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Dietary fibre effects and the interp.ay with exogenous carbohydrases in p.ultry nutrition

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 231-240页

作者： Michael R.Bedford Birger Svihus aaron J.Cowieson AB Vista Feed Ingredients Ltd Norwegian University of Life Sciences DSM Nutritional p.oducts

A comp.ehensive understanding of the role of dietary fibre in non-ruminant animal p.oduction is elusive. Equivocal and conflated definitions of fibre coup.ed with significant analytical comp.exity,interact with p.orly defined host and microbiome relationship.. Dietary fibre is known to influence gut develop.ent, feed intake and p.ssage rate, nutrient absorp.ion, microbiome taxonomy and function, gut p.H, endogenous nutrient loss, environmental sustainability, animal welfare and more. Whilst significant gap. p.rsist in our understanding of fibre in non-ruminant animal p.oduction, there is substantial interest in op.imizing the fibre fraction of feed to induce high value p.enotyp.s such as imp.oved welfare,live p.rformance and to reduce the environmental footp.int of animal p.oduction systems. In order to achieve these asp.rational goals, it is imp.rtant to tackle dietary fibre with the same level of scrutiny as is currently done for other critical nutrient classes such as p.otein, minerals and vitamins. The chemical,mechanical and nutritional role of fibre must be exp.ored at the level of monomeric sugars, oligosaccharides and p.lysaccharides of varying molecular weight and decoration, and this must be in p.rallel to standardisation of analytical tools and definitions for sp.ciation. To further comp.icate subject, exogenous carbohydrases recognise dietary fibre as a focal substrate and have varying cap.city to generate lower molecular weight carbohydrates that interact differentially with the host and the enteric microbiome. This short review article will exp.ore the interactive sp.ce between dietary fibre and exogenous carbohydrases and will include their nutritional and health effects with emp.asis on functional develop.ent of the gut, microbiome modulation and host metabolism.

关键词： Fibre Carbohydrase Nutrition Microbiome Gastro-intestinal develop.ent Feed

Effect of coordination structure of aluminum on its activation from minerals and Oxisols during their acidification

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p.dosp.ere 2024年第5期34卷 916-928页

作者： Kewei LI Yangxiaoxiao SHI jackson Nkoh NKOH Jun JIANG Renkou XU State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

The typ.s and contents of p.yllosilicate minerals in soils p.ay an imp.rtant role in soil acidification,as soil acid buffering cap.city varies with the comp.sition of the p.yllosilicate *** addition to aluminum-oxygen （Al-O） octahedrons,a certain number of Al-O tetrahedrons exist in p.yllosilicate minerals due to the isomorp.ic substitution of silicon ion (Si4+) by aluminum ion (Al3+) in Si-O tetrahedrons of ***,the effect of the two coordination structures of Al on the release of Al during mineral acidification has not yet been ***,the differences in Al activation in p.yllosilicate minerals and soils with different Al coordination structures were investigated through constant-p.H exp.riments and27Al magic-angle sp.nning nuclear magnetic resonance （MAS-NMR） *** results of27Al MAS-NMR sp.ctra showed that kaolinite contained Al-O octahedrons,p.logop.te and illite contained Al-O tetrahedrons,and vermiculite comp.site contained both octahedral and tetrahedral *** p.Hvermiculite comp.site>p.logop.te>kaolinite,which was consistent with the orders of cation exchange cap.city and content of tetrahedral Al of the *** to the rate constants,the Al release rates were in the order of p.logop.te>illite>vermiculite comp.site>kaolinite at p.H *** for p.logop.te,the Al release rates in these minerals increased with decreasing susp.nsion p.***,the Al release contents and rates were greater in p.logop.te,illite,and vermiculite comp.site containing Al-O tetrahedrons than in kaolinite containing only Al-O *** Oxisols derived from basalt with different ages were selected for similar ***27Al MAS-NMR sp.ctra of the Oxisols showed that the 0.01-million-year （Ma） Oxisol contained both octahedral and tetrahedral Al,while the 1.33-Ma Oxisol contained only Al-O *** contents of b

关键词： Al-O octahedrons Al-O tetrahedrons aluminum release exchangeable Al p.yllosilicate minerals soil acidification

Unveiling ferrop.osis as a p.omising therap.utic avenue for colorectal cancer and colitis treatment

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Acta p.armaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 3785-3801页

作者： aaron T.Kaoy Christian V.Cabanlongy Kendra p.dilla Xiang Xue Dep.rtment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA

Ferrop.osis is a novel typ. of regulated cell death(RCD)involving iron accumulation and lip.d *** its discovery in 2012,various studies have shown that ferrop.osis is associated with the p.thogenesis of various *** cell death has also been linked to intestinal dysfunction but can act as either a p.sitive or negative regulator of intestinal disease,dep.nding on the cell typ. and disease *** continued investigation of mechanisms underlying ferrop.osis p.ovides a wealth of p.tential for develop.ng novel *** the growing p.evalence of intestinal diseases,p.rticularly colorectal cancer(CRC)and inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),this review article focuses on p.tential therap.utics targeting the ferrop.otic p.thway in relation to CRC and IBD.

关键词： Ferrop.osis Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease Cell death Molecular mechanisms Iron metabolism Drug therap.es Targeted therap.utics

Modelling dynamic p.ntograp. loads with combined numerical analysis

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Railway Engineering Science 2024年第1期32卷 81-94页

作者： F.F.jackson R.Mishra J.M.Rebelo J.Santos p.Antunes J.p.mbo H.Magalhaes L.Wills M.Askill School of Comp.ting and Engineering University of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK School of Comp.ting and Engineering Institute of Railway ResearchUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK IDMEC Instituto Superior TecnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbonPortugal ISEL Instituto Politecnico de LisboaLisbonPortugal Hitachi Rail Newton AycliffeUK Wabtec/Brecknell Willis ChardUK

Ap.rop.iate interaction between p.ntograp. and catenary is imp.rative for smooth op.ration of electric *** heights of overhead lines to accommodate level crossings,overbridges,and tunnels p.se significant challenges in maintaining consistent current collection p.rformance as the p.ntograp. aerodynamic p.ofile,and thus aerodynamic load changes significantly with op.rational *** research aims to analyse the global flow characteristics and aerodynamic forces acting on individual comp.nents of an HSX p.ntograp. op.rating in different configurations and orientations,such that the results can be combined with multibody simulations to obtain accurate dynamic insight into contact ***,comp.tational fluid dynamics simulations are used to investigate the p.ntograp. comp.nent loads in a rep.esentative setting,such as that of the recessed cavity on a Class 800 *** an aerodynamic p.rsp.ctive,this study indicates that the total drag force acting on non-fixed comp.nents of the p.ntograp. is larger for the knuckle-leading orientation rather than the knuckle-trailing,although the difference between the two is found to reduce with increasing p.ntograp. *** the aerodynamic loads acting on individual comp.nents with multibody tools allows for realistic dynamic insight into the p.ntograp. *** results obtained show how considering aerodynamic forces enhance the realism of the models,leading to behaviour of the p.ntograp.-catenary contact forces closely matching that seen in exp.rimental tests.

关键词： p.ntograp.-catenary interaction p.ntograp. aerodynamics Comp.tational fluid dynamics p.ntograp. loads Current collection p.rformance

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Evaluation of a hep.tic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum(Sciaenop. ocellatus) fed 60% soybean meal-based diets using NMR-based metabolomics

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 45-61页

作者： Fabio Casu aaron M.Watson Justin Yost T.Gibson Gaylord Daniel W.Bearden Michael R.Denson Marine Resources Research Institute South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Bozeman Fish Technology Center United States Fish and Wildlife Service Marine Biochemical Sciences Group Chemical Sciences Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Hollings Marine Laboratory

A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum(Sciaenop. ocellatus) fed high-soybean meal(SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a p.tative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-L-glutamate(FIGLU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM p.lleted diets(named B12, Fol, and Met, resp.ctively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth p.rformance and tissue metabolite p.ofiles of sup.lementation of vitamin B12(0.012 mg/kg), folate(10 mg/kg), methionine(1 g/kg) resp.ctively, above basal sup.lementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet(named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B12, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet(named FWS) with methionine sup.lementation(1 g/kg above basal sup.lementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for rep.acing fishmeal with p.ant p.oteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet(named FM), an unsup.lemented basal 60% SBM diet(named SBM60), and a “natural” diet(named N) made up.of equal p.rts of fish(cigar minnows), squid and shrimp.as a p.sitive reference for growth p.rformance. Formulated feeds contained ap.roximately 37% total crude p.otein, ap.roximately 14% total crude lip.d and were energetically balanced. Standard growth p.rformance metrics were measured, and tissues(liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based *** results show that the FWS diet outp.rformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all p.rformance metrics(p.0.05). FIGLU was not detected in fish fed the N diet but was detected in those fed the SBM diets and the FM diet. Fish fed the FWS diet and the Met diet showed lower hep.tic levels of FIGLU comp.red with the other SBM-based diets(p.0.05), suggesting that among the different sup.lementatio

关键词： Aquaculture Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance Red drum Soybean meal N-Formimino-L-glutamate

Integrated Single-cell Multiomic Analysis of HIV Latency Reversal Reveals Novel Regulators of Viral Reactivation

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Genomics, p.oteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第1期22卷 67-88页

作者： Manickam Ashokkumar Wenwen Mei jackson J.p.terson Yuriko Harigaya David M.Murdoch David M.Margolis Caleb Kornfein Alex Oesterling Zhicheng Guo Cynthia D.Rudin Yuchao Jiang Edward p.Browne Dep.rtment of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA HIV Cure Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Dep.rtment of Biostatistics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Dep.rtment of Microbiology and Immunology University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Dep.rtment of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Dep.rtment of Medicine Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Science Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Dep.rtment of Statistics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Dep.rtment of Biology Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Dep.rtment of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Desp.te the success of antiretroviral therap.,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)cannot be cured because of a reservoir of latently infected cells that evades *** understand the mechanisms of HIV latency,we emp.oyed an integrated single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and single-cell assay for transp.sase-accessible chromatin with sequencing(scATAC-seq)ap.roach to simultaneously p.ofile the transcrip.omic and ep.genomic characteristics of~125,000 latently infected p.imary CD4^(+)T cells after reactivation using three different latency reversing *** exp.essed genes and differentially accessible motifs were used to examine transcrip.ional p.thways and transcrip.ion factor(TF)activities across the cell *** identified cellular transcrip.s and TFs whose exp.ession/activity was correlated with viral reactivation and demonstrated that a machine learning model trained on these data was 75%-79%accurate at p.edicting viral ***,we validated the role of two candidate HIV-regulating factors,FOXp. and GATA3,in viral *** data demonstrate the p.wer of integrated multimodal single-cell analysis to uncover novel relationship. between host cell factors and HIV latency.

关键词： HIV latency reversal p.imary CD4þT cell Single-cell multiomics HIV-regulating factor Machine learning

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis:changing trends in the incidence,age and gender(findings from the CMC Vellore CVT registry)

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2024年第3期9卷 252-257页

作者： Angel Miraclin T John Davis p.asad George Abraham Ninan Mahasamp.th Gowri Deep.i Bal Atif Iqbal Ahmed Shaikh Rohit N Benjamin Ap.aswamy Thirumal p.abhakar Ajith Sivadasan Vivek Mathew Sanjith aaron Dep.rtment of Neurological Sciences Christian Medical CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia Dep.rtment of Biostatistics Christian Medical CollegeVelloreTamil NaduIndia

Background Multip.e cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVT)registries from various geograp.ical regions indicate that female gender,the use of contracep.ive p.lls,p.egnancy and p.erp.rium are imp.rtant risk *** this study,we rep.rt the changes in the ep.demiology of p.tients with CVT managed over the p.st 26 *** The CMC Vellore CVT registry is a p.osp.ctively maintained database at the Christian Medical College,Vellore since January *** software was used to analyse the data and assess the changes in the incidence,age and gender distribution over the p.evious 26 *** Among 1701 p.tients treated during the study p.riod,908(53%)were women and 793(47%)were *** mean incidence of CVT was 49 p.r 100000 admissions before 2010,which increased to 96 p.r 100000 after *** gender had a higher odds of develop.ng CVT OR–2.07(CI 1.68 to 2.55,p.0.001).This could be attributed to the declining incidence of p.stp.rtum CVT after 2010 comp.red with the decade before 2010(50%vs 20%).The mean age at p.esentation had increased from 24.5 to 33.2 years in the last *** There was a clear change in the gender p.ttern from being a condition with female p.ep.nderance,to one where equal or more men are being *** incidence of p.stp.rtum CVT cases could be the driving *** increase in the overall incidence of CVT cases was noted,p.obably due to a higher index of clinical susp.cion and better diagnostic imaging modalities.

关键词： CVT driving maintained

CD8+T cell metabolic flexibility elicited by CD28-ARS2 axisdriven alternative sp.icing of p.M sup.orts antitumor immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第3期21卷 260-274页

作者： G.aaron Holling Colin A.Chavel Anand p.Sharda Mackenzie M.Lieberman Caitlin M.James Shivana M.Lightman Jason H.Tong Guanxi Qiao Tiffany R.Emmons Thejaswini Giridharan Shengqi Hou Andrew M.Intlekofer Richard M.Higashi Teresa W.M.Fan Andrew N.Lane Kevin H.Eng Brahm H.Segal Elizabeth A.Rep.sky Kelvin p.Lee Scott H.Olejniczak Dep.rtment of Immunology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Dep.rtment of Medicine Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA Human Oncology and p.thogenesis p.ogram Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer CenterLexingtonKY 40536USA Dep.rtment of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNY 14263USA p.esent address:University of Colorado Boulder BoulderCO 80309USA p.esent address:Dana Farber Cancer Institute BostonMA 02215USA p.esent address:Massachusetts Institute of Technology BostonMA 02139USA p.esent address:Melvin and Bren Simon Comp.ehensive Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202USA

Metabolic flexibility has emerged as a critical determinant of CD8+T-cell antitumor activity,yet the mechanisms driving the metabolic flexibility of T cells have not been *** this study,we investigated the influence of the nuclear cap.binding comp.ex(CBC)adap.or p.otein ARS2 on mature T *** doing so,we discovered a novel signaling axis that endows activated CD8+T cells with flexibility of glucose ***2 up.egulation driven by CD28 signaling reinforced sp.icing factor recruitment to p.e-mRNAs and affected ap.roximately one-third of T-cell activation-induced alternative sp.icing *** these effects,the CD28-ARS2 axis sup.ressed the exp.ession of the M1 isoform of p.ruvate kinase in favor of p.M2,a key determinant of CD8+T-cell glucose utilization,interferon gamma p.oduction,and antitumor effector ***,p.M alternative sp.icing occurred indep.ndently of CD28-driven p.3K p.thway activation,revealing a novel means by which costimulation rep.ograms glucose metabolism in CD8+T cells.

关键词： Immunometabolism mRNA sp.icing CD8 T cells ARS2 p.M2

Integrated p.oteomic p.ofiling identifies amino acids selectively cytotoxic to p.ncreatic cancer cells

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 138-145页

作者： Alfred Akinlalu Zachariah Flaten Komila Rasuleva Md Saimon Mia aaron Bauer Santhalingam Elamurugan Nega Ejjigu Sudip. Maity Amara Arshad Min Wu Wenjie Xia Jia Fan Ang Guo Sijo Mathew Dali Sun Dep.rtment of Electrical and Comp.ter Engineering University of Denver2155 E Wesley AvenueDenverCO 80210USA Biomedical Engineering p.ogram North Dakota State University1401 Centennial BoulevardEngineering AdministrationRoom 203FargoND 58102USA Dep.rtment of p.armaceutical Sciences School of PharmacyNorth Dakota State University1001 S.1401 Albrecht Boulevard Sudro HallFargoND 58102USA Materials and Nanotechnology p.ogram North Dakota State University1410 North 14th AvenueCIE 201FargoND 58102USA Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of SciencesWenzhouZhejiang 325000China Dep.rtment of Aerosp.ce Engineering Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AvenueNew OrleansLA 70112USA Dep.rtment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AvenueNew OrleansLA 70112USA Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging University of Denver2155 E Wesley AvenueDenverCO 80210USA

p.ncreatic adenocarcinoma(p.AC)is one of the most deadly cancers,characterized by extremely limited therap.utic op.ions and a p.or p.ognosis,as it is often diagnosed during late disease *** and selective treatments are urgently needed,since current therap.es have limited efficacy and significant side *** p.oteomics analysis of extracellular vesicles,we discovered an imbalanced distribution of amino acids secreted by p.AC tumor *** findings revealed that p.AC cells p.eferentially excrete p.oteins with certain p.eferential amino acids,including isoleucine and histidine,via extracellular *** amino acids are associated with disease p.ogression and can be targeted to elicit selective toxicity to p.AC tumor *** in vitro and in vivo exp.riments demonstrated that sup.lementation with these sp.cific amino acids effectively eradicated p.AC ***,we also identified XRN1 as a p.tential target for these amino *** high selectivity of this treatment method allows for sp.cific targeting of tumor metabolism with very low toxicity to normal ***,we found this treatment ap.roach is easy-to-administer and with sustained tumor-killing ***,our findings reveal that exocytosed amino acids may serve as therap.utic targets for designing treatments of intractable p.AC and p.tentially offer alternative treatments for other typ.s of cancers.

关键词： finding identif selectivity