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In situ frequency gating and beam splitting of vacuum- and extreme-ultraviolet pulses

Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 396-402页

作者： Rajendran Rajeev Johannes Hellwagner Anne Schumacher Inga Jordan Martin Huppert Andres Tehlar Bhargava Ram Niraghatam Denitsa Baykusheva Nan Lin aaron von conta Hans Jakob Wörner Laboratory of Physical Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Applied BiosciencesVladimir-Prelog-Weg 2ETH ZurichZurich 8093Switzerland

Monochromatization of high-harmonic sources has opened fascinating perspectives regarding time-resolved photoemission from all phases of matter.Such studies have invariably involved the use of spectral filters or spectrally dispersive optical components that are inherently lossy and technically complex.Here we present a new technique for the spectral selection of near-threshold harmonics and their spatial separation from the driving beams without any optical elements.We discover the existence of a narrow phase-matching gate resulting from the combination of the non-collinear generation geometry in an extended medium,atomic resonances and absorption.Our technique offers a filter contrast of up to 104 for the selected harmonics against the adjacent ones and offers multiple temporally synchronized beamlets in a single unified scheme.We demonstrate the selective generation of 133,80 or 56 nm femtosecond pulses from a 400-nm driver,which is specific to the target gas.These results open new pathways towards phase-sensitive multi-pulse spectroscopy in the vacuum-and extreme-ultraviolet,and frequencyselective output coupling from enhancement cavities.

关键词： beam splitting below-threshold harmonics coherent extreme-ultraviolet pulses frequency gating non-collinear generation

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Influence of Amino Acid Supplementations in Juvenile Yellow Perch Fed Plant Protein Combinations

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2019年第2期9卷 183-195页

作者： aaron J. von Eschen Michael L. Brown Kurt Rosentrater Department of Natural Resource Management South Dakota State University Brookings SD USA U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Valley City National Fish Hatchery Valley City ND USA Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA USA

Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in combination with soy protein concentrate (SPC) with and without an essential amino acid (EAA) complex were assessed as protein alternatives in juvenile Yellow Perch Perca flavescens diets. Diets contained 5% FM, 40% SPC, and 20% or 40% DDGS each with or without EAA. No mortalities or health assessment differences were observed during the trial and all fish readily accepted the experimental diets. Diets supplemented with EAA produced greater weight gain, improved feed conversion, and apparent protein digestibility. Performance was consistently improved for fish fed diets containing amino acid supplements. Based on these results, Yellow Perch are able to utilize high levels of the plant proteins, accompanied with EAAs, as a FM replacer.

关键词： Yellow Perch Fish Nutrition Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles Soy Protein Concentrate Amino Acids

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Debian GNU/Linux高级应用大全

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2002年

作者：（美）Mario Camou （美）aaron von Cowenberghe 陈河南王宏秦等译

Debian GNU/Linux是一专业的极具特色的Linux系统。本书通过重点介绍Debian GNU/Linux的核心技术与复杂功能，为GNU/Linux中、高级用户提供专家级的、完整的经验与技巧。

ISBN: (数字)7302051054/TP.2987

ISBN: (纸本)7302051054

关键词： UNIX操作系统

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Mineral Fabrication and Golgi Apparatus Activity in the Mouse Calvarium

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2014年第9期7卷 769-779页

作者： Valerie Fallon D. Howard Carter Jean E. aaron Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Leeds Leeds UK Turner Dental School University of Manchester Manchester UK

There is diverse opinion about the mechanism of bone mineralization with only intermittent reports of any direct organellar role played by the golgi apparatus (juxtanuclear body). Light and laser confocal microscopy was combined with electron microscopy and elemental EDX (energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis) in comparing “young” osteocytes in situ in fresh and “slam” frozen developing mouse calvarium, with similar cells (MC3T3-E1) maintained in vitro. The distribution of “nascent” electron dense mineral was examined histochemically (von Kossa, GBHA), including tetracycline (TC) staining as a fluorescent complex with bone salt, while golgi body activity was demonstrated by transfection with a specific green fluorescent construct (GFP/mannosidase II). In tissue culture golgi body activity and mineralization were both blocked by brefeldin A (an established golgi inhibitor) and restored by forskolin, enabling an association with mineral fabrication to be quantified as changing fluorescence intensity (AU) of GFP or TC markers. Results from osteocytes in situ supported previous descriptions of intracellular electron dense objects (microspheres and nanospheres) in a juxtanuclear pattern, containing Ca, P and transitory Si, in a spectrum recapitulated in the calcifying culture after 10 days, when GFP fluorophore surged from 71.7 ± 1.4SD to 133.7 ± 2.7SD AU by 14 days (p < 0.0001). At this stage TC fluorophore mean intensity was 23.8 ± 3.7SD AU (14 days) rising to 45.0 ± 5.1SD AU by 17 days, compared to its stationary 21.7 ± 3.6SD when treated 3 days previously with BFA golgi inhibitor (p < 0.0001), until forskolin reversal. It was concluded from the changing juxtanuclear morphology, Si mineralization mediation and the variably controlled activity versus stasis that the inorganic phase of bone is a complex golgi-directed fabrication with implications for bone matrix biology and evolution.

关键词： Bone Biomineraliization Golgi Apparatus Tetracycline Fluorochrome GFP Fluorochrome Brefeldin A/Forskolin

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