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Spatiotemporal variation and mechanisms of temperature inversion in the Bay of Bengal and the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第4期41卷 23-39页

作者： K m azam Chowdhury Wensheng Jiang Guimei Liu md Kawser Ahmed Shaila Akhter College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China KeyLab of marine Environment and Ecology of ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Department of Oceanography&International Centre for Ocean Governance(ICOG) University of DhakaDhaka 1000Bangladesh National marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing 100081China

In the northern Bay of Bengal,the existence of intense temperature inversion during winter is a widely accepted ***,occurrences of temperature inversion during other seasons and the spatial distribution within and adjacent to the Bay of Bengal are not well *** this study,a higher resolution spatiotemporal variation of temperature inversion and its mechanisms are examined with mixed layer heat and salt budget analysis utilizing long-term Argo(2004 to 2020)and RAmA(2007 to 2020)profiles data in the Bay of Bengal and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean(EEIO).Temperature inversion exists(17.5%of the total 39293 Argo and 51.6%of the 28894 RAmA profiles)throughout the year in the entire study *** shows strong seasonal variation,with the highest occurrences in winter and the lowest in *** winter inversion in the northern Bay of Bengal,two other regions with frequent temperature inversion are identified in this study for the first time:the northeastern part of the Bay of Bengal and the eastern part of the EEIO during summer and *** processes of temperature inversion for different subregions are revealed in the current *** of heat(mean~25 W/m;)below the haline-stratified shallow mixed layer leads to a relatively warmer subsurface layer along with the simultaneous cooling tendency in mixed layer,which controls more occurrence of temperature inversion in the northern Bay of Bengal throughout the *** lower cooling tendency due to net surface heat loss and higher mixed layer salinity leaves the southern part of the bay less supportive to the formation of temperature inversion than the northern *** the EEIO,slightly cooling tendency in the mixed layer along with the subduction of warm-salty Arabian Sea water beneath the cold-fresher Bay of Bengal water,and downwelling of thermocline creates a favorable environment for forming temperature inversion mainly during summer and *** isothermal layer

关键词： temperature inversion Bay of Bengal Argo and RAmA data intrusion of the Arabian Sea water eastern equatorial Indian Ocean penetrative heat below mixed layer depth

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Contributions of shortwave radiation to the formation of temperature inversions in the Bay of Bengal and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean:A modeling approach

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第9期41卷 19-37页

作者： K m azam Chowdhury Wensheng Jiang Changwei Bian Guimei Liu md Kawser Ahmed Shaila Akhter College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China Department of Oceanography&International Centre for Ocean Governance(ICOG) University of DhakaDhaka1000Bangladesh National marine Environmental Forecasting Center Beijing100081China Key Lab of marine Environment and Ecology of ministry of Education Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean multispheres and Earth System(FDOmES) Ocean University of ChinaQingdao266100China Pilot National Laboratory for marine Science and Technology(Qingdao) Qingdao266237China Bangladesh Betar Ministry of Information and BroadcastingGovernment of the People’s Republic of BangladeshDhaka1207Bangladesh

Variations in incoming shortwave radiation influence the net surface heat flux,contributing to the formation of a temperature *** effects of shortwave radiation on the temperature inversions in the Bay of Bengal and eastern equatorial Indian Ocean have never been ***,a high-resolution(horizontal resolution of 0.07°×0.07° with 50 vertical layers) Regional Ocean modeling System(ROmS) model is utilized to quantify the contributions of shortwave radiation to the temperature inversions in the study *** of the mixed layer heat and salt budgets are performed,and different model simulations are *** model results suggest that a 30% change in shortwave radiation can change approximately 3% of the temperature inversion area in the Bay of *** shortwave radiation reduces the net surface heat flux and cools the mixed layer substantially;it also reduces the evaporation rate,causing less evaporative water vapor losses from the ocean than the typical situation,and ultimately enhances haline ***,the rudimentary outcome of this research is that a decrease in shortwave radiation produces more temperature inversion in the study region,which is primarily driven by the net surface cooling and supported by the intensive haline ***,low shortwave radiation eventually intensifies the temperature inversion layer by thickening the barrier *** study could be an important reference for predicting how the Indian Ocean climate will respond to future changes in shortwave radiation.

关键词： mixed layer cooling haline stratification temperature inversion ROmS model shortwave radiation Bay of Bengal eastern equatorial Indian Ocean

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AGGREGATE SPECIAL FUNCTIONS TO APPROXImATE PERmUTING TRI-HOmOmORPHISmS AND PERmUTING TRI-DERIVATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A TRI-ADDITIVEψ-FUNCTIONAL INEQUALITY IN BANACH ALGEBRAS

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Acta mathematica Scientia 2024年第1期44卷 311-338页

作者： Safoura Rezaei ADERYANI azam AHADI Reza SAADATI Hari m.SRIVASTAVA School of mathematics Iran University of Science and TechnologyNarmakTehranIran Department of mathematics and Statistics Universtity of VictoriaVictoriaCanada Department of medical Research China Medical University HospitalChina Medical UniversityTaichung40402China Department of mathematics and Informatics Azerbaijan University71 Jeyhun Hajibeyli StreetAZ1007BakuAzerbaijan Section of mathematics International TelematicUniversity UninettunoI-00186RomeItaly

In this paper,we define a new class of control functions through aggregate special *** class of control functions help us to stabilize and approximate a tri-additiveψ-functional inequality to get a better estimation for permuting tri-homomorphisms and permuting tri-derivations in unital C*-algebras and Banach algebras by the vector-valued alternative fixed point theorem.

关键词： permuting tri-homomorphism in Banach algebra permuting tri-derivation on C*-algebra fixed point theorem Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability aggregate special functions tri-additiveψ-functional inequality

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Accretion onto the magnetically Charged Regular Black Hole

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第7期34卷 38-40页

作者： m.azam A.Aslam Division of Science and Technology University of Education Lahore 54590 Pakistan

We investigate the accretion process for static spherically symmetric geometry, i.e., magnetically charged regular black hole with isotropic fluid. W＇e obtain generalized expressions for the velocity （u（r））, speed of sound （cs2）, energy density （ρ（r）） and accretion rate （m） at the critical point near the regular black hole during the accretion process. We also plot these physical parameters against fixed values of charge, mass and different values of equation of state parameter to study the process of accretion. We find that radial velocity and energy density of the fluid remain positive and negative as well as rate of change of mass is increased and decreased for dust, stiff, quintessence fluid and phantom-like fluid, respectively.

关键词： Accretion onto the magnetically Charged Regular Black Hole

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The Stability of Some Viable Stars and Electromagnetic Field

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Chinese Physics Letters 2016年第7期33卷 25-27页

作者： m.azam S.A.mardan m.A.Rehman Division of Science and Technology University of EducationTownship Campus Department of mathematics University of the Management and Technology

We examine the impact of electromagnetic field on the stability of compact stars corresponding to embedded class one metric using the concept of cracking. For this purpose, we develop the generalized hydrostatic equi- librium equation for charged perfect fluid distribution of compact stars and perturb it by means of local density perturbation scheme to check the stability of inner matter configuration. We investigate the cracking of Her X-I, PSR 1937＋21, PSR J 1614-2230, PSR J 0348＋0432 and B.X J 1856-37. We conclude that PSR J 0348＋0432 and RX J 1856-37 exhibit cracking when charge is introduced on these astrophysical objects.

关键词： of in et it on PSR The Stability of Some Viable Stars and Electromagnetic Field for

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Stability of Quark Star models

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2016年第5期65卷 575-584页

作者： m.azam S.A.mardan m.A.Rehman Division of Science and Technology University of Education Department of mathematics University of the Management and Technology

In this paper,we investigate the stability of quark stars with four different types of inner matter configurations;isotropic,charged isotropic,anisotropic and charged anisotropic by using the concept of *** this purpose,we have applied local density perturbations technique to the hydrostatic equilibrium equation as well as on physical parameters involved in the *** conclude that quark stars become potentially unstable when inner matter configuration is changed and electromagnetic field is applied.

关键词：夸克模型稳定性电各向异性静力平衡方程各向同性扰动技术局部密度物理参数

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The response of the upper ocean to tropical cyclone Viyaru over the Bay of Bengal

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第1期38卷 61-70页

作者： mir Kashem md Kawser Ahmed Fangli Qiao m A E Akhter K m azam Chowdhury Department of Oceanography University of Dhaka First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Department of Physics Khulna University of Engineering & Technology

Better forecast of tropical cyclone(TC) can help to reduce risk and enhance management. The TC forecast depends on the scientific understanding of oceanic processes, air-sea interaction and finally, the atmospheric process. The TC Viyaru is taken as an example, which is formed at the end of 11 may 2013 and sustains up to 17 may 2013 during pre-monsoon season. Argo data are used to investigate ocean response processes by comparing pre-and post-conditions of the TC. Eight oceanic parameters including the sea surface temperature(SST), the sea surface salinity(SSS), and the barrier layer thickness(BLT), the 26°C isotherm depth in the ocean(D26), the isothermal layer depth(ILD), the mixed layer depth(mLD), the tropical cyclone heat potential(TCHP) and the effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis(EOLC) are chosen to evaluate the pre-and post-conditions of the TC along the track of Viyaru. The values of the SST, D26, BLT, TCHP and EOLC in the pre-cyclonic condition are higher than the post-cyclonic condition, while the SSS, ILD and mLD in the post-cyclonic condition are higher than the pre-cyclonic condition of the ocean due to strong cyclonic winds and subsurface upwelling. It is interesting that the strong intensity of the TC reduces less SST and vice versa. The satisfied real time Argo data is not available in the northern Bay of Bengal especially in the coastal region. A weather research and forecasting model is employed to hindcast the track of Viyaru, and the satellite data from the National Center Environmental Prediction are used to assess the hindcast.

关键词： effective oceanic layer for cyclogenesis, sea surface temperature tropical cyclone tropical cyclone heat potential tropical cyclone viyaru weather research and forecasting model

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Relativistic polytropic models of charged anisotropic compact objects

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第3期47卷 291-309页

作者： H.Nazar m.azam G.Abbas Riaz Ahmed R.Naeem Department of mathematics The Islamia University of Bahawalpur BahawalpurPakistan Department of mathematics Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahorePakistan Department of mathematics Maharishi International UniversityFairfieldIAUSA

In this paper,we introduce new viable solutions to the Einstein-maxwell field equations by incorporating the features of anisotropic matter distributions within the realm of the general theory of relativity(GR).To obtain these solutions,we employed the Finch-Skea spacetime,along with a generalized polytropic equation of state( EoS).We constructed various models of generalized polytropes by assuming different values of the polytropic index,i.e.,η=1/2,2/3,1,and ***,numerous physical characteristics of these considered models were studied via graphical analysis,and they were found to obey all the essential conditions for astrophysical compact ***,such outcomes of charged anisotropic compact star models could be reproduced in various other cases including linear,quadratic,and polytropic EoS.

关键词： general relativity exact solutions charged polytropic models anisotropy of pressure

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Efficacy of Static and Intermittent Gravity Inverted Therapy Techniques in Improvement of motor Apraxia and Cognitive Abilities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2018年第2期8卷 314-331页

作者： Ahmed m. azam Department of Physiotherapy for Developmental Disturbance and Pediatric Surgery Faculty of Physical Therapy Cairo University Giza Egypt

This work was carried out to investigate the efficacy of static and intermittent gravity inverted therapy techniques in improvement of motor apraxia and cognitive abilities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). 30 children were randomly joined in this study into two groups;Group A (sensory integration therapy approach plus static and intermittent inversion therapy techniques) and Group B (sensory integration therapy approach only). Block design test was used to locate and follow constructional apraxia, computerized information processing speed test to locate and follow cognitive processing and grooved pegboard test was used to locate and follow fine motor skills. The variance between pre- and post-treatment results was highly significant in the study group in all variables. By comparison of the two groups in constructional apraxia variables test at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favour to study groups (p mparison of the two groups in cognitive processing variable at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favour to study group (p mparison of the two groups in fine motor skills variable at post-treatment, there was a highly representative elevation in favor to study group (p mes of this study, it can be terminated that the sensory integration therapy approach plus static and intermittent inversion therapy techniques can be recommended in improvement constructional apraxia and cognitive processing abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) children.

关键词： Inversion Therapy motor Apraxia Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) Children

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Cost Effective Scheme for OLT in Next Generation Passive Optical Access Network Based on Noise Free Optical multi Carrier

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China Communications 2016年第6期13卷 76-87页

作者： Rahat Ullah Bo Liu Qi Zhang Qinghua Tian Amjad Ali Yousaf Khan Feng Tian m.azam Zia Haseeb Ahmad Lijia Zhang Xiangjun Xin State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications.Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications No.10 Xitucheng RoadBeijingChina100876 School of Electronic Engineering Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNo.10 Xitucheng RoadBeijingChina100876 Sarhad University of Science and Information technology PeshawarPakistan. Electrical Engineering Department Iqra University PeshawarPakistan. State Key laboratory of Network and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsNo.10 Xitucheng RoadBeijing100876China

We propos e a cos t-effective multi-carrier generation technique which minimizes the passive optical access network(PON) costs. In this study replacement of laser array with multi-carrier source at optical line terminal(OLT) side in PON is addressed. With 25-GHz frequency spacing, the generated optical multi-carriers exhibit good tone to noise ratio(TNR) i. e. above 20 d B, and least amplitude difference i. e. 1.5d B. At the OLT, multi-carriers signal based multiplexed differential phase shift keying(DPSK) data from all the channels each having 10 Gbps for downlink is transmitted through 25 km single mode fiber. While the transmitted information is retrieved at optical network unit(ONU), part of the downlink signal is re-modulated using intensity modulated(Im) on-off keying(OOK) for upstream transmission at 10-Gbps. Simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis, showing error free transmission in downlink and uplink with 10 Gbps symmetric data rate at each channel. The receivedpower, both for uplink and downlink transmission, is adequate for all channels at BER of 10-9 with minimum power penalties. Power budget is calculated for different splitting ratios showing excellent system margins for any unseen losses. The proposed setup provides a cost-effective way minimizing transmission losses, and providing greater system's margin in PON architecture.

关键词：多载波信号成本效益无源光接入网 OLT 无噪声差分相移键控 Gbps 光纤传输

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