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The Effects of Zinc Sulfate on the in Vitro digestibility of Feeds in Cervids

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 157-167页

作者： Reese J. Thibodeaux Philip m. Urso stanley.F. Kelley marcy m. Beverly Chris R. Stewart Ian C. dunn Gentech diagnostics Dallas Texas USA department of Animal Science South Dakota State University Brookings South Dakota USA School of Agricultural Sciences Sam Houston State University Huntsville Texas USA 3-S Texas Outdoors/3-S Whitetails Bedias Texas USA

The captive white-tailed deer industry has an estimated impact of 1.6 billion USd in the state of Texas alone. However, nutritional requirements for cervids are determined through research based on sheep and goats. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of zinc on differences in dry matter digestibility in vitro for white-tailed does (Odocoileus virginianus). deer (n = 2) were ethically harvested, rumens were collected, and placed into a cooler containing warm water. Rumen contents were agitated, and fluid was filtered using cheese cloth while applying CO2. Fluid was placed into four separate incubator jars with filter bags containing a 1:1 alfalfa to coastal hay blend. Zinc doses of 0.073 mg/kg/d equivalents were added to two of the jars ( Zn), and the additional two jars received 0.00 mg/kg/d (CON). Following 48 h of incubation, in vitro true digestibility (IVTd) showed no significant differences between the control and the treatment groups. Average dry matter digested in vitro was 91.87% and 95.13%, respectively. There were no differences detected in AdF, NdF, IVTd, or Om between the treatment groups. While no detectable differences were observed in this study, this methodology did prove to be viable and functional for microbial digestion in vitro. This study can be replicated with multiple experimental units to confirm the observations of increased digestibility. Formal nutritional guidelines can be created to allow for more efficient feeding of cervids thereby reducing feed costs and continuing the growth of the captive deer industry.

关键词： Zinc IVdmd In Vitro Cervids

Paleoecological Response of Corals to the End-Triassic mass Extinction： An Integrational Analysis

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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第4期29卷 879-885页

作者： George d stanley.Jr Hannah m E Shepherd Autumn J Robinson University of montana Paleontology Center Missoula MT 59812 USA

The end-Triassic （also Triassic-Jurassic） mass extinction severely affected life on planet Earth 200 million years ago. Paleoclimate change triggered by the volcanic eruptions of the Central Atlantic magmatic Province （CAmP） caused a great loss of marine biodiversity, among which 96% coral genera were get lost. However, there is precious little detail on the paleoecology and growth forms lost between the latest Triassic extinction and the Early Jurassic recovery. Here a new pilot study was conducted by analyzing corallite integration levels among corals from the latest Triassic and Early Jurassic times. Integration levels in corals from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic were determined through both the Paleobiology database as well as from a comprehensive museum collection of fossil corals. Results suggest that in addition to a major loss of diversity following the end-Triassic mass extinction, there also was a significant loss of highly integrated corals as clearly evidenced by the coral data from the Early Jurassic. This confirms our hypothesis of paleoecological selectivity for corals following the end-Triassic mass extinction. This study highlights the importance of assigning sim- ple to advanced paleoecological characters with integration levels, which opens a useful approach to understanding of mass extinction and the dynamics of the recovery.

关键词： coral loss integration level end-Triassic mass extinction paleoecology

A robust behavior of Feed Forward Back propagation algorithm of Artificial Neural Networks in the application of vertical electrical sounding data inversion

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第5期3卷 729-736页

作者： Y.Srinivas A.stanley.Raj d.Hudson Oliver d.muthuraj N.Chandrasekar Centre for Geotechnology Manonmaniam Sundaranar UniversityTirunelveliTamil Nadu-627012India m.d.T.Hindu college TirunelveliTamil NaduIndia

The applications of intelligent techniques have increased exponentially in recent days to study most of the non-linear parameters. In particular, the behavior of earth resembles the non- linearity applications. An efficient tool is needed for the interpretation of geophysical parameters to study the subsurface of the earth. Artificial Neural Networks （ANN） perform certain tasks if the structure of the network is m.d.fied accordingly for the purpose it has been used. The three most robust networks were taken and comparatively analyzed for their performance to choose the appropriate network. The single- layer feed-forward neural network with the back propagation algorithm is chosen as one of the well- suited networks after comparing the results. Initially, certain synthetic data sets of all three-layer curves have been taken tk^r training the network, and the network is validated by the field datasets collected from Tuticorin Coastal Region （78°7＇30＂E and 8°48＇45＂N）, Tamil Nadu, India. The interpretation has been done successfully using the corresponding learning algorithm in the present study. With proper training of back propagation networks, it tends to give the resistivity and thickness of the subsurface layer m.d.l of the field resistivity data concerning the synthetic data trained earlier in the appropriate network. The network is trained with more Vertical Electrical Sounding （VES） data, and this trained network is demon- strated by the field data. Groundwater table depth also has been m.d.led.

关键词： Artificial neural networks(ANN) Resistivity inversion coastal aquifer parameters Layer m.d.l

Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8638-8646页

作者： Peter L moses Khalid m AlNaamani Alan N Barkun Stuart R Gordon Roger d mitty m stanley.Branch Thomas E Kowalski myriam martel Viviane Adam division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Vermont division of Gastroenterology McGill University Health Center mcGill University department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Occupational Health McGill University Health Center division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon division of Gastroenterology Tufts University School of Medicine Boston division of Gastroenterology Duke University Medical Center Durham division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital

AIm:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEmS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary ***:multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEmS)or a 10 French *** patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university *** endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 *** analyses were perform.d.for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression m.d.ls to determine significant predictive ***:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEmS group and 83patients were available for *** to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEmS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=*** to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEmS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of *** an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were ***:Partially covered SEmS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life.

关键词： Randomized Biliary Obstruction Stent Plastic metal Palliative Common bile duct

Propagation of Low Temperature-Adapted Hepatitis A Virus in BSC-1 Cell Culture

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中国医科大学学报 1989年第S2期18卷 54-59页

作者：王兆荃 stanley.m Lemon Infectious disease Research Unit The Third Affiliated Hospital China Medical University division of Infectious diseases University of North Carolina USA.

Hepatitis A virus, Hm-175 strain, adapted to low temperature was cultivated in BSC-1 cell *** of the virus was detected by radioimmunoassay(RIA), radioimmunofocus assay (RIFA) and dot blot hybridization. The results showed that, of the 7 low temperature-adapted(LTA) strains studied, strain E, F and d gave the highest titer in BSC-1 cell culture. This culture system was proved to be suitable for the study of the characteristic of temperature mutants of HAV.

关键词： titer Replication adapted cultivated supernatant supplemented enterovirus instead labeled elevated

Growth Inhibition Occurs Independently of Cell mortality in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Exposed to High Cadmium Concentrations

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第3期50卷 300-310页

作者： Christine delpre stanley.Lutts Unitde Biologie vgtale Universitcatholique de Louvain5(Bte 13) Place Croix du Sud1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Unitde Biologie vgtale Universit catholique de Louvain5(Bte 13) Place Croix du Sud1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium

In order to analyze the adaptation potential of tomato shoots to a sudden increase in Cd concentration, tomato plants （Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Ailsa Craig） were exposed under controlled environmental conditions to a high dose of this heavy metal （250 μm CdCl2） in nutrient solution for 7 and 14d. Both root and shoot growth was completely inhibited but all plants remained alive until the end of the treatment. Cell viability remained unaffected but the activity of the mitochondrial alternative pathway was stimulated by Cd stress at the expense of the cytochrome pathway. Cadmium concentration was higher in roots than in shoots and a decrease in the rate of net Cd translocation was noticed during the second week of stress. Cadmium.d.creased both leaf conductance （gl） and chlorophyll concentration. However, the effect on net CO2 assimilation remained limited and soluble sugars accumulated in leaves. Photochemical efficiency of PSII （FvlFm） was not affected despite a decrease in the number of reaction centers and an inhibition of electron transfer to acceptors of PSII. It is concluded that tomato shoot may sustain short term exposure to high doses of cadmium.d.spite growth inhibition. This property implies several physiological strategies linked to both avoidance and tolerance mechanisms.

关键词： cadmium chlorophyll fluorescence growth heavy metal toxicity Lycopersicon esculentum tomato

Predicting the outcome of closed-loop small bowel obstruction by preoperative characteristics

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2022年第6期14卷 556-566页

作者： masja K Toneman Bente m.d. Kok Frank m Zijta stanley.Oei Gijs J d van Acker marinke Westerterp Anne E m van der Pool department of Surgery Haaglanden Medical CentreThe Hague 2512 VANetherlands department of Radiology Haaglanden Medical CentreThe Hague 2512 VANetherlands

BACKGROUNd Closed-loop small bowel obstruction(CL-SBO)can threaten the viability of the intestine by obstructing a bowel segment at two adjacent *** recognition and surgery are *** To analyze the outcomes of patients who underwent surgery for CL-SBO and to evaluate clinical *** Patients who underwent surgery for suspected CL-BSO on computed tomography(CT)at a single center between 2013 and 2019 were evaluated *** were divided into three groups by perioperative outcome,including viable bowel,reversible ischemia,and irreversible *** and laboratorial variables at presentation were compared and postoperative outcomes were *** Of 148 patients with CL-SBO,28(19%)had a perioperative viable small bowel,86(58%)had reversible ischemia,and 34(23%)had irreversible *** with a higher age had higher risk for perioperative irreversible ischemia[odds ratio(OR):1.03,95%confidence interval(CI):0.99-1.06].Patients with American Society of Anaesthesiologists(ASA)classification≥3 had higher risk of perioperative irreversible ischemia compared to lower ASA classifications(OR:3.76,95%CI:1.31-10.81).Eighty-six patients(58%)did not have elevated C-reactive protein(>10 mg/L),and between-group differences were *** in-hospital stay was significantly longer for patients with irreversible ischemia(m.d.an 8 d,P=0.001)than for those with reversible ischemia(m.d.an 6 d)or a viable bowel(m.d.an 5 d).Postoperative morbidity was significantly higher in patients with perioperative irreversible ischemia(45%,P=0.043)compared with reversible ischemia(20%)and viable bowel(4%).CONCLUSION Older patients or those with higher ASA classification had an increased risk of irreversible ischemia in case of *** irreversible ischemia,postoperative morbidity was increased.

关键词： General surgery Laparoscopy Laparotomy Critical care Intestinal obstruction morbidity

Effect of age on aortic atherosclerosis

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2013年第2期10卷 135-140页

作者： michael A. Chen miwa Kawakubo Patrick m. Colletti dongxiang Xu Laurie LaBree dustin Robert detrano stanley.P Azen Nathan d. Wong Xue-Qiao Zhao department of m.d.cine Division of Cardiology Harborview Medical Center/University of Washington 325 9th Avenue Box 359748 Seattle WA 98104 USA department of Preventive m.d.cine Division of Biostatistics Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California 2001 N Soto Street SSB 201A M/C 9234 Los Angeles CA 90089-9237 USA department of Radiology Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California1 1500 San Pablo Street Second Floor Imaging Los Angeles CA 90033 USA department of Radiology University of Washington School of Medicine Box 357115 1959 Pacific Street RR-215 Seattle WA 98195-7117 USA department of Radiological Sciences University of California Irvine School of Medicine 101 the City Drive South Route 140 Orange CA 92868 USA department of m.d.cine UC Irvine School of Medicine 333 City Blvd. West Suite 400 Orange CA 92868-3298 USA

Objective To examine the association of atherosclerosis burden in the survivors of an asymptomatic elderly cohort study and its relationship to other coronary risk factors (specifically, age) by evaluating aortic atherosclerotic wall burden by magnetic resonance imaging (mRI). methods A total of 312 participants in an ongoing observational cohort study underwent cardiac and descending thoracic aorta imaging by mRI. maximum wall thickness was measured and the mean wall thickness ***/outer wall ratio was used as a normalized wall index (NWI) adjusted for artery size difference among participants. Percent wall volume (PWV) was calculated as NWI ×*** In this asymptomatic cohort (mean age: 76 years), the mean (Sd) aortic wall area andwall thicknesswere 222 ±45 mm2 and 2.7 ±0.4 mm, respectively. maximum wall thickness was 3.4 ±0.6 mm, and PWV was 32% ±4%. Women appeared to have smaller wall area,but after correcting for their smaller artery size, had significantly higher PWV than men (P = 0.03). Older age was associatedwith larger wall area (P = 0.04 for trend) with similar PWVs. However, there were no statistically significant associations between standard risk factors,Framingham global risk, or metabolic syndrome status, therapy for cholesterol or hypertension, coronary or aortic calcium score, and the aortic wall burden. Aortic calcificationwas associated with coronary calcification. Conclusions Asymptomatic elderly in this cohort had a greater descending thoracic aortic wall volume that correlated with age, andwomen had a significantly increased PWV compared to men. In these survivors, the atherosclerotic aortic wall burden was not significantly associated with traditional risk factors or with coronary or aortic calcium scores or coronary calcium progression. Results suggest that age, or as yet unidentified risk factor(s), may be responsible for the increase in atherosclerosis.

关键词： Aging Aortic atherosclerosis Atherosclerotic risk factors magnetic resonance imaging

Performance of motorized Borehole Systems for Residential Potable Water Supplies in Zaria,Nigeria

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Performance of Motorized Borehole Systems for Residential Po...