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Prevalence of anal fistula in the United Kingdom

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第14期7卷 1795-1804页

作者： Suvi RK Hokkanen Naomi Boxall javaria Mona Khalid Dimitri Bennett Haridarshan Patel Real World Evidence Solutions IQVIALondon N19JYUnited Kingdom Evidence and Value Generation Global Medical AffairsTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.London WC2B 4AEUnited Kingdom Department of Epidemiology Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.CambridgeMA 02139United StatesAdjunctPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Evidence and Value Generation Global Medical AffairsTakeda Pharmaceuticals International Inc.DeerfieldIL 6001United States

BACKGROUND Anal fistula is a pathological connection between the anal canal and perianal skin, which most commonly develops from an infected anal crypt. While the majority of anal fistulas are idiopathic, they are also associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) and other inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of anal fistula is estimated to be 1-2 per 10000 patients, but population-based studies on anal fistula epidemiology are limited and outdated. AIM To assess the prevalence of anal fistula and relevant comorbidities, with and without CD in the United Kingdom and Europe. METHODS A retrospective population-representative observational cohort study was performed in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a United Kingdom primary care database. Mid-year point prevalence of anal fistula was calculated on the first of July for each year between 2014 and 2017. Estimates were calculated for anal fistula overall and by CD status and standardized to the United Kingdom and European population. Prevalence of relevant comorbidities including lymphogranuloma venereum, hidradenitis suppurativa, anal presentation of sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes mellitus, and radiation in the pelvic area was reported. RESULTS The United Kingdom-standardized overall point prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 (95%CI: 1.65-1.94) per 10000 patients in 2017, while the Europe standardized estimate was 1.83 (95%CI: 1.68-1.98) per 10000 patients. Both these standardized point prevalence estimates ranged from 1.89 to 2.36 between 2014-2016. The United Kingdom-standardized point prevalence of anal fistula without CD was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.23-1.48) per 10000 patients, while the Europe-standardized estimate was 1.39 (95%CI: 1.26-1.52) per 10000 patients. In contrast, the standardized point prevalence estimate of anal fistula with CD was lower for both United Kingdom and Europe (0.44;95%CI United Kingdom: 0.37-0.52, 95%CI Europe: 0.37-0.51) per 10000 patients in 2017. In 2017, 19% of anal fistula patients wi

关键词： Anal fistula United Kingdom Europe Crohn's disease Comorbidities Prevalence

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3D Semantic Deep Learning Networks for Leukemia Detection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第10期69卷 785-799页

作者： javaria Amin Muhammad Sharif Muhammad Almas Anjum Ayesha Siddiqa Seifedine Kadry Yunyoung Nam Mudassar Raza University of Wah Wah CanttPakistan COMSATS University Islamabad Wah CampusPakistan National University of Technology(NUTECH) IJP Road IslamabadPakistan Faculty of Applied Computing and Technology Noroff University CollegeKristiansandNorway Department of Computer Science and Engineering Soonchunhyang UniversityAsan31538Korea

White blood cells(WBCs)are a vital part of the immune system that protect the body from different types of bacteria and *** cell growth destroys the body’s immune system,and computerized methods play a vital role in detecting abnormalities at the initial *** this research,a deep learning technique is proposed for the detection of *** proposed methodology consists of three *** I uses an open neural network exchange(ONNX)and YOLOv2 to localize *** localized images are passed to Phase II,in which 3D-segmentation is performed using deeplabv3 as a base network of the pre-trained Xception *** segmented images are used in Phase III,in which features are extracted using the darknet-53 model and optimized using Bhattacharyya separately criteria to classify *** proposed methodology is validated on three publically available benchmark datasets,namely ALL-IDB1,ALL-IDB2,and LISC,in terms of different metrics,such as precision,accuracy,sensitivity,and dice *** results of the proposed method are comparable to those of recent existing methodologies,thus proving its effectiveness.

关键词： YOLOv2 darknet53 Bhattacharyya separately criteria ONNX

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Burden and outcomes for complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease:Systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第42期24卷 4821-4834页

作者： Julian Panes Walter Reinisch Ewa Rupniewska Shahnaz Khan Joan Forns javaria Mona Khalid Daniela Bojic Haridarshan Patel Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Clínic de BarcelonaIDIBAPSCIBERehdBarcelona 08036Spain Medical University of Vienna Vienna 1090Austria RTI Health Solutions Manchester M20 2LSUnited Kingdom RTI Health Solutions Research Triangle ParkNC 27709United States RTI Health Solutions Barcelona 08028Spain Takeda DeerfieldIL 60015United States

AIM To systematically review the literature on epidemiology,disease burden, and treatment outcomes for Crohn's disease(CD) patients with complex perianal *** PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane were searched for relevant articles(published 2000-November 2016) and congress abstracts(published 2011-November 2016).RESULTS Of 535 records reviewed, 62 relevant sources were identified(mostly small observational studies). The cumulative incidence of complex perianal fistulas in CD from two referral-centre studies was 12%-14%(follow-up time, 12 years in one study; not reported in the second study). Complex perianal fistulas result in greatly diminished quality of life; up to 59% of patients are at risk of faecal incontinence. Treatments include combinations of medical and surgical interventions and expanded allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. High proportions of patients experience lack of or inadequate response to treatment(failure and relapse rates,respectively: medical, 12%-73% and 0%-41%; surgical:0%-100% and 11%.20%; combined medical/surgical:0%-80% and 0%-50%; stem cells: 29%-47% and not reported). Few studies(1 of infliximab; 3 of surgical interventions)have been conducted in treatment-refractory patients, a population with high unmet needs. Limited data exist on the clinical value of anti-tumour necrosis factor-α dose escalation in patients with complex perianal fistulas in *** Complex perianal fistulas in CD pose substantial clinical and humanistic burden. There is a need for effective treatments, especially for patients refractory to antitumour necrosis factor-α agents, as evidenced by high failure and relapse rates.

关键词： Burden Complex perianal fistulas Crohn’s disease Epidemiology Outcomes Systematic literature review Treatment

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Density Estimation Using Gumbel Kernel Estimator

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Open Journal of Statistics 2021年第2期11卷 319-328页

作者： javaria Ahmad Khan Atif Akbar Department of Statistics Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

In this article, our proposed kernel estimator, named as Gumbel kernel, which broadened the class of non-negative, asymmetric kernel density estimators. Such kernel estimator can be used in nonparametric estimation of the probability density function (pdf). When the density functions have limited bounded support on [0, ∞) and they are liberated of boundary bias, always non-negative and obtain the optimal rate of convergence for the mean integrated squared error (MISE). The bias, variance and the optimal bandwidth of the proposed estimators are investigated on theoretical grounds as well as on simulation basis. Further, the applicability of the proposed estimator is compared to Weibull kernel estimator, where performance of newly proposed kernel is outstanding.

关键词： Asymmetrical Kernels Boundary Problems Density Estimation Flood Data Gumbel Kernel Estimator

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Hyperhomoysteinemia as a risk factor for coronary heart diseases in chronic hepatitis C patients

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2013年第8期3卷 499-505页

作者： Ali Raza Kazmi Andleeb Hanif Muhammad Ismail javaria Qazi Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Islamabad Pakistan Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering Islamabad Pakistan Department of Biotechnology Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan

Hepatitis C virus is one of the major health problems worldwide. It affects mainly the liver but several extrahepatic manifestations are also accounted. Chronic hepatitis C patients are at an increased risk of developing hepatic steatosis, which share many clinical features with the metabolic syndrome. Hepatic steatosis has also been associated with elevated levels of markers of inflammation such as homocysteine, identified as hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC). HHC due to Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) gene, in particular the C677T polymorphism, was recently associated with coronary heart diseases (CHD) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Homocysteine is an intermediate in methionine metabolism, which takes place mainly in the liver metabolism. Deficiencies of micronutrients (folate, vitamin B 6 and possibly vitamin B 12) along with mild hyperhomocysteinemia, perhaps, act synergistically with other classical risk factors to further increase the risk of CHD. Clinical data indicate that HHC is associated with an increased incidence of CHD as well as with the severity of the disease in CHC patients. In conclusion, HHC might be a potential aetiological factor of CHD in CHC patients. The aim of this review is to investigate the progression of coronary heart diseases in chronic hepatitis C patients and correlate with levels of homocysteine in concurrence to genetic defects and nutrient deficiencies. However, future studies need to clarify the mechanistic role of HHC in CHD and CHC as a useful paradigm with most interesting therapeutic implications.

关键词： Hepatitis C Virus Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC) Coronary Heart Diseases (CHD) Chronic Hepatitis C (CHC)

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Application of ferrous sulfate alleviates negative impact of cadmium in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

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BIOCELL 2021年第6期45卷 1631-1649页

作者： javaria AFZAL XIUKANG WANG MUHAMMAD HAMZAH SALEEM XUECHENG SUN SHAHID HUSSAIN IMRAN KHAN MUHAMMAD SHOAIB RANA SHAKEEL AHMED SAMRAH AFZAL AWAN SAJID FIAZ OMAR AZIZ KASHIF ALI KUBAR SHAFAQAT ALI CHENGXIAO HU Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Department of Soil Science Sindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam70060Pakistan College of Life Sciences Yan’an UniversityYan’an716000China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Schools of Materials Science and Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Department of Grassland Science Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Instituto de Farmacia Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdivia5110566Chile Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics The University of HaripurKhyber Pakhtunkhwa22620Pakistan Department of Soil&Environmental Sciences University of Agriculture FaisalabadSub-Campus DepalpurOkaraPakistan Faculty of Agriculture Lasbela University of AgricultureWater and Marine SciencesUthal90150Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan Department of Biological Sciences and Technology China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan

Soil contamination with toxic heavy metals[such as cadmium(Cd)]is becoming a serious global problem due to rapid development of social ***(Fe),being an important element,has been found effective in enhancing plant tolerance against biotic and abiotic *** present study investigated the extent to which different levels of Ferrous sulphate(FeSO_(4))modulated the Cd tolerance of rice(Oryza sativa L.),when maintained in artificially Cd spiked regimes.A pot experiment was conducted under controlled conditions for 146 days,by using natural soil,mixed with different levels of CdCl_(2)[0(no Cd),0.5 and 1 mg/kg]together with the exogenous application of FeSO_(4) at[0(no Fe),1.5 and 3 mg/kg]levels to monitor different growth,gaseous exchange characteristics,oxidative stress,antioxidative responses,minerals accumulation,organic acid exudation patterns of *** results depicted that addition of Cd to the soil significantly(P<0.05)decreased plant growth and biomass,gaseous exchange parameters,mineral uptake by the plants,sugars(soluble,reducing,and non-reducing sugar)and altered the ultrastructure of chloroplasts,plastoglobuli,mitochondria,and many other cellular organelles in Cd-stressed *** compared to those plants which were grown without the addition of Cd in the ***,Cd toxicity boosted the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)by increasing the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),which is the indication of oxidative stress in *** and was also manifested by hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))contents and electrolyte leakage to the membrane bounded ***,activities of various antioxidative enzymes like superoxidase dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT)and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)and non-enzymatic antioxidants like phenolics,flavonoid,ascorbic acid,anthocyanin and proline contents increased up to a Cd level of 0.5 mg/kg in the soil but were significantly diminished at the highest Cd level of 1 mg/kg in the soil compar

关键词： Antioxidants Defense mechanism Heavy metals Iron Organic acids exudation

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Effect of 0.01%atropine eyedrops on intraocular pressure in schoolchildren:a randomized clinical trial

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2022年第9期15卷 1431-1436页

作者： javaria Bukhari Shi-Fei Wei Shi-Ming Li Wen-Zai An Jia-Ling Du Xin-Tong Liang Jia-He Gan Jia-Xin Tian Wei-Ling Bai Zhi-Ning Cai Lei Yin Ning-Li Wang Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology Beijing Tongren EyeCenterBeijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBejing Ophthalmology&Visual Sciences Key LaboratoryBeijing 100730China Capital Medical University Bejing 100069China Department of Ophthalmology Zhengzhou First People's HospitalZhengzhou 45004Henan ProvinceChina

·AIM:To assess the effect of 0.01%atropine eye drops on intraocular pressure(IOP)in myopic children.·METHODS:A placebo-controlled,double-masked,randomized *** 220 children aged 6 to 12 y with myopia ranging from-1.00 to-6.00 D in both eyes were *** were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either 0.01%atropine eye drops or a placebo group using generated random *** participants underwent the examination of IOP and cycloplegic refraction at baseline,6 and 12 *** change of IOP and the proportion of subjects with increased IOP in atropine and placebo groups were compared.·RESULTS:Of 220 children,117 were boys(53.2%).A total of 159(72.3%)participants completed the follow-up at the 1-year *** baseline,the mean IOP was 15.74 mm Hg(95%CI,15.13 to 16.34 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and 15.59 mm Hg(95%CI,15.00 to 16.19 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.14 mm Hg;P=0.743)after adjusting for central corneal thickness at *** one year follow-up,the mean change of IOP was 0.16 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.43 to 0.76 mm Hg)for the 0.01%atropine group and-0.11 mm Hg(95%CI,-0.71 to 0.50 mm Hg)for placebo group(mean difference,0.27 mm Hg;P=0.525)after adjusting for central corneal *** 51.4%of children have increased IOP in the 0.01%atropine group,compared with 45.9%in the placebo group(P=0.511).·CONCLUSION:The 0.01%atropine eye drops do not significantly affect the risk of elevated *** is relatively safer to use in the studies that try to minimize myopia ***,a further long-duration study is required to be validated.

关键词： intraocular pressure 0.01%atropine eye drops myopic children

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Genome-wide development and utilization of Simple Sequence Repeats in Chinese cabbage(Brassica rapa ***)

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Vegetable Research 2022年第1期2卷 81-87页

作者： Ying Gao Na Li Xiaoguang Li Yin Lu Daling Feng Xiaomeng Zhang Aixia Gu Yunjia Ge javaria Tabusam Mengyang Liu Yanhua Wang Xueping Chen Shuxing Shen Shuangxia Luo Jianjun Zhao State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of HebeiCollaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in HebeiCollege of HorticultureHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071000China Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Xindu District XingtaiHebei 054001China Institute of Forestry and Fruits Xingtai Academy of Agricultural SciencesXingtaiHebei 054000China

With the complementation of whole-genome sequencing of Chinese cabbage,it is necessary to develop genome-wide Simple Sequence Repeat(SSR)markers and analyse their characteristics,which will bring a revolution in the molecular marker-assisted breeding of Chinese *** this study distribution and characteristics of SSR loci in the genome of Chinese cabbage'Chiifu'was ***,a total of 173,892 SSR markers that occurred in 10 chromosomes were identified,and Perfect Repeat Motifs(P type)which is a main form of SSR loci with a mean distance of 1.89 kb/SSR was *** them,mono-,di-,and tri-nucleotide repeat motifs were equally distributed across chromosomes compared with tetra-,penta-,and hexa-nucleotide repeat *** largest proportion of SSR loci consisted of mono-and dinucleotide repeat motifs,which accounted for 93.04%of the total SSR loci.A/T and AT/TA were the most abundant motifs,accounting for 97.61%and 64.05%of the mono-and dinucleotide repeats,***,200 SSR markers were used for the amplification of 12 Chinese cabbage germplasm,in which 30 were highly *** SSR markers were further used for the association analyses of flowering time of 190 Chinese cabbage *** results revealed that 9 and 10 alleles were associated with bolting and flowering time,*** results show that development of SSR markers is feasible and useful in marker assisted selection of Chinese cabbage.

关键词： breeding Sequence characteristics

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