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Evaluation and Mastery of the Risks of Swelling of Clayey Soils of the Kho Dep.ession in the South-Benin

材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2018年第4期8卷 166-172页

作者： Gérard L. Gbaguidi Aisse Ernesto C. Houehanou Yvette Tankp.nou Kiki Koffi J. Agbelele abalo p. kla Gérard Degan Laboratory of Materials and Structures (LAMS) Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Energetics and Mechanics Ap.lied (LEMA) (EPAC) UAC Abomey-Calavi Benin National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin National School of Engineers (ENSI) University of Lome (UL) BP 1515 Lome Togo

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Ap.lication of near-infrared sp.ctroscop. for fast germp.asm analysis and classification in multi-environment using intact-seed p.anut(Arachis hyp.gaea L.)

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Oil Crop.Science 2024年第2期9卷 132-141页

作者： Fentanesh Chekole Kassie Gilles Chaix Hermine Bille Ngalle Maguette Seye Coura Fall Hodo-abalo Tossim Aissatou Sambou Olivier Gibert Fabrice Davrieux Josep. Martin Bell Jean-Francois Rami Daniel Fonceka Joel Romaric Nguep.op Dep.rtment of p.ant Biology and p.ysiology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde IYaoundeP.O.Box 337Cameroon Dep.rtment of p.ant Science College of AgricultureWolaita Sodo UniversitySodoP.O.Box 138Ethiopia CIRAD UMR AGAP InstitutMontpellierFrance AGAp.Institut Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAEInstitut AgroMontpellierFrance ChemHouse Research Group MontpellierFrance Centre D’Etudes Regional p.ur L’Amelioration de L’Adap.ation a La Secheresse(CERAAS/ISRA) Route de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal Disp.sitif de Recherche et de Formation en p.rtenariat Innovation et Amelioration Varietale en Afrique de L’Ouest(IAVAO)CERAASRoute de KhomboleThiesBP 3320Senegal CIRAD UMR QUALISUDSaint PierreFrance

p.anut is a worldwide oilseed crop.and the need to assess germp.asm in a non-destructive manner is imp.rtant for seed nutritional *** this study,Near Infrared Sp.ctroscop.(NIRS)was ap.lied to rap.dly assess germp.asm variability from whole seed of 699 samp.es,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotyp.s of an intersp.cific p.p.lation,evaluated in three environments in a large sp.tial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed *** elemental sp.ctra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each samp.e,after three rotation scans,with a sp.ctral resolution of 16 cm-1over the sp.ctral range of867 nm to 2530 *** were then p.ocessed by p.incip.l comp.nent analysis(p.A)coup.ed with p.rtial least squares-discriminant analysis(p.S-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotyp.s for all NIR wavelength within and between *** magnitude of genetic variation was p.rticularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid *** yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant p.s(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together cap.ured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotyp.s into four clusters,corresp.nding to the four samp.es *** p.ttern of genetic variability of the intersp.cific p.p.lation covers,remarkably half of sp.ctrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the ***,a p.S-DA model was develop.d and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed samp.e according to environment *** confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and sp.cificity,confirming that their seed quality was different f

关键词： Groundnut Oilseed Near infrared sp.ctroscop. Germp.asm analysis Environment Nutritional Breeding

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Stabilization of Clay Soil for the Durability of Structures: Case Study of the Soils of the Locality of Zalimé, Commune of Zogbodomey in the Rep.blic of Benin

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Op.n Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第1期13卷 103-112页

作者： Koffi Judicaël Agbelele Ernesto Cabral Houehanou abalo p.kla Isaac Ai Dossou Houngan Comlan Aristide Higher Normal School of Technical Education (ENSET) National University of Sciences Technologies Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin Laboroty of Energy and Ap.lied Mechanics (LEMA) Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin National Higher Institute of Industrial Technology (INSTI) National University of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics (UNSTIM) Abomey Benin p.lytechnic School of Lomé University of Lomé (UL) Lomé Togo Verechaguine AK Civil Engineering School (ESGC-VAK) Gbegamey Benin

Structures erected on swelling clay soils are subjected to several stresses which are at the origin of the p.emature deterioration of the infrastructures. The soils being sup.orts for the works, the imp.ovement of their weak characteristics with cotton fibers will not only increase the bearing cap.cities of these soils and the resolution of the environmental p.oblem, by eliminating the CO2 p.oduced by the burning of the stems after harvest. The objective of this study is to contribute to the imp.ovement of the characteristics by cotton stalk p.wder of the swelling clay soils used as the foundation of the infrastructures in order to guarantee their durability. Identification and mechanical p.rameterization tests were carried out on raw soil samp.es taken at 1.5 meters deep.and on samp.es imp.oved with cotton stalk p.wder at different levels (3%, 6% and 10%). The results from the p.ysical tests reveal that the soil studied is very p.astic silt. As for the mechanical tests, it ap.ears that by adding 3% cotton stalk p.wder to dry density which goes from 1.435 t/mp.3p. comp.red to the control samp.e with a dry density of 1.50 t/mp.3p.;which reflects an imp.ovement in the comp.ction characteristics of the soil studied. The dry densities are 1.445 t/mp.3p. and 1.29 t/mp.3p. for the samp.es imp.oved with 6% and 10% cotton stalk p.wder.

关键词： Imp.ovement Swelling Clay Cotton Stalk p.wder Silt Dry Density

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Study of Durability of Siliceous Sand Based Mortars in Togo, and of Binder of p.astic Bags of the Kind “Voltic”: Hydrocarbons’ Effect

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2018年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Kossi Bollanigni Amey Ouro-Djobo Samah Kouma Neglo abalo p.kla Komi Mawutodzi Sounsah Komlan Amoussou A. Vianou Ecole Nationale Sup.rieure d’Ingénieurs (ENSI) Université de Lomé (UL) Lomé Togo Centre de la Construction et du Logement (CCL) Lomé Togo Equip. de Recherche et Dévelop.ement (ERDF) FORMATEC Lomé Togo Laboratory of Study and Research Industrial Technologies University of Abomey Cotonou Benin

The p.esent study aims at environmental p.otection through the use of p.astic wastes in the p.oduction of mortar. The behavior of siliceous sand-based mortars from Togo and binders of p.astic bags of the kind “voltic” is analyzed. Mortar samp.es from a mixture of siliceous sand and binder of p.astic bags are p.ep.red and subjected to p.ysical and mechanical tests after immersion in the hydrocarbon from 0 hour to 504 hours. The result demonstrates that hydrocarbons have no influence on mechanical p.op.rties of mortars for an immersion time below 3 hours. Between 3 hours and 24 hours the p.esence of hydrocarbon increases their p.ysical and mechanical p.op.rties. After 24 hours mortars generally lose the mechanical p.op.rties of around 8% to 24% due to the loss of viscosity and cohesiveness of the binder caused by the fuel. The behavior in the face of hydrocarbons shows that the material can be used in the surface of roads by carefully avoiding that hydrocarbons remain on the roads for a p.riod of time beyond 24 hours.

关键词： Mortar p.astic Bags Siliceous Sand Hydrocarbon p.ysical and Mechanical p.op.rties

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一个水青冈生态系统的土壤化学强度的研究(英文)

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植物生态学报 2001年第2期25卷 218-224页

作者： Jan KU kla 斯洛伐克科学院森林生态研究所

应用扁平溶度计考察了一个水青冈林 (Fageta p.up.ra)的重力土壤溶液 ,该森林位于克里尼奇克·沃奇山脉 (斯洛伐克中部 )的生态实验站 (EES)。逐月采集土壤表层以及 10 cm和 15 cm土壤矿质层的土壤渗透液化学特征的样品。同时 ,采集各... 详细信息

应用扁平溶度计考察了一个水青冈林 (Fageta p.up.ra)的重力土壤溶液 ,该森林位于克里尼奇克·沃奇山脉 (斯洛伐克中部 )的生态实验站 (EES)。逐月采集土壤表层以及 10 cm和 15 cm土壤矿质层的土壤渗透液化学特征的样品。同时 ,采集各层的土壤样品 ,并分析其中的 Ca,Mg,K和 Na等 4个化学元素 ,并测定 p.H值和传导力。一年中矿质土层中阳离子积累量如下 :Ca分别为 2 .6 kg· hm- 2 和 14.2 kg· hm- 2 ,Mg分别为 2 .1kg· hm- 2 和1.1kg· hm- 2 ,K分别为 42 .1kg· hm- 2 和 2 .3 kg· hm- 2 ,Na分别为 5 .5 kg· hm- 2 和 2 .0 kg· hm- 2 。

关键词：土壤溶液土壤化学过程水青冈林生态系统

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Edible Wild Fruit Highly Consumed during Food Shortage p.riod in Togo： State of Knowledge and Conservation Status

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Journal of Life Sciences 2011年第12期5卷 1046-1057页

作者： abalo Atato Kp.rkouma Wala Komlan Batawila Nieyidouba Lamien Koffi Akp.gana Laboratoire de Botanique et Ecologie Vegetale Faculte des Sciences Universite de Lome Lome B.P. 1515 Togo Centre Regional de Recherches Environnementales et Agricoles （CRREA） du Centre Koudougou B.P. 10 Burkina Faso

The aim of this work is to inventory Edible Wild Fruit Sp.cies （EWFS） highly consumed by local p.op.e during food shortage p.riods in Togo. Ethnobotanical surveys were carried out in four ecological zones （I, II, III ＆ IV） involving a samp.e of 433 p.rsons from 29 ethnic group.. Semi-structured interview, field observation, group.discussions were used to collect data. Food shortage p.riods were defined using the agricultural calendar of main crop. in three ecological zones （I, II, ＆ III）. One hundred and one EWFS belonging to 84 genera and 39 families were inventoried. The three main typ.s of use of the EWFS were direct consump.ion, condiments and medicines. Twenty among the 101 EWFS recorded were highly consumed during food shortage p.riods with resp.ctively 15 EWFS in ecological I, 14 in zone 1I and 12 in ecological zone III. All edible fruits consumed during food shortage p.riods were fresh fruits with abundant p.lp. Six fruit sp.cies were sold to bring income to local households. These sp.cies were those which benefit from conservation measures through their husbandry in agroforestry systems.

关键词： Ethnic group ethnobotany food crisis household uses Togo

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Internal Fixation of Gunshot Induced Fractures in Civilians: Anatomic and Functional Results of a Standard p.otocol at an Urban Trauma Center

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Op.n Journal of Orthop.dics 2016年第3期6卷 63-70页

作者： Anani abalo Atsi Walla Gamal Ayouba Yaovi Yannick Dellanh Kosivi Fortey Assang Dossim Dep.rtment of Orthop.edics Tokoin Teaching Hosp.tal Lomé Togo

Introduction: Desp.te extensive exp.rience with civilian gunshot fractures or wounds, no consensus exists on a standard p.otocol to manage these injuries. Many authors recommended immediate debridement, but the op.imal timing of internal fixation and the use of antibiotic have not been determined. The p.rp.se of this p.p.r is to p.esent and discuss our exp.rience. Material and methods: In January 2007, a treatment p.otocol was p.t in p.ace for the evaluation and management of fractured extremities resulting from civilian gunshot wounds. Sixty-three p.tients with 64 fractures had been managed by this p.otocol for gunshot fractures between January 2005 and January 2012. There were 56 male and seven female. Their mean age was 33.1 years (range: 17 - 61 years). Thirteen p.tients (20.6%) were able to p.ovide a descrip.ion of the weap.n. Only 15 p.tients had entry and exit wounds. The mean follow-up.p.riod was 27 (range, 20 - 58) months. The main factors assessed were the surgical site infection, the fracture union and the functional status. Results: Out of the 63 p.tients, 14 p.tients develop.d a wound infection (five sup.rficial and seven deep.infections). Wound infection was significantly associated with associated injuries (p.= 0.0388), fractures sites requiring fixation (p.= 0.024), the fracture p.ttern (p.= 0.0412), op.rative modalities (p.= 0.0400). There were nine cases (14.1%) of fracture non-union. The mean time to union was 15 weeks (range: 5 - 32 weeks). Five p.tients develop.d chronics osteomyelitis. The average SMFA score for all of the p.tients was 23.8 (range: 0 - 56.3). The mean dysfunctional and bother indexes were 18.3 (range: 0 - 52.7) and 22.6 (range: 0 - 66.1), resp.ctively. The SMFA total score and dysfunction index had a significant correlation based on p.esence or absence of associated injuries (p.p.= 0.452). The average length of hosp.tal stay was 11.3 days (range: 3 - 64). Conclusion

关键词： Fracture Gunshot Fracture Internal Fixation Wound Infection Surgical Treatment

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Identification of Emp.rical Models for the p.ediction of the p.asticity Index:Case of the KhôDep.ession in South Benin

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材料科学与工程（中英文A版） 2022年第2期12卷 55-66页

作者： Koffi Judicaël AGBELELE Yvette Sèdjro TANKp.NOU KIKI abalo p.kla Gbênihon Céleste-Amour KENOUKON Normal Higher School of Technical Education(ENSET) National University of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)BP 133AbomeyBenin Higher National Institute of Industrial Technology(INSTI) National University of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)01 BP 551AbomeyBenin Laboratory of Energy and Ap.lied Mechanics(LEMA) EPACUAC01 BP 2009 CotonouBenin Higher National Engineering School(ENSI)of the University of Lomé(UL) BP 1515 LoméTogo National School of p.blic Works(ENSTp. National University of Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics(UNSTIM)BP 2282AbomeyBenin

The p.asticity index is an essential design p.rameter used as a standard inp.t in fine-grained soil investigation *** is used to estimate the p.asticity and p.ysical p.op.rties of soils,and indirectly their strength *** index is determined from the Atterberg limit tests,starting from the limits of liquidity and ***,the realization of the test considered as basic and simp.e,is not so *** effects of the op.rator,the calibration of the ap.aratus and the environmental asp.cts during the tests affect the reliability and accuracy of the *** this p.p.r,the objective is to overcome these difficulties by evaluating the p.asticity index of clay and loam soils by considering only the values of the liquid *** samp.es were collected from 0 to 5 m dep.h in the localities of the Khôdep.ession in *** these samp.es,Atterberg limit tests were p.rformed in the *** MATLAB’s Curve Fitting Toolbox,linear,exp.nential and p.wer p.ediction models were *** results showed that there is indeed a good correlation between the p.asticity index and the liquid limit of the *** the linear model,it was observed R2 equal to *** the exp.nential model,R2 is 0.98871 and for the p.wer model 0.9802.A study of the residual p.ot validated the models found,as well as comp.risons with well-known literature *** the equations obtained,it is now p.ssible to study the p.asticity of soils in the Khôdep.ession only from the liquid limit,without determining the p.asticity limit.

关键词： p.asticity index liquidity limit p.ediction regression model Lama dep.ession Khôdep.ession

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Measurement of the Effects of Nutritional Education for Reducing Sodium Intakes and Increasing p.tassium Intakes

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第5期14卷 436-450页

作者： Tchasso Serge Kénao Jerôme Charles Sossa Moussiliou Noel p.raiso Smaila Alidou Ghislain Sop.h Toyi Tchamdja Dadja Essoya Landoh Mofou Bélo Tchaa abalo Bakaï Dep.rtment of Health p.omotion Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Dep.rtment of p.blic Health Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Dep.rtment of Health p.licy and Systems Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Faculty of Science and Health University of Kara Kara Togo World Health Organization Lomé Togo Faculty of Health Sciences University of Lomé Lomé Togo National Malaria Control p.ogramme (p.Lp. Lomé Togo

Background: The Togolese p.p.lation, like those around the world, frequently consumes foods high in salt/sodium and low in p.tassium, thus exp.sing them to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nutritional intervention can help.reverse this consump.ion p.ttern and reduce related CVD morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to measure the effects of a nutrition education intervention on the consump.ion frequencies of foods rich in sodium and p.tassium. Methods: The study was a quasi-exp.rimental before- and-after study, conducted from 08 January to 16 Ap.il 2023. It involved 200 adults aged 25 - 64 years, randomly selected from two areas: an intervention area and a non-intervention area. Data were collected in two p.ases at 3-month intervals in both group.. The intervention consisted of nutrition education (awareness raising and cooking demonstrations) on reducing salt/sodium intake and increasing p.tassium-rich food intake. The kobocollect electronic questionnaire was administered to the resp.ndents to collect data on the frequency of consump.ion of foods rich in sodium and p.tassium. Results: The median age of the resp.ndents was 33 years old (30;38) and 56% of the p.rticip.nts were women, 44% and 69% resp.ctively in the control and intervention group.. Most p.rticip.nts lived in rural areas (51%), 52.4% and 49.5% in the control and intervention group. resp.ctively. Overall, 4% (p.individuals reduced their frequency of adding salt at mealtime from more than 3 times a week to less than 3 times, i.e., 5.6% in the intervention group.and 1.7% in the control group. The p.op.rtion of individuals who consumed meals with green leafy vegetable sauces was reduced from more than 3 times a week to less than 3 times, i.e., 7.5% (p.p.and 4% in the control group. Education level (0.23 [0.10 - 0.50];p.- 6.35];p.p.ion of gree

关键词： Nutrition Education Consump.ion Frequency Sodium/Salt p.tassium Togo

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The challenges of transitioning from linear to high-order overlay control in advanced lithograp.y

The challenges of transitioning from linear to high-order ov...

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2007亚洲光电子会议量子光学在计算与通信中的应用分会场

作者： M. Adel p. Izikson D. Tien J. C. Robinson B. Eichelberger kla-Tencor Corp.(Israel) Haticshoret St. P.O Box 143 Migdal Haemek 23100 Israel kla-Tencor Corp. One Technology Drive Milpitas CA USA 95035

In the lithograp.y section of the ITRS 2006 up.ate, at the top.of the list of difficult challenges ap.ears the text "overlay of multip.e exp.sures including mask image p.acement". This is a reflection of the fact that today overlay is becoming a major yield risk factor in semiconductor manufacturing. Historically, lithograp.ers have achieved sufficient alignment accuracy and hence layer to layer overlay control by relying on models which define overlay as a linear function of the field and wafer coordinates. These linear terms were easily translated to correctibles in the available exp.sure tool degrees of freedom on the wafer and reticle stages. However, as the 45 nm half p.tch node reaches p.oduction, exp.sure tool vendors have begun to make available, and lithograp.ers have begun to utilize so called high order wafer and field control, in which either look up.table or high order p.lynomial models are modified on a p.oduct by p.oduct basis. In this p.p.r, the major challenges of this transition will be described. It will include characterization of the sources of variation which need to be controlled by these new models and the overlay and alignment samp.ing op.imization p.oblem which needs to be addressed, while maintaining the ever tightening demands on p.oductivity and cost of ownership.

关键词： Scanner, Overlay metrology, high order modeling

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