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How Is the COVID-19 Outbreak Affecting Wildlife around the World?

Open Journal of Ecology 2020年第8期10卷 497-517页

作者： abdel fattah n. abd rabou Department of Biology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine

The COVID-19 is the infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus at an animal market in Wuhan, China. Many wildlife species have been suggested as possible intermediate sources for the transmission of COVID-19 virus from bats to humans. The quick transmission ofn style="font-family:Verdana;"> COVID-19 outbreak has imposed quarantine measures across the world, and as a result, most of the world’s towns and cities fell silent under lockdowns. The current study comes to investigate the ways by which the COVID-19 outbreak affects wildlife globally. Hundreds of internet sites and scientific reports have been reviewed to satisfy the needs of the study. Stories of seeing wild animals roaming the quiet, deserted streets and cities during the COVID-19 outbreak have been posted in the media and social media. The strong link between wildlife markets and COVID-19 resulted in international calls asking countries to shut down wildlife markets forever. Poorer and vulnerable people around the world overexploit natural resources including wildlife. Roadkills became minimal because of the lockdown measures. The reduction in noise pollution level is expected to improve wildlife health and ecology including breeding success. The shortage of food items provided to zoo and park animals constituted a real threat to animals and the institution harboring them. The increase in fish biomass comes as a result of the sharp decline in fishing activities. The isolation of antibodies from certain wildlife species is promising in saving humankind against COVID-19. The infection of wild and pet animals with COVID-19 virus from humans and the interspecific transmission of the infection are disastrous to animal ecology. Finally, closures may enhance people to connect more and more with nature in order to acknowledge wildlife in their surrounding environments. In conclusion, the study asks the world’s different parties to conserve w

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak Wildlife Wildlife Markets China

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Ornithofauna Prevailing at Al-Mawasi Ecosystem of the Gaza Strip, Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2019年第9期9卷 360-400页

作者： abdel fattah n. abd rabou Department of Biology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine

In spite of its small area, Palestine (27,000 km2) is home to more than 500 species of ornithofauna, inhabiting all types of terrestrial and aquatic habitats. The Gaza Strip (365 km2), which represents 1.5% of Palestine, has a considerable number of ornithofaunistic species as well. Al-Mawasi ecosystem (14 m2), which lies in the far south-west of the Gaza Strip, has never been orinthologically studied. Thus, the current study comes to survey the ornithofauna prevailing at Al-Mawasi ecosystem as a natural to semi-natural environment. Ornithofauna were monitored using direct observations and binoculars for the lasted ten years (2009-2018). A total number of 135 ornithofaunistic species, belonging to 45 families and 17 orders were encountered at Al-Mawasi ecosystem. Passeriformes was the largest order and comprised 57 (42.2%) of the recorded species, while the non-passerines constituted the remaining 78 species (57.8%). Muscicapidae was the largest among the recorded families;represented by 13 species (9.6%), and followed by 10 species of Scolopacidae, (7.4%), 8 species of Ardeidae and Fringillidae (5.9%) for each and 7 species of Accipitridae (5.0%). Aquatic ornithofaunistic species represented 44 (32.6%) of the total species recorded, while the terrestrial ones represented 91 (67.4%). The Palestine Sunbird (nectarinia osea) is a common endemic Palestinian species in Al-Mawasi ecosystem. The Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) has become an actual source of financial income for its catchers, and as a result, it is extensively hunted in vast areas of the Gaza Strip. Finally, the study recommends carrying out more research on ornithofauna inhabiting the natural, agricultural and urban environments of the Gaza Strip. The establishment of a specialized center dealing with bird surveys and conservation is very essential in the Gaza Strip, which is an actual hot spot experiencing an escalating environmental degradation.

关键词： Ornithofauna Survey Bird Hunting Al-Mawasi Ecosystem Gaza Strip

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The Palestinian Terrestrial Vertebrate Fauna Preserved at the Biology Exhibitions of the Universities of the Gaza Strip

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Research in Ecology 2020年第4期2卷 9-21页

作者： abdel fattah n abd rabou nour J Musallam Eman J Musallam Kamal E Elkahlout Kamal J Elnabris Tarek A El-Bashiti Ismail I abdel Aziz Reham M Ishneiwra Eqbal S Radwan Hana S Saada Ashraf A Shafei nedal A Fayyad Saleh n Mwafy Huda E Abu Amra Ramy A Abu Alajeen Mohammed F Abu Owda Randa n Alfarra Haifaa A Hassouna Reem A Hassouna Mohammed R Al-Agha Mohammed A abd rabou Department of Biology and Biotechnology Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of English Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Biology Al-Azhar UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Biology Al-Aqsa UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Geography Al-Aqsa UniversityGaza StripPalestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Ministry of EducationGaza StripPalestine Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of PalestineGaza StripPalestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Islamic University of GazaGaza StripPalestine Department of Information Technology University College of Applied SciencesGaza StripPalestine

The Gaza Strip(365 km^(2))of Palestine(27,000 km^(2))is home to a wealth of terrestrial vertebrate *** of these faunistic species find their ways to preservation at the local ***,the current study comes to document the Palestinian terrestrial vertebrate fauna acquired by the biology exhibitions(BEs)of Al-Azhar University,Islamic University of Gaza and Al-Aqsa University that are located at the Gaza City of the Gaza *** amphibians,reptiles,birds and mammals preserved at BEs of the universities in question were surveyed and scientifically classified during a three-month period extending from January to March,*** study showed that all BEs of local universities are underdeveloped,lacking attention and suffer from specimen scarcity and good *** BE at Al-Azhar University is the best in the arrangement and preservation of bird specimens.A total number of 200 specimens belonging to 54 terrestrial vertebrate fauna species,39 families and 17 orders was recorded at *** constituted 40.7%of the total species recorded,followed by birds(38.9%),mammals(14.8%)and amphibians(5.6%).The Islamic University of Gaza was considered the best in terms of the number of preserved species(39.8%),followed by Al-Azhar University(36.3%)and Al-Aqsa University(23.9%).The Common Toad(Bufo viridis)was the most preserved among the amphibian species *** was the biggest reptilian order,comprising 20 species(8 lizards and 12 snakes),with the Syrian Black Snake(Coluber jugularis asianus)was the *** Palestine Viper(Vipera palaestinae)is endemic to Palestine and most venomous and dangerous to human *** Great White Pelican(Pelecanus onocrotalus)was the largest Palestinian bird preserved at BE of Al-Azhar *** Egyptian Mongoose(Herpestes ichneumon)and the Common Badger(Meles meles)were the biggest mammalian specimens preserved,while the Palestine Mole-rat(Spalax leucodon ehrenbergi)was the only Palestine endemic spe

关键词： Terrestrial vertebrate fauna Preservation Biology exhibitions Gaza universities Gaza Strip Palestine

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Occurrence and Some Ecological Aspects of the Golden Jackal (<i>Canis aureus</i>Linnaeus, 1758) in the Gaza Strip, Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2021年第2期11卷 105-125页

作者： abdel fattah n. abd rabou Kamal E. Elkahlout Fayez A. Almabhouh Walid F. Mohamed norman A. Khalaf Mona A. Al-Sadek Randa n. Alfarra Lamis T. Al-Moqayed Ashraf A. Shafei nedal A. Fayyad Belal S. Adeem Ayman W. Dardona abdallah S. Awad Mohammed R. Al-Agha Mohammed A. abd rabou Department of Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Biological and Geological Sciences Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Roxy Cairo Egypt Department of Environmental Research and Media National Research Center Palestine Accreditation and Quality Commission Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza Palestine Department of Curricula and Teaching Methods Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza Palestine Environment Quality Authority Gaza Palestine Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Information Technology University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Palestine

The Golden Jackal (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1758), which belongs to the Canidae family, is an opportunist carnivore in the Gaza Strip (365 square kilometers). The current study aims at giving notes on the occurrence and some ecological aspects of the species in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. The study, which lasted 14 years (2007-2020), is descriptive and cumulative in its style. It was based on frequent field visits, direct observations and meetings and discussions with wildlife hunters, farmers and other stakeholders. The findings of the study show that Gazans are familiar with the Golden Jackal to the extent that a Gazan family holds the Arabic name of the animal, which is “Wawi”. The Golden Jackal was sometimes encountered and hunted in the eastern parts of the Gaza Strip, which are characterized by the presence of wilderness areas, intensive agriculture, poultry pens and solid waste landfills. Like other a few mammalian faunas, the adult Golden Jackals enter the Gaza Strip through gaps in or burrows beneath the metal borders separating the Gaza Strip from the rest of the Palestinian Territories and Egypt. Gaza zoos were found to harbor tens of Golden Jackals trapped or hunted by clever wildlife hunters using different means such as wire cages known locally as “maltash” and foothold traps with metal jaws that may cause lesions to the trapped animals. Poisoning and shooting were also common methods used to control the jackals and other carnivores causing harm to agriculture and livestock. The animal was known among the Gazans as an omnivore, feeding on wild and domestic animals in addition to plant materials, garbage and carrions. In conclusion, the study recommends the need to raise ecological awareness to preserve the Golden jackal and to adopt safe control measures for jackals and other carnivores, including the construction of protective fences for agricultural fields and animal pens.

关键词： Carnivores Golden Jackals Trapping Foothold Traps Wildlife Hunters Zoos Gaza Strip

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Checklist of the Birds of the Gaza Strip—Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第3期13卷 155-182页

作者： abdel fattah n. abd rabou Bashar S. Jarayseh Lara M. Sirdah Mandy M. Sirdah Sinaa A. Ababsa Daoud I. Al-Hali Ayman W. Dardona Ashraf A. Shafei nedal A. Fayyad abdallah S. Awad Wael I. Almeshal Samer S. Abuzerr Inas A. abd rabou Othman A. abd rabou Mohammed A. abd rabou Sabah A. Abu Sharekh Mohammed R. Al-Agha Maged M. Yassin Abed Al Qader I. Hammad norman A. Khalaf Walid F. Mohamed Department of Biology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Environmental Education Center Beit Jala West Bank Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Gaza Strip Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Kafr Kanna Galilee Palestine Qimmah Secondary School Jerusalem (Al-Quds) Palestine Environment Quality Authority Gaza Strip Palestine Center for Desert Agriculture King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences E&#246tv&#246s Loránd University Budapest Hungary Department of Medical Sciences University College of Science & Technology Gaza Strip Palestine Department of nursing and Health Sciences University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Journalism and Media Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of GIS University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of School Health Ministry of Education and Higher Education Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Faculty of Medicine Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Geography Al-Aqsa University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environmental Research and Media National Research Center Palestine Department of Biological and Geological Sciences Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Roxy Cairo Egypt

Bird fauna checklists are important tools in ecology, biology, and conservation planning for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. Despite its small area, the Gaza Strip (365 km2) has a relatively large variety of resident and migratory bird fauna. Therefore, the current study aimed to provide an updated checklist of all bird fauna living in or inhabiting the Gaza Strip. Direct field observations using binoculars, continuous visits to zoos, pet stores and biology museums, discussion with bird hunters, follow-up of news and social networking sites, review of scientific publications and photography were the main tools to satisfy the purpose of the study. At least 250 bird species collected from different sources occur in the Gaza Strip and are included in the checklist. This list will not be static, but is inevitably subject to additions and changes in the face of times. The current 250 bird species of the Gaza Strip represent 45.4% of the 551 species of birds living in Palestine. The bird species were found to belong to 21 orders and 61 families. The Passeriformes (passerines) represented the largest order with 96 species of birds (38.4%), followed by the Charadriiformes 54 (21.6%), the Accipitriformes 18 (7.2%), Anseriformes 17 (6.8%) and Pelecaniformes 14 (5.6%), while the other orders represented the remaining percentage (20.4%). With regard to families, the Scolopacidae represented the largest family with 22 species of birds (8.8%), followed by the Anatidae and Accipitridae 17 for each (6.8%), the Muscicapidae 16 (6.4%) and Chariidridae and Fringillidae 11 for each (4.4%), while the other families represented the remaining percentage (62.4%). According to the IUCn regional threat categories, 226 species (90.4%) were Least Concern (LC), 12 (4.8%) were near Threatened (nT), 6 (2.4%) were Vulnerable (VU), 4 (1.6%) were Endangered (En) and 2 (0.8%) were Critically Endangered (CR). In conclusion, the study recommends a sustainable control of bird h

关键词： Bird Fauna Checklist Bird Hunting Conservation IUCn Categories Gaza Strip

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An Inventory of Some Relatively Large Marine Mammals, Reptiles, and Fishes Sighted, Caught, By-Caught, or Stranded in the Mediterranean Coast of the Gaza Strip-Palestine

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Open Journal of Ecology 2023年第2期13卷 119-153页

作者： abdel fattah n. abd rabou Kamal E. Elkahlout Kamal J. Elnabris Adel J. Attallah Jehad Y. Salah Mohammed A. Aboutair Waleed M. Thabit Sahar K. Serri Hassan G. Abu Hatab Sameeh M. Awadalah Wajdi M. Saqallah Mokhles S. Alhawajri Tariq K. Al-Sammak Bashar S. Jarayseh Sinaa A. Ababsa Daoud I. Al-Hali Aysha A. Rafeea Doaa S. Ghattas Huda E. Abu Amra Israa M. Jaber nedal A. Fayyad Ashraf A. Shafei Inas A. abd rabou Othman A. abd rabou Mohammed A. abd rabou Mazen T. Abualtayef Mohammed R. Al-Agha Yousif K. Ibrahim Rimel M. Benmessaoud Mourad M. Cherif Hashem A. Madkour Department of Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Marine Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Directorate General of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture Gaza Strip Palestine Environmental Education Center Beit Jala Palestine Wildlife Documenter and Photographer Kafr Kanna Palestine Qimmah Secondary School Jerusalem Palestine Kamal Al-Ohood Primary School for Girls North Gaza Education Directorate Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Biology Faculty of Science Al-Aqsa University Gaza Strip Palestine Department of nursing and Health Sciences University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Journalism and Media Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Strip Palestine Department of GIS University College of Applied Sciences Gaza Strip Palestine Department of Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Department of Environment and Earth Sciences Faculty of Science Islamic University of Gaza Gaza Palestine Water and Environment Quality Authority Gaza Strip Palestine national Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia Tunis Tunisia national Institute of Marine Sciences and Technologies (InSTM) La Goulette Port Tunis Tunisia national Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries Hurghada Egypt

The Mediterranean Sea is home to an interesting biodiversity. The current cumulative and descriptive study aims to enumerate some relatively large marine mammals, reptiles, and fishes that have been spotted, caught, by-caught, or stranded on the coast of the Gaza Strip, Palestine, which extends about 42 km along the Mediterranean Sea. This 20-year study from 2003 to 2022 relied much on frequent field visits, meetings, and discussions with stakeholders, following local media sites and social media pages, and photography. The study recorded at least 26 giants or relatively large marine organisms on the Mediterranean coast of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Certainly, the coming years may bring other marine organisms of relatively large sizes. Marine mammals included three species of cetaceans with the Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus) being the largest mammal and even the largest animal ever recorded in this study. Marine reptiles included three species of sea turtles, the largest of which is the Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), which is in fact the world’s largest sea turtle. The bony fishes were represented by ten species, the largest of which was the Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola), which is the largest bony fish in the world. The cartilaginous fishes included ten species with the largest specimens encountered were the Shortfin Shark (Isurus oxyrinchus), Bluntnose Sixgill Shark (Hexanchus griseus), Scalloped Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna lewini), and Giant Devil Ray (Mobula mobular). Seabirds were not included in the study. The Alexandria Pompano (Alectis alexandrinus) and the Silver-Cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus), which are bony fishes, appear to be the relatively smallest marine organisms recorded here. In conclusion, the role of the various parties must be coordinated to ensure the sustainability of human activities and their compatibility with the task of conserving local marine biota, including the gigantic or relatively large ones.

关键词： Mediterranean Sea Marine Biodiversity Marine Mammals Sea Turtles Bony Fishes Cartilaginous Fishes Gaza Strip Palestine

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Spectrofluorimetric and Spectrophotometric Stability- Iwndicating Methods for the Analysis of Veralipride in Presence of Its Degradants and in Spiked Human Plasma

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2012年第1期30卷 183-189页

作者： Salama,nahla nour El Din Ahmed Salem,Maissa Yacoub abd El Halim,Lobna Mohammed abdel fattah,Laila EI-Sayed national Organization for Drug Control and Research(nODCAR) 6 Abu Hazem StreetPyramids AveP.O.Box 29GizaEgypt Analytical Chemistry Department Faculty of PharmacyCairo UniversityCairoEgypt Analytical Chemistry Department Faculty of PharmacyMisr University for Science and Technology6th of OctoberEgypt

Spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric stability-indicating methods were developed and validated for analysis of veralipride （Ver） in presence of its hydrolytic and oxidative degradants. The spectrofluorimetric method was based on direct measurement of the intrinsic fluorescence of Ver at 366 nm after excitation at 299 nm using sodium lauryl sulfate （SLS） as micelle enhancer. The fluorescence intensity plot was linear over the concentration range 1.0-10.0 ***-1. The high sensitivity of the method allowed its successful application to the analysis of Ver in spiked human plasma. Two other methods were developed. They are based on the oxidative coupling reac- tion of Vet with 3-methyl benzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone （MBTH） hydrochloride in presence of ceric ammonium sulphate in an acidic medium. The first method depends on spectrophotometric measurement of the stable green colored oxidative coupling product at 660 nm. The different experimental parameters affecting the reaction were optimized. Linearity range is 10.0--100.0 ~tgomL-1. The second method depends on a fluorescence quenching effect of Vet on the fluorescence of Ce3＋. The difference in fluorescence intensity was measured at 380 nm after excitation at 300 nm. This method is applicable over the concentration ranges 0.25-2.50 pg-mL-1. The methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines. They were successfully applied for the analysis of Ver in drug substance, drug product and in laboratory prepared mixtures containing different percentages of hydrolytic and oxidative degradants.

关键词： veralipride micelle-enhanced fluorescence MBTH validation stability fluorescence quenching Ce3+

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Characterization and beneficiation of the Egyptian black shale for possible extraction of organic matter

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2014年第2期24卷 177-182页

作者： abd El-Rahiem F.H. Hassan M.S. Selim K.A. abdel-Khalek n.A. Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute

The present paper focuses on obtaining concentrate enriched with organic matter that could be suitable for a retorting process from black shale; this is black shale from the Safaga area on the Red Sea Coast. X-ray diffraction and optical polarising microscope are used in evaluating black shale minerals. Attrition scrubbing and flotation were conducted for enrichment of organic matter in the black shale sample. Mineralogical studies revealed that black shale samples contain bituminous calcareous clay stone, quartz, apatite and pyrite. Rabah mine black shale contains 28% organic matter. The results of the different separation techniques indicate that attrition and flotation techniques successively enriched the organic matter in the black shale. The organic matter could be enriched in the black shale and obtained a concen- trate with 59% assavinz and 85% recovery.

关键词： Black shale Kerogen Organic matter Attrition scrubbing Flotation

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Transport Properties of K_xV_2O_5·nH_2O nanocrystalline Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2011年第10期27卷 865-872页

作者： A.A.Bahgat H.A.Mady A.S.abdel Moghny A.S.abd-Rabo Samia E.negm Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar University

Five different compositions of KxV2O5-nH2O （where prepared by the sol-gel process. Electrical conductiv x=0.00, 0.0017, 0.0049, 0.0064 and 0.0091 mol） were ty and thermoelectric power were measured parallel to the substrate surface in the temperature range of 300-480 K. The electrical conductivity showed that all samples were semiconductors and that conductivity increased with increasing K content. The conductivity of the present system was primarily determined by hopping carrier mobility. The carrier density was evaluated as well. The conduction was confirmed to obey non-adiabatic small polaron hopping. The thermoelectric power or Seebeck effect, increased with increasing K ions content. The results obtained indicated that an n-type semiconducting behavior within the temperature range was investigated.

关键词： Vanadium pentoxide xerogel nanocrystalline film Electrical conductivity Small polaron hopping

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Recovery of oil and free fatty acids from spent bleaching earth using sub-critical water technology supported with kinetic and thermodynamic study

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 261-272页

作者： Rehab abdel fattah n. A. Mostafa Mohamed S. Mahmoud Wael abdelmoez Chemical Engineering Ddepartment Minia University Minia Egypt Faculty of Aapplied Mmedical Sscience Taif Uni-versity Taif KSA

This work represents the extraction of oil with high free fatty acid content from spent bleaching earth using sub-critical water technology as a greener production pathway. The extraction efficiencies under different conditions were investigated. The studied parameters include temperatures in the range of 180 to 270°C, the feed to solventfeed-to-solvent (in this case water) ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5) and extraction times in the range of 5-60 minutes. The results showed that the optimum temperature, feed to solventfeed-to-solvent ratio, and extraction time were 270°C, 1:3, and 20 minutes, respectively. In another experiment, the extracted free fatty acids were converted into mono-, di-, and triglycerides through esterification with glycerol to increase the value added of the extracted products. The kinetics of the extraction process was found to be corresponding to an irreversible consecutive unimolecular-type first order reaction, consisting of the extraction step followed by the decomposition reaction step. Both reaction rates of extraction and decomposition were estimated using the reaction rate equations utilizing the nonlinear regression method. The apparent activation energy was calculated to be 46.1 kJ·mol-1. This result indicates a diffusion controlled reaction. For more exploration and deep understanding of the extraction mechanism, other thermodynamic parameters were also calculated and analyzed including,ΔH#, ΔS#, and ΔG# of the extraction step.

关键词： Spent Bleaching Earth Sub-Critical Water Technology Kinetics of Extraction Thermodynamic Parameters

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