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Overflow Cont.olled Declining Rat. Filt.at.on: A Concept.al Design for Increased Flexibilit. and Dynamism

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Journal of Wat.r Resource and Prot.ct.on 2019年第10期11卷 1245-1259页

A declining rat. filt.r operat.ng t.rough over flow cont.ol mode is proposed in t.is paper wit. a view t. improving t.e overall performance of declining rat. filt.rs. t.adit.onal declining rat. filt.rs have in-built.self-adjust.ent.of flow rat.s among t.e filt.rs assist.d wit. downst.eam orifice for flow cont.ol wit. limit.d flexibilit. for furt.er adjust.ent. t.e proposed design allows t.e cont.ol of flow level and flow rat.s in individual filt.rs, t.e wat.r level in t.e over flow dist.ibut.r t.nk and offers increased flexibilit. in responding t. changes in filt.at.on variables and opt.mising t.e overall performance of t.e filt.rs. t.e design set.up can also operat. as const.nt.rat. filt.r t.rough set.ing t.e wat.r level in t.e dist.ibut.r t.nk t. t.e maximum.

关键词： Wat.r t.eat.ent Filt.at.on Declining Rat. Filt.rs Variable Rat. Filt.rs Const.nt Rat. Filt.rs Filt.r Run

Variable Chlorine Decay Rat. Modeling of t.e Mat.apha t.wn Wat.r Net.ork Using EPANEt.Program

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Journal of Wat.r Resource and Prot.ct.on 2019年第1期11卷 37-52页

作者： ababu t. tiruneh t.sfamariam Y. Debessai Gabriel C. Bwembya St.nley J. Nkambule L. Zwane Depart.ent.of Environment.l Healt. Science University of Eswatini Kwaluseni Eswatini Depart.ent.of Chemist.y University of Eswatini Kwaluseni Eswatini

A variable chlorine decay rat. modeling of t.e Mat.apha t.wn wat.r net.ork was developed based on init.al chlorine dosages. t.e model was adequat.ly described by a second order rat. funct.on of t.e chlorine decay rat. wit. respect.t. t.e init.al chlorine dose applied. Simulat.ons of chlorine residuals wit.in t.e Mat.apha wat.r dist.ibut.on net.ork were run using t.e EPANEt.2.0 program at.different.init.al chlorine dosages and using t.e variable decay rat. as described by t.e second order model. t.e measurement.result. indicat.d t.at.t.e use of const.nt.decay rat. t.nded t. underest.mat. chlorine residuals leading t. pot.nt.ally excess dosages wit. t.e associat.d chemical cost.and side effect.. t.e error bet.een t.e t.o rat. models varied bet.een 0% and 15%. It.is suggest.d t.at.t.e use of wat.r qualit. simulat.on programs such as EPANEt.be enhanced t.rough t.e ext.nsion programs t.at.accommodat. variable rat. modeling of chlorine residuals wit.in dist.ibut.on syst.ms.

关键词： Pipe Net.ork EPANEt Chlorine Residual Bulk Decay Rat. Wat.r Qualit. Chlorine Dose

A Grey Wat.r Dam Design for t.e t.eat.ent.and Reuse of Grey Wat.r from Single and Mult.ple Households

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Journal of Wat.r Resource and Prot.ct.on 2014年第14期6卷 1259-1267页

作者： ababu t.klemariam tiruneh Depart.ent.of Environment.l Healt. Science University of Swaziland Kwaluseni Swaziland

An innovat.ve design for t.e t.eat.ent.and reuse of grey wat.r is present.d in t.e form of a grey wat.r dam which is an out.rowt. of t.e vert.cal grey wat.r t.wer. A hydraulic equat.on has been formulat.d and is present.d in t.is paper which is used t. det.rmine t.e seepage pat. wit.in t.e grey wat.r dam, and det.rmine t.e dimensions of t.e dam component.. t.e hydraulic equat.on model also helps in avoiding soil piping problems by keeping t.e phreat.c line wit.in t.e grey wat.r dam. Veget.bles are plant.d around t.e surface of t.e dam as a reuse opt.on while helping recycling of wat.r in t.e form of evapot.anspirat.on. A successful pilot.t.ial of t.is dam was run in Mnyamat.ini area in Swaziland which can accept.grey wat.r from mult.ple households.

关键词： Grey Wat.r Wat.r Reuse Wat.r Recycling Wast.wat.r t.eat.ent Pollut.on Environment.l Prot.ct.on

Higher Order Ait.en Ext.apolat.on wit. Applicat.on t. Converging and Diverging Gauss-Seidel It.rat.ons

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Journal of Applied Mat.emat.cs and Physics 2013年第5期1卷 128-143页

作者： ababu t.klemariam tiruneh Depart.ent.of Environment.l Healt. Science University of Swaziland Mbabane Swaziland

In t.is paper, Ait.en’s ext.apolat.on normally applied t. convergent.fixed point.it.rat.on is ext.nded t. ext.apolat. t.e solut.on of a divergent.it.rat.on. In addit.on, higher order Ait.en ext.apolat.on is int.oduced t.at.enables successive decomposit.on of high Eigen values of t.e it.rat.on mat.ix t. enable convergence. While ext.apolat.on of a convergent.fixed point.it.rat.on using a geomet.ic series sum is a known form of Ait.en accelerat.on, it.is shown t.at.in t.is paper, t.e same formula can be used t. est.mat. t.e solut.on of set. of linear equat.ons from diverging Gauss-Seidel it.rat.ons. In bot. convergent.and divergent.it.rat.ons, t.e rat.os of differences among t.e consecut.ve values of it.rat.on event.ally form a convergent.(divergent. series wit. a fact.r equal t. t.e largest.Eigen value of t.e it.rat.on mat.ix. Higher order Ait.en ext.apolat.on is shown t. eliminat. t.e influence of dominant.Eigen values of t.e it.rat.on mat.ix in successive order unt.l t.e it.rat.on is det.rmined by t.e lowest.possible Eigen values. For t.e convergent.part.of t.e Gauss-Seidel it.rat.on, furt.er accelerat.on is made possible by coupling of t.e ext.apolat.on t.chnique wit. t.e successive over relaxat.on (SOR) met.od. Applicat.on examples from bot. convergent.and divergent.it.rat.ons have been provided. Coupling of t.e ext.apolat.on wit. t.e SOR t.chnique is also illust.at.d for a st.ady st.t. t.o dimensional heat.flow problem which was solved using MAt.AB programming.

关键词： Linear Equat.ons Gauss-Seidel It.rat.on Ait.en Ext.apolat.on Accelerat.on t.chnique It.rat.on Mat.ix Fixed Point It.rat.on

Recent.progress of energy t.ansfer and luminescence int.nsit. boost.ng mechanism in Nd3+-sensit.zed upconversion nanopart.cles

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Journal of Rare Eart.s 2019年第8期37卷 791-805,I0001页

作者： Solomon tiruneh Dibaba Xiaoqian Ge Wei Ren Lining Sun Physics Depart.ent and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular StructuresShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Research Cent.r of Nano Science and t.chnology and School of Material Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Rare eart. doped upconversion nanopart.cles can be considered as t.e spice of research in t.e field of luminescence nanomat.rials due t. t.eir unique opt.cal propert.es such as near-infrared *** works have been report.d about.biomedical applicat.ons of 980 nm excit.d and Yb^3+-sensit.zed upconversion ***,980 nm excit.t.on wavelengt. overlaps wit. t.e absorpt.on band of wat.r molecules in t.e biological environment.leading t. overheat.ng effect.t.at.can induce t.ermal damages of normal cells and ***,Nd^3+-sensit.zed upconversion nanopart.cles which can be excit.d wit. 808 nm has been widely invest.gat.d as alt.rnat.ve nanopart.cles t.at.can surmount.t.is issue of overheat.ng *** t.ough Nd^3+-sensit.zed upconversion nanopart.cles can reduce t.e overheat.ng effect.by 20 fold as compared t. Yb^3+-sensit.zed count.rpart.t.ere are several fact.rs t.at.reduce t.e upconversion luminescence *** t.is review art.cle,phot.n energy harvest.ng and t.ansferring mechanisms in Nd^3+,Yb^3+and emit.er ions co-doped upconversion nanopart.cles under 808 nm excit.t.on are briefly *** t.at.affect.upconversion luminescence int.nsit. and quant.m yield of Nd^3+-sensit.zed upconversion nanopart.cles are also ***,some of t.e import.nt.st.at.gies t.at.have been recent.y ut.lized t. boost.upconversion luminescence int.nsit. of Nd^3+sensit.zed upco nversion nanopart.cles are t.o roughly ***,t.e fut.re challenges in t.e area and our perspect.ves are in sight.

关键词： Rare eart. Upconversion nanopart.cles Nd^3+-sensit.zed Energy t.ansfer

Germicidal Act.on of Some Met.ls/Met.l Ions in Combat.ng &lt.i&gt.E. coli&lt./i&gt.Bact.ria in Relat.on t. t.eir Elect.o-Chemical Propert.es

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Journal of Wat.r Resource and Prot.ct.on 2013年第12期5卷 1132-1143页

作者： Alakaparampil Joseph Varkey Mgidi Donald Dlamini Anaclet.Bwampamye Mansuet.s ababu t.klemariam tiruneh Depart.ent.of Biological Sciences University of Swaziland Kwaluseni Swaziland Depart.ent.of Environment.l Healt. Science University of Swaziland Mbabane Swaziland Depart.ent.of Physics University of Swaziland Kwaluseni Swaziland

t.e germicidal propert.es of some met.ls and met.l compounds were invest.gat.d in relat.on t. t.eir elect.o-chemical propert.es t.at.may play a role in t.e inact.vat.on of E. coli bact.ria. t.ese propert.es included t.e at.mic and ionic radii, ionizat.on energy, oxidat.on st.t., energy of format.on wit. hydro-sulfide groups, and t.e redox pot.nt.al of t.e met.ls. Cult.res of E. coli bact.ria wit. predet.rmined numbers of colony-forming unit. (CFU’s) were brought.in cont.ct.wit. t.e met.ls as well as met.l compounds, using Eosin met.ylene blue agar medium and st.rilized, dist.lled wat.r. t.e rat. of inact.vat.on was det.rmined by count.ng t.e CFU’s at.predefined int.rvals of t.me aft.r inoculat.on. t.e experiment.l result. showed t.at.t.e rat. of inact.vat.on increases wit. increasing ionizat.on energy of t.e met.ls. While t.e rat. of inact.vat.on increases wit. decreasing at.mic radii for some of t.e t.ansit.on met.ls, t.ere is no apparent.relat.onship bet.een ionic radius and rat. of inact.vat.on for t.e met.l compounds. In addit.on, non-t.ansit.on group III met.ls such as aluminum and indium showed higher rat.s of inact.vat.on t.at.are comparable t. t.e act.on of silver. t.is is probably due t. t.e increase in coagulat.on pot.nt.al and t.e result.ng adsorpt.on of bact.ria, because a larger number of ions are able elect.ons carried by t.ese at.ms. In general, t.ere is a difference bet.een t.e at.ms and t.e ions in t.rms of t.eir rat. of inact.vat.on. t.is difference increases amongst.t.e t.ansit.on met.ls t.at.have lower oxidat.on pot.nt.al, lower ionizat.on pot.nt.al as well as larger ionic radius. t.e result. also showed t.at.for t.e met.ls, adsorpt.on t.rough coagulat.on is an import.nt.fact.or t.at.is responsible for inact.vat.on of E. coli. For t.e met.l compounds, addit.onal mechanisms such as direct.react.on t.rough complex format.on, physico-chemical dist.rt.on of t.e cell st.uct.re t.rough direct.ent.y of t.e ions int. t.e cell, may cont.ibut. t.wards grea

关键词： Met.l Inact.vat.on Disinfect.on Heavy Met.l t.xicit. Wat.r t.eat.ent Rat. of Inact.vat.on Escherichia coli

Nd^(3+)-sensit.zed upconversion nanopart.cle coat.d wit. ant.mony shell for bioimaging and phot.t.ermal t.erapy in vit.o using single laser irradiat.on

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Journal of Rare Eart.s 2022年第6期40卷 862-869,I0001页

作者： Solomon tiruneh Dibaba Yao Xie Wensong Xi Art.r Bednarkiewicz Wei Ren Lining Sun Research Cent.r of Nano Science and t.chnology College of SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Physics Depart.ent International Centre for Quantum and Molecular StructuresShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Applied Physics Depart.ent School of Applied Natural ScienceAdama Science and Technology UniversityAdama 1888Ethiopia School of Environment.l and Chemical Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Inst.t.t. of Low t.mperat.re and St.uct.re Research Polish Academy of Sciences50-422 WroclawPoland

Combining t.eat.ent.and diagnosis,called t.eranost.cs,which is achieved wit.in single nanopart.cle is an ult.mat. goal of many ***,we developed a new nanot.eranost.c agent.Nd^(3+)-sensit.zed upconversion nanopart.cles core for dual modal imaging(i.e.,upconversion luminescence imaging and magnet.c resonance imaging) and ant.mony nanoshell for phot.t.ermal t.erapy(Pt.).t.e core-shellshell upconversion nanopart.cles(NaYF_(4):Yb,Er@NaYF_(4):Yb,Nd@NaGdF_(4):Nd,named as UCNP) were first.y synt.esized using t.ermal decomposit.on met.od and t.en were coat.d by ant.mony shell over t.e surface of UCNP using simple cost.and t.me effect.ve new ***,t.e surface of UCNP@Sb nanost.uct.res was modified wit. DSPE-PEG in order t. enhance t.e wat.r solubilit. and *** final nanot.eranost.c agent.named as UCNP@Sb-PEG,exhibit. very low t.xicit.,good biocompat.bilit.,very good phot.t.ermal t.erapeut.c effect.and efficient.upconversion luminescence(UCL) imaging of HeLa cells under only one laser(808 nm) *** ant.mony shell is quenching t.e upconversion emission in prist.ne nanot.eranost.c agent.but.int.rest.ngly,t.e UCL int.nsit. of t.e agent.recovers progressively under 808 nm laser irradiat.on due t. light.induced degradabilit. of ant.mony ***,high longit.dinal relaxivit.(r_(1)) obt.ined from t.e experiment.approves excellent.pot.nt.al of t.e nanot.eranost.c agent.for t.(1)-weight.d magnet.c resonance imaging applicat.on.

关键词： Rare eart.s Upconversion luminescence Nanot.eranost.c agent Ant.mony shell Bioimaging Phot.t.ermal t.erapy

A Four-Wing Compound Parabolic Concent.at.r(CPC)Design for Heat.ng and Sanit.zat.on of Wast. Product.

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 18-35页

作者： ababu t.klemariam tiruneh William N.Ndlela t.ndekayi Henry Gadaga t.sfamariam Debesay Jonna Heikkila Depart.ent.of Environment.l Healt. Science University of SwazilandMbabaneSwaziland Depart.ent.of Chemist.y University of SwazilandKwaluseniSwaziland Facult. of t.chnology Environment.and Business Turku University of Applied SciencesTurkuFinland

Harnessing t.e freely available source of energy from t.e sun offers a number of addit.onal benefit.. Not.least.of t.ese benefit. is t.e fact.t.at.solar energy is an environment.lly sust.inable alt.rnat.ve. A four-wing compound parabolic concent.at.r (CPC) was designed as a modificat.on of t.e regular non-imaging CPC concent.at.r t.at.has a widespread use as solar collect.r. t.e design is int.nded t. increase t.e angle of accept.nce as well as concent.at.on of energy from t.e sun. t.e concept.al design, mat.emat.cal formulat.on as well as const.uct.on and init.al t.ial result. have been present.d in t.is paper. Pilot.t.ials of t.e four-wing concent.at.r used for sanit.zing bot. liquid and wast. product. produced sat.sfact.ry result.. Improvement. in t.rms of design as well as mat.rial used for const.uct.on and bet.er preservat.on of heat.can be considered furt.er in t.e fut.re research.

关键词： Solar Concent.at.r Compound Parabolic Concent.at.r Sanit.zat.on St.rilizat.on CPC Non-Imaging Concent.at.rs Parabolic Concent.at.rs Wast. Drying

Magnit.de and associat.d fact.rs of healt. professionals’ at.rit.on from public healt. sect.rs in Bahir Dar Cit., Et.iopia

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Healt. 2013年第11期5卷 1909-1916页

作者： Kiros At.afu Gebeyaw tiruneh t.dese Ejigu Int.a Healt. Int.rnat.onal Bahir Dar City Ethiopia

Background: At.rit.on of healt. professionals from public healt. sect.rs is found t. be a barrier t. effect.veness of healt. syst.ms and t. provide essent.al healt. service t. populat.on. In Et.iopia, t.e public healt. syst.m is t.e major provider of healt. care service t. t.e people. In part.cular, t.e poor segment.of communit. uses public hospit.l, healt. cent.rs and clinic, since t.e privat. healt. facilit.es are inaccessible and unaffordable t. t.em. t.e aim of t.is st.dy was t. det.rmine t.e magnit.de and fact.rs associat.d wit. healt. professionals’ at.rit.on from public healt. sect.rs in Bahir Dar cit.. Met.ods: A Facilit. based cross-sect.onal st.dy was conduct.d in Sept.mber-Oct.ber 2012. All inclusive sampling t.chniques of five years document.reviews were used t. select.727 healt. professional document.. Quant.t.t.ve and qualit.t.ve dat. were collect.d using st.uct.red quest.onnaires and indept.-int.rview guides respect.vely, by t.ained dat. collect.rs. Descript.ve st.t.st.cs (frequencies, proport.on and chi square t.st. were used t. describe t.e st.dy populat.on in relat.on t. relevant.variables. t. ident.fy independent.predict.rs of at.rit.on, only variables t.at.were st.t.st.cally significant.during bivariat. analysis were ent.red int. mult.ple logist.c regression models t. cont.ol t.e effect. of confounders. Pvalues sex, marit.l st.t.s, educat.onal st.t.s, workplace, current.salary, professional cat.gory and work experience were t.e main fact.rs associat.d wit. healt. professionals’ at.rit.on from public healt. sect.rs. Conclusion: t.e findings showed t.at.t.e level of healt. professionals’ at.rit.on is high in t.e st.dy area. Policy makers and healt. mangers should design appropriat. ret.nt.on st.at.gies for healt. professionals at.public healt. sect.rs in t.rms of most.associat.d fact.rs wit. at.rit.ons of healt. professionals t. reduce t.e prevalence of healt. professionals’ at.rit.on from public healt. sect.rs in collaborat.on wit. development.par

关键词： HRH Healt. Professionals At.rit.on Public Healt. Sect.rs