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Deployment of Pre-Industrial Autonomous Microbe Sensor in Saudi Arabia’s Injection Seawater System

Journal of Sensor Technology 2018年第1期8卷 1-17页

作者： Mohammed A.al-Moniee Xiangyang Zhu Rikke Markfoged aabdullah h.al-wadei Poul L.Pedersen Anders K.Tuxen Fuad I.al-Nuwaiser Lone Tang Tinna Staghoj Roesen Thomas Lundgaard Saudi Arabian Oil Company(Saudi Aramco) DhahranSaudi Arabia Danish Technological Institute(DTI) AarhusDenmark

Microbial growth in water injection systems can lead to many problems, including biofouling, water quality deterioration, injectivity loss, microbial corrosion, and reservoir formation damage. Monitoring of microbial activities is required in any mitigation strategy, enabling operators to apply and adjust countermeasures properly and in due time. In this study, the pre-industrial autonomous microbe sensor (AMS) was constructed with technical improvements from the prototype for increased sensitivity, durability, robustness, and maintainability. The pre-industrial AMS was lab validated, field proven, and deployed at critical locations of seawater injection network for automated detection of microorganisms under the Saudi Arabia’s harsh environment. An excellent correlation between AMS measurement data (fluorescence count) and actual count of microbial cell number under microscope was established (coefficient of determination, R2 > 0.99) for converting AMS fluorescence count to cell numbers (cell mL-1) in the injection seawater. The pre-industrial AMS only required monthly maintenance with solutions refill, and was able to cope with hot summer months even without protection in an air-conditioned shelter. The study team recommended wider deployment of the online AMS for real-time monitoring of bacteria numbers in the various strategic locations in Saudi Aramco’s complex seawater injection network, as an integral component of pipeline corrosion and leak mitigation program.

关键词： Automated Monitoring Autonomous Microbe Sensor Microbial Sensor DNA Staining Injection Seawater

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Facies development and sedimentology of the Middle Miocene carbonates of the Raghama Formation, northeastern Saudi Arabia

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 87-96页

作者： Mansour h.al-hashim Abdelbaset S.El-Sorogy Meshal Wadani Department of Geology and Geophysics College of ScienceKing Saud University2455Riyadh 11451Saudi Arabia

Ragahama Formation comprises a siliciclastic continental deposits followed by marine carbonates, representing prograding alluvial fans from adjacent high hinterlands seaward into lagoons and fringing reef environments. The present work aimed to document the facies development and sedimentology of the Raghama carbonates exposed along the eastern coastal plain of the Red Sea, northwestern Saudi Arabia. Four stratigraphic sections were measured and sampled(D1–D4) and thin sections and major and trace element analyses were prepared and applied for petrographic and geochemical approaches. The carbonates were subdivided into three successive fore-reef, reef-core, and back-reef depositional facies. Sandy stromatolitic boundstone, microbial laminites, dolomitic ooidal grainstone, bioclastic coralline algal wackestone, sandy bioclastic wackestone, and coral boundstones were the reported microfacies types. Petrographic analysis reveals that the studied carbonates were affected by dissolution, dolomitization, and aggrading recrystallization, which affects both the original micrite matrix and grains or acts as fracture and veinlet filling leading to widespread vuggy and moldic porosity. No evidence of physical compaction, suggesting rapid lithification and recrystallization during early diagenesis and prior to substantial burial and intensive flushing by meteoric waters. Most of the original microstructure of corals were leached and destructed. This is indicated by the higher depletion in Sr and Ca levels and increase in Mg,Na, Fe, and Mn levels, especially in section D1, in comparison with the worldwide carbonates.

关键词： Raghama Formation Miocene Diagenesis Geochemistry Saudi Arabia

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A hybrid Classification and Identification of Pneumonia Using African Buffalo Optimization and CNN from Chest X-Ray Images

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第3期138卷 2497-2517页

作者： Nasser alalwan Ahmed I.Taloba Amr Abozeid Ahmed Ibrahim alzahrani ali h.al-Bayatti Computer Science Department Community CollegeKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11437Saudi Arabia Information System Department Faculty of Computers and InformationAssiut UniversityAssiutEgypt Mathematics Department Faculty of ScienceAl-Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt Cyber Technology Institute(CTI) De Montfort UniversityLeicesterUK

An illness known as pneumonia causes inflammation in the lungs.Since there is so much information available fromvarious X-ray images,diagnosing pneumonia has typically proven challenging.To improve image quality and speed up the diagnosis of pneumonia,numerous approaches have been devised.To date,several methods have been employed to identify pneumonia.The Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)has achieved outstanding success in identifying and diagnosing diseases in the fields of medicine and radiology.however,these methods are complex,inefficient,and imprecise to analyze a big number of datasets.In this paper,a new hybrid method for the automatic classification and identification of Pneumonia from chest X-ray images is proposed.The proposed method(ABOCNN)utilized theAfrican BuffaloOptimization(ABO)algorithmto enhanceCNNperformance and accuracy.The Weinmed filter is employed for pre-processing to eliminate unwanted noises from chest X-ray images,followed by feature extraction using the Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix(GLCM)approach.Relevant features are then selected from the dataset using the ABO algorithm,and ultimately,high-performance deep learning using the CNN approach is introduced for the classification and identification of Pneumonia.Experimental results on various datasets showed that,when contrasted to other approaches,the ABO-CNN outperforms them all for the classification tasks.The proposed method exhibits superior values like 96.95%,88%,86%,and 86%for accuracy,precision,recall,and F1-score,respectively.

关键词： African buffalo optimization convolutional neural network pneumonia X-ray

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Flow Regimes in Bubble Columns with and without Internals: A Review

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 239-256页

作者： Ayat N.Mahmood Amer A.Abdulrahman Laith S.Sabri Abbas J.Sultan hasan Shakir Majdi Muthanna h.al-Dahhan Department of Chemical Engineering University of Technology-IraqBaghdadIraq Chemical and Petroleum Industries Engineering Department Al-Mustaqbal University CollegeBabylonIraq Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Missouri University of Science and TechnologyRollaUSA

hydrodynamics characterization in terms ofﬂow regime behavior is a crucial task to enhance the design of bubble column reactors and scaling up related methodologies.This review presents recent studies on the typicalﬂow regimes established in bubble columns.Some effort is also provided to introduce relevant deﬁnitions pertaining to thisﬁeld,namely,that of“void fraction”and related(local,chordal,cross-sectional and volumetric)variants.Experimental studies involving different parameters that affect design and operating conditions are also discussed in detail.In the second part of the review,the attention is shifted to cases with internals of various types(perfo-rated plates,bafﬂes,vibrating helical springs,mixers,and heat exchanger tubes)immersed in the bubble columns.It is shown that the presence of these elements has a limited inﬂuence on the global column hydrodynamics.however,they can make the homogeneousﬂow regime more stable in terms of transition gas velocity and transi-tion holdup value.The last section is used to highlight gaps which have not beenﬁlled yet and future directions of investigation.

关键词： hydrodynamics ﬂow regime bubble column heat-exchanging internals

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Constructing a small organic molecule by using the derivative of oxadiazole for photovoltaic applications

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年

作者： hUSSEIN K.MEJBEL ABDIULRSOOL h.al-TAhER FAYEZ A.NAMAh LAFY F.al-BADRY Department of Physics College of Education for Pure Science University of Thi-Qar Directorate-General for Education Dhi Qar Department of Physics College of Science University of Thi-Qar

Because of their elasticity， light weight， little cost， and wide-area applications， besides that a notable increase in power conversion efficiency （PCE）， organic solar cells have recently caught the concern of numerous researchers. In the current project， we created a variety of organic small compounds as donor materials by using Gaussian 09. Our design approach entails swapping the core part， which is benzothiadiazole （BT）， based on a derivative of oxadiazole， as the terminals on both sides of the prototype compound （RM） with a variety of fragments to improve the electronic and optic characterization and performance for PCE in organic solar cells. Careful theoretical consideration under density-functional theory DFT and time-dependent density functional theory TD-DET at the B3LYP/6-31G（d，p） basis set was made to find the maximum absorption wavelengthλmax， the efficiency of light harvesting （LhE）， excitation energy (EX)， hOMO and LOMO levels， energy band gap (Eg)， dipole moment （ρ）， the DOS， ionization potential （LP）， electron affinity （EA）， fill factor （EF）， and open circuit voltage (Voc) of molecules RM and TSstudied in a methodical manner. Calculated values revealed that proposed compounds T1-T4 can be encouraging materials for manufacturing organic solar cells as a donor tiny compound with acceptor PC61BM to predict a rise in power conversion efficiency （PCE） owing to their possession of proper values for some optical and electronic features， like the lowest hOMO level， narrower band gaps， and a greater absorption wavelength compared with the reference model RM.

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Vanillylacetone attenuates cadmium chloride-induced hippocampal damage and memory loss through upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 gene and protein expression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2750-2759页

作者： Fahaid h.A.L-hashem Salah O.Bashir Amal F.Dawood Moutasem S.Aboonq Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah Abdulaiziz M.al-Garni Mohamed D.Morsy Department of Physiology College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia Department of Basic Medical Sciences College of MedicinePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department of Physiology College of MedicineTaibah UniversityAl-Madinah Al-MunawwarahSaudi Arabia Department of Medicine College of MedicineKing Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia

Memory loss and dementia are major public h.alth concerns with a substantial economic burden.Oxidative stress has been shown to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of hippocampal damage-induced memory impairment.To investigate whether the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound vanillyla cetone(zingerone) can protect against hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2)) administration in rats,we explo red the potential involvement of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) signaling pathway,which is known to modulate oxidative stress and inflammation.Sixty h.alt hy male Wistar rats were divided into five groups:vehicle-treated(control),vanillylacetone,CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2),vanillylacetone+ CdCl_(2)+ brusatol(a selective pharmacological N rf2inhibitor) groups.Vanillylacetone effectively attenuated CdCl_(2)-induced damage in the dental gyrus of the hippocampus and improved the memory function assessed by the Morris Water Maze test.Additionally,vanillylacetone markedly decreased the hippocampal tissue levels of inflammatory biomarkers(interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,intracellular cell adhesive molecules) and apoptosis biomarkers(Bax and cleaved caspase-3).The control and CdCl_(2)-treated groups treated with va nillylacetone showed reduced generation of reactive oxygen species,decreased malondialdehyde levels,and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities,along with significant elevation of nuclear Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression in hippocampal tissue.all the protective effects of vanillylacetone we re substantially blocked by the co-administration of brusatol(a selective N rf2 inhibitor).Va nillylacetone mitigated hippocampal damage and memory loss induced by CdCl_(2),at least in part, by activating the nuclear transcription factor Nrf2.Additionally,vanillylacetone exerted its potent antioxidant and antiinflammatory actions.

关键词： hippocampus neuroprotective Nrf2 gene oxidative stress vanillylacetone

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Improving the utility of locally differentially private protocols for longitudinal and multidimensional frequency estimates

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第2期10卷 369-379页

作者： héber h.Arcolezi Jean-François Couchot Bechara al Bouna Xiaokui Xiao Inria andÉcole Polytechnique(IPP) PalaiseauFrance Femto-ST Institute Univ.Bourg.Franche-ComtéUBFCCNRSBelfortFrance TICKET Lab. Antonine University Hadat-BaabdaBaabdaLebanon School of Computing National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

This paper investigates the problem of collecting multidimensional data throughout time(i.e.,longitudinal studies)for the fundamental task of frequency estimation under Local Differential Privacy(LDP)guarantees.Contrary to frequency estimation of a single attribute,the multidimensional aspect demands particular attention to the privacy budget.Besides,when collecting user statistics longitudinally,privacy progressively degrades.Indeed,the“multiple”settings in combination(i.e.,many attributes and several collections throughout time)impose several challenges,for which this paper proposes the first solution for frequency estimates under LDP.To tackle these issues,we extend the analysis of three state-of-the-art LDP protocols(Generalized Randomized Response–GRR,Optimized Unary Encoding–OUE,and Symmetric Unary Encoding–SUE)for both longitudinal and multidimensional data collections.While the known literature uses OUE and SUE for two rounds of sanitization(a.***.a.memoization),i.e.,L-OUE and L-SUE,respectively,we analytically and experimentally show that starting with OUE and then with SUE provides higher data utility(i.e.,L-OSUE).also,for attributes with small domain sizes,we propose Longitudinal GRR(L-GRR),which provides higher utility than the other protocols based on unary encoding.Last,we also propose a new solution named Adaptive LDP for LOngitudinal and Multidimensional FREquency Estimates(alLOMFREE),which randomly samples a single attribute to be sent with the whole privacy budget and adaptively selects the optimal protocol,i.e.,either L-GRR or L-OSUE.As shown in the results,alLOMFREE consistently and considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art L-SUE and L-OUE protocols in the quality of the frequency estimates.

关键词： Local differential privacy Discrete distribution estimation Frequency estimation Multidimensional data Longitudinal studies

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Spatio-temporal coupled mode theory for nonlocal metasurfaces

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第2期13卷 267-282页

作者： Adam Overvig Sander A.Mann Andrea alù Photonics Initiative Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New YorkNew YorkNY10016USA

Diffractive nonlocal metasurfaces have recently opened a broad range of exciting developments in nanophotonics research and applications,leveraging spatially extended—yet locally patterned—resonant modes to control light with new degrees of freedom.While conventional grating responses are elegantly captured by temporal coupled mode theory,current approaches are not well equipped to capture the arbitrary spatial response observed in the nascent field of nonlocal metasurfaces.here,we introduce spatio-temporal coupled mode theory(STCMT),capable of elegantly capturing the key features of the resonant response of wavefront-shaping nonlocal metasurfaces.This framework can quantitatively guide nonlocal metasurface design while maintaining compatibility with local metasurface frameworks,making it a powerful tool to rationally design and optimize a broad class of ultrathin optical components.We validate this STCMT framework against full-wave simulations of various nonlocal metasurfaces,demonstrating that this tool offers a powerful semi-analytical framework to understand and model the physics and functionality of these devices,without the need for computationally intense full-wave simulations.We also discuss how this model may shed physical insights into nonlocal phenomena in photonics and the functionality of the resulting devices.As a relevant example,we showcase STCMT’s flexibility by applying it to study and rapidly prototype nonlocal metasurfaces that spatially shape thermal emission.

关键词： theory resonant spatially

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RoGRUT: A hybrid Deep Learning Model for Detecting Power Trapping in Smart Grids

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 3175-3192页

作者： Farah Mohammad Saad al-Ahmadi Jalal al-Muhtadi Center of Excellence in Information Assurance(CoEIA) King Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia College of Computer&Information Sciences King Saud UniversityRiyadh11543Saudi Arabia

Electricity theft is a widespread non-technical issue that has a negative impact on both power grids and electricity users.It hinders the economic growth of utility companies,poses electrical risks,and impacts the high energy costs borne by consumers.The development of smart grids is crucial for the identification of power theft since these systems create enormous amounts of data,including information on client consumption,which may be used to identify electricity theft using machine learning and deep learning techniques.Moreover,there also exist different solutions such as hardware-based solutions to detect electricity theft that may require human resources and expensive hardware.Computer-based solutions are presented in the literature to identify electricity theft but due to the dimensionality curse,class imbalance issue and improper hyper-parameter tuning of such models lead to poor performance.In this research,a hybrid deep learning model abbreviated as RoGRUT is proposed to detect electricity theft as amalicious and non-malicious activity.The key steps of the RoGRUT are data preprocessing that covers the problem of class imbalance,feature extraction and final theft detection.Different advanced-level models like RoBERTa is used to address the curse of dimensionality issue,the near miss for class imbalance,and transfer learning for classification.The effectiveness of the RoGRUTis evaluated using the dataset fromactual smartmeters.A significant number of simulations demonstrate that,when compared to its competitors,the RoGRUT achieves the best classification results.The performance evaluation of the proposed model revealed exemplary results across variousmetrics.The accuracy achieved was 88%,with precision at an impressive 86%and recall reaching 84%.The F1-Score,a measure of overall performance,stood at 85%.Furthermore,themodel exhibited a noteworthyMatthew correlation coefficient of 78%and excelled with an area under the curve of 91%.

关键词： Electricity theft smart grid RoBERTa GRU transfer learning

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Glucokinase regulatory protein rs780094 polymorphism is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and nephropathy

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 814-817页

作者： Ashraf al Madhoun Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics Dasman Diabetes InstituteDasman 15400Kuwait

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes(Relationship between GCKR gene rs780094 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes with.albuminuria).Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a chronic disorder characterized by dysregulated glucose homeostasis.The persistent elevated blood glucose level in T2DM significantly increases the risk of developing severe complications,including cardiovascular disease,re-tinopathy,neuropathy,and nephropathy.T2DM arises from a complex interplay between genetic,epigenetic,and environmental factors.Global genomic studies have identified numerous genetic variations associated with an increased risk of T2DM.Specifically,variations within the glucokinase regulatory protein(GCKR)gene have been linked to heightened susceptibility to T2DM and its associated complications.The clinical trial by Liu et al further elucidates the role of the GCKR rs780094 polymorphism in T2DM and nephropathy development.Their findings demonstrate that individuals carrying the CT or TT genotype at the GCKR rs780094 locus are at a higher risk of developing T2DM with.albuminuria compared to those with the CC genotype.These findings highlight the importance of genetic testing and risk assessment in T2DM to develop effective preventive strategies and personalized treatment plans.

关键词： Glucokinase regulatory protein rs780094 Type 2 diabetes mellitus Dyslipidemia Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Nephropathy

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