydrography Nutrient Salts Heavy Metals Petroleum Hydrocarbons Coastal Water Suez Gulf

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Evaluation of the Quality for the Egyptian Red Sea Coastal Waters during 2011-2013

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第12期7卷 1810-1834页

作者： Mamdouh A. Fahmy Laila M. abdel fattah Ahmed M. abdel-Halim Mohamed A. Aly-Eldeen Ehssan M. Abo-El-Khair Hoda H. Ahdy Hoda H. Ahdy Ahmed Hemeilly Ahmed Abu El-Soud Mohamed A. Shreadah National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Alexandria Egypt Environmental Affairs Agency Ministry of Environmental Affairs Cairo Egypt

To assess the quality of the Egyptian Red Sea coastal waters for the sustainable use and development, due to its importance for the national income, four field campaigns were annually carried out during the period from 2011-2013 to investigate the hydrography, nutrient salts, heavy metals and petroleum hydrocarbons. Except for the area of Bir Shalatein, the results of beach litter cleared out that the shoreline of the studied area is not affected by man-made litter. No sewage could be observed. The results of the present study showed that water temperature followed seasonal changes in air temperature. Red Sea water is more saline than adjacent Arabian Sea. DO revealed high values and presence of well oxygenated waters. Minor changes in the distribution of pH, BOD, DOM and COD, revealed that limited effects of human impacts and depend mainly on the dynamics of its water as well as on the geographical location. Low Chl-a and TSM concentrations and high transparency revealed that also the effect of human impacts is almost negligible. Significantly higher sea water temperatures, TSM, pH, DO, BOD, DOM, and COD were observed in summer season compared to their corresponding values in winter season. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were quite low because there is little nutrient input from soil, agriculture and pollution on land. Based on the annual mean values, the pattern concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen forms followed the order: NO3 > NH4 > NO2. The Red Sea coastal waters are classified as oligotrophic to mesotrophic state. A remarkable increase of PO4 concentration was observed in the middle Red Sea stations due to huge amounts of effluents enriched with phosphate from the main shipping and industry of Phosphate Companies. SiO4 displayed a large variability due to the supply of SiO4, which flows in the Red Sea through the strait of Bab El-Mandab, biological consumption, organic ma

关键词： Hydrography Nutrient Salts Heavy Metals Petroleum Hydrocarbons Coastal Water Red Sea

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平板柱头抗冲切数值模拟和试验评估

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钢结构(中英文) 2011年第1期 82-83页

作者： M.A.Eder R.L.Vollum A.Y.Elghazouli T.abdel-fattah

采用非线性有限元法,对钢筋混凝土板冲切破坏建模。提出1种模拟冲切破坏的分析程序。通过1个大比例尺的无抗剪钢筋的钢筋混凝土板的冲切破坏试验,说明该程序的有效性。通过一组参数分析,得出影响板抗冲切能力的关键因素。该程序用于模... 详细信息

采用非线性有限元法,对钢筋混凝土板冲切破坏建模。提出1种模拟冲切破坏的分析程序。通过1个大比例尺的无抗剪钢筋的钢筋混凝土板的冲切破坏试验,说明该程序的有效性。通过一组参数分析,得出影响板抗冲切能力的关键因素。该程序用于模拟在伦敦帝国理工大学进行的大比例尺混合钢筋混凝土平板的冲切破坏响应。试件包括1个管状钢柱柱头和1个ACI318结构钢柱头。分析结果基本可以预估剪切柱头对抗剪承载力的贡献,并且能评估现行的钢柱头的可靠性。

关键词：钢筋混凝土平板冲切剪力结构钢柱头非线性有限元分析设计规范欧洲规范2 ACI318

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