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Effect of rapamycin on hepatic osteodystrophy in rats with portasystemic shunting

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2006年第28期12卷 4504-4510页

作者： Schalk W van der Merwe Maria M Conradie Robert Bond Brenda j.Olivier Elongo Fritz Martin Nieuwoudt Rhena Delport Tomas Slavik Gert Engelbrecht Del Kahn Enid G Shephard Maritha j.Kotze Nico P de Villiers Stephen hough Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology ImmunologyHepatology and GI- research laboratoryUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology University of StellenboschSouth Africa Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology1 Hepatology and GI- research laboratoryUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa Department of Hepatology and GI- research laboratory University of PretoriaSouth Africa Department of Chemical Pathology University of PretoriaSouth Africa Department of Ampath pathology PretoriaSouth Africa Department of Surgery Grootte Schuur HospitalUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa MRC Liver Research Centre Grootte Schuur HospitalUniversity of Cape TownSouth Africa Department of Genecare Molecular Genetics Christiaan Barnard Memorial HospitalCape TownSouth Africa

AIM： TO study if T-cell activation related to portasystemic shunting causes osteoclast-mediated bone loss through RANKL-dependent pathways. We also investigated if T-cell inhibition using rapamycin would protect against bone loss in rats. METHODS： Portasystemic shunting was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats and rapamycin 0.1 mg/kg was administered for 15 wk by gavage. Rats received powderized chow and supplemental feeds to prevent the effects of malnutrition on bone composition. Weight gain and growth was restored after surgery in shunted animals. At termination, biochemical parameters of bone turnover and quantitative bone histology were assessed. Markers of T-cell activation, inflammatory cytokine production, and RANKL-dependent pathways were measured. In addition, the roles of IGF-1 and hypogonadism were investigated. RESULTS： Portasystemic shunting caused low turnover osteoporosis that was RANKL independent. Bone resorbing cytokine levels, including IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα, were not increased in serum and TNFα and RANKL expression were not upregulated in PBMC. Portasystemic shunting increased the circulating CD8＋ T-cell population. Rapamycin decreased the circulating CD8＋ T-cell population, increased CD8＋ CD25＋ T-regulatory cell population and improved all parameters of bone turnover. CONCLUSION： Osteoporosis caused by portasystemic shunting may be partially ameliorated by rapamycin in the rat model of hepatic osteodystrophy.

关键词： Osteopenia Liver disease Portasystemic shunting T-lymphocyte Rapamycin

A Brief Review of the Amati Relation for GRBs

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International j.urnal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第4期6卷 378-383页

作者： Walid j. Azzam Department of Physics College of Science University of Bahrain Sakhir Kingdom of Bahrain

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most powerful explosions in the universe. Alt-hough the exact mechanism behind these explosions remains elusive, GRBs hold great promise as cosmological probes for two main reasons: they have been observed up to very high redshift (z > 9), and their gamma-ray emission is unencumbered by any intervening dust. Several GRB energy and luminosity indicators have been discovered. These indicators correlate an observable quantity, like the intrinsic peak energy, Ep,i, in the spectrum of a burst to an unobservable parameter like the equivalent isotropic energy, Eiso, or the isotropic peak luminosity, Lp,iso. This paper provides a brief review of one of these energy and luminosity indicators, the Amati relation, and discusses its potential use as a cosmological probe.

关键词： Gamma-Ray Bursts Energy Correlations Cosmological Probes

The costs of reproduction in plants cannot differ between the sexes

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j.urnal of Plant Ecology 2022年第6期15卷 1308-1311页

作者： j.remy j.Midgley Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa

This article is a commentary on Liu et al.(2021).In their recent review in this j.urnal,Liu et al.(2021)argue that sexual differences in the allocation to reproduction by male and female plants may cause sexual differences in their responses to biotic(***)and abiotic stress(*** stress).Their general argument is that the nett reproductive costs are higher for females because they not only flower but must also produce fruits/cones/seeds(their Figure 3).They suggest(their Figure 2)that females can ameliorate their higher costs of reproduction such as by maximizing resource acquisition and resource *** other previous reviews have also argued for higher female costs(Barrett and hough 2013;Barrett et al.2010;j.vany and Munné-Bosch 2015;Obeso 2002).My aims in this commentary are(i)to note that theory predicts equal sexual allocation to reproduction,(ii)to argue that some of examples cited by Liu et al.(2021)do not suggest the theory is incorrect and finally,(iii)to provide a Cape(South Africa)perspective to show that differences in allocation cannot be invoked ad hoc to explain vegetative or other differences between the *** differences between the sexes must ultimately be related to differences in sexual function,as is the case in animals,and not to differences in nett allocation to reproduction.

关键词： Figure argument finally

Image based leaf segmentation and counting in rosette plants

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2019年第2期6卷 233-246页

作者： j.Praveen Kumar S.Domnic National Institute of Technology TiruchirappalliIndia

This paper proposes an efficient method to extract the leaf region and count the number of leaves in digital plant *** plant image analysis plays a significant role in viable and productive *** is used to record the plant growth,plant yield,chlorophyll fluorescence,plant width and tallness,leaf area,*** and *** growth is a maj.r character to be analyzed among these plant characters and it directly depends on the number of leaves in the *** this paper,a new method is presented for leaf region extraction from plant images and counting the number of *** proposed method has three *** first step involves a new statistical based technique for image *** second step involves in the extraction of leaf region in plant image using a graph based *** third step involves in counting the number of leaves in the plant image by applying Circular hough Transform(CHT).The proposed work has been experimented on benchmark datasets of Leaf Segmentation Challenge(LSC).The proposed method achieves the segmentation accuracy of 95.4%and it also achieves the counting accuracy of0.7(DiC)and 2.3(|DiC|)for datasets(A1,A2 and A3),which are better than the state-of-the-art methods.

关键词： Plant image analysis Plant phenotyping Leaf region extraction Leaf count

多阅片者试验性研究:应用非线性混合千伏影像数据的肝脏双能量CT扫描降低放射剂量的可能性

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国际医学放射学杂志 2011年第3期 298-298页

作者： A.Apel j.G.Fletcher j.L.Fidler D.M.hough L.S.Guimaraes 庞国栋 Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic200 First Street SWRochesterMN 55905USA

目的确定应用曲线性混合千伏影像降低肝脏双能(DE)CT扫描剂量的可能性。材料与方法对34例临床申请采用常规CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)检查的病人,重建其多期对

关键词： X线 CT 放射剂量 X线摄影双能量扫描投照减影技术肝脏

CT图像空间降噪和迭代重建在肝脏恶性结节和肿块检出与分类中的观测性能

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国际医学放射学杂志 2015年第5期 482-482页

作者： j.G.Fletcher L.Yu Z.Li A.Manduca D.j.Blezek D.M.hough 翟晶晶 Departments of Radiology Mayo Clinic

摘要目的探讨通过适当的图像基础降噪[非局部均值算法(ANLM)]或者迭代重建[正弦图确认迭代重建(SAFIRE)]进行的低剂量CT扫描与通过滤过反投影(FBP)获得的正常剂量扫描相比,是否会降低对肝脏恶性结节和肿块检出与分类的观测性能。材料与... 详细信息

摘要目的探讨通过适当的图像基础降噪[非局部均值算法(ANLM)]或者迭代重建[正弦图确认迭代重建(SAFIRE)]进行的低剂量CT扫描与通过滤过反投影(FBP)获得的正常剂量扫描相比,是否会降低对肝脏恶性结节和肿块检出与分类的观测性能。材料与方法本研究得到机构伦理委员会的批准并且符合HIPAA。基于研究目的对医疗记录

关键词：迭代重建 FBP 降噪恶性结节肝脏肿块检出 CT

THE TRANSITION BETWEEN CHAIN AND RING STRUCTURES IN THE SYSTEM OF CaO-SrO-SiO_2-GeO_2

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1985年第4期30卷 471-474页

作者：温树林 D.A.j.FFERSON j.M.THOMAS Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Academia Sinica Department of Physical Chemistry University of Cambrdge U. K. Department of Physical Chemistry University of Cambrdge U. K.? INTRODUCTION Calcium metasilicate possesses two kinds of structures namely wollastonite and pseudowollastonite. Wollastonite has chain structure but pseudowollastonite ring structure. The transition temperature between the two is 1250°C.

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Calcium metasilicate possesses two kinds of structures, namely, wollastonite and pseudowollastonite. Wollastonite has chain structure, but pseudowollastonite ring structure. The transition temperature... 详细信息

关键词： Radius corner hough appearance powerful partially annealing 刃刀 struc figure

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重新评估新马德里地震带

世界地震译丛 2002年第3期33卷 35-40页

作者： G．Atkinson B．Bakun P.Bodin D．Boore C．Cramer A．Frankel P.Gasperini j.Gomberg T.Hanks B．Heermann S．hough A．j.hnston S．Kenner C．Langston M．Linker P.Mayne M．Petersen C．Powell W.Prescott E．Schweig P.Segall S．Stein B．Stuart M．Tuttle R．VanArsdale 米宏亮王立新李娟吴建平不详中国地震局分析预报中心

以新马德里地震带(以下简称NMSZ,图1)而知名的美国大陆中部地区,尽管远离板块边界,但却频繁发生特大地震,其发震机制一直是个未解之谜。NMSZ地区并没有大多数活动形变地区构造运动特征的显著地形起伏,但当面对该整个地区地震危险性在某... 详细信息

以新马德里地震带(以下简称NMSZ,图1)而知名的美国大陆中部地区,尽管远离板块边界,但却频繁发生特大地震,其发震机制一直是个未解之谜。NMSZ地区并没有大多数活动形变地区构造运动特征的显著地形起伏,但当面对该整个地区地震危险性在某些概率水平上可以与旧金山湾地区相比的证据时,我们多数人感到需要“拧自己一下以看看我们是否在做梦”。尽管在很多方面,评估NMSZ地区的危险性比评价美国西部地区更具挑战性,不确定性更大,但经过细致地科学研究,已经在地震危险性评估的最关键问题上达成了共识。 [这里给出的一致性看法反映了美国地质调查局和美国中部地震中心(一个由国家科学基金会资助的大学协会组织)2000年1月主办的一次讨论会上与会的二十几位科学家在会上及会后在国际互联网和专业会议上公开发表的一些看法。]

关键词：地震危险性评估新马德里大地震地震带

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Evolving mantle convection from bottom up to top down

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The Innovation 2022年第6期3卷 13-14页

作者： Ross N.Mitchell Michael Brown Thomas M.Gernon Christopher j.Spencer State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Laboratory for Crustal Petrology Department of GeologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA School of Ocean and Earth Science University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO224JRUK Department of Geological Sciences and Geological Engineering Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 2N8Canada

When it comes to convection,what goes up must come *** is it,what goes down must come up?The truth is,it *** convection must be mass-balanced,there is no reason that it must be force-balanced:the positive and negative buoyancy forces driving convection up and down,respectively,do not necessarily need to be *** balance,or imbalance,all depends on the top and bottom boundary layers.

关键词： necessarily boundary hough