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Smelling fit： scent marking exposes parasitic infection status in the banded mongoose

Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 237-247页

作者： Jessica mitchell Michael A. CANT Emma I.K. VITIKAINEN Hazel J. NICHOLS School of Natural Sciences and Psychology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool L3 AF UK Centrefor Ecology and Conservation University of Exeter Penryn Campus TRIO 9FE UK

Preference for uninfected mates is presumed beneficial as it minimizes one＇s risk of contracting an infection and infecting one＇s offspring. In avian systems, visual ornaments are often used to indi- cate parasite burdens and facilitate mate choice. However, in mammals, olfactory cues have been proposed to act as a mechanism allowing potential mates to be discriminated by infection status. The effect of infection upon mammalian mate choice is mainly studied in captive rodents where ex- perimental trials support preference for the odors of uninfected mates and some data suggest scent marking is reduced in individuals with high infection burdens. Nevertheless, whether such effects occur in nonmodel and wild systems remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the interplay between parasite load （estimated using fecal egg counts） and scent marking behavior in a wild population of banded mongooses Mungos mungo. Focusing on a costly protozoan parasite of the genus Isospora and the nematode worm Toxocara, we first show that banded mongooses that engage in frequent, intensive scent marking have lower Isospora loads, suggesting marking behavior may be an indicator trait regarding infection status. We then use odor presentations to demonstrate that banded mongooses mark less in response to odors of opposite sexed individuals with high Isospora and Toxocara loads. As both of these parasites are known to have detrimental effects upon the health of preweaned young in other species, they would appear key targets to avoid during mate choice. Results provide support for scent as an important ornament and mechanism for advertising parasitic infection within wild mammals.

关键词： Isospora olfaction parasite scent scent preferences Toxocara.

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The Impact of Sleep-Wake Behaviour on Tennis Match Performance in Junior State Grade Tennis Players

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第2期5卷 156-166页

作者： mitchell Turner Philipp Beranek Ian C.Dunican Travis Cruickshank School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan University270 Joondalup DrivePerthWA 6027Australia Centre for Sleep Science School of Human SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009Australia Centre for Precision Health School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityPerthAustralia Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Sciences PerthAustralia

Purpose To date,no study has investigated the extent to which sleep-wake behaviour(SWB)influences match performance in junior tennis *** study aimed to assess the influence of SWB for the week and night before on match performance,particularly match analytics and *** This study recruited 10 junior state grade tennis players who wore an actigraphy device and completed a sleep diary for the week before their match on two separate occasions throughout their competition *** wore a global positioning system device to track their movement during matches,and an experienced tennis coach recorded players'match *** This study showed that the sleep fragmentation index was significantly lower the week before matches in females who had won than those who had ***,the sleep fragmentation index was significantly lower the night before a given match than the week *** sleep fragmentation index and sleep latency significantly influenced match performance in junior tennis *** percentage of second serves points won differed between match wins and losses for male players,while winners and forced errors differed for female *** These findings provide a detailed profile of tennis match play in junior state grade *** individual differences,reduced restlessness the night before a match coincides with increased match performance.

关键词： Sleep fragmentation Tennis analytics Global positioning system Sleep quality Sleep duration

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Endovascular thrombectomy for stroke: current best practice and future goals

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2016年第1期1卷 16-22页

作者： Bruce C V Campbell Geoffrey A Donnan Peter J mitchell Stephen M Davis Department of Medicine and Neurology Melbourne Brain Centre at the Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia Department of Radiology Royal Melbourne HospitalUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia

Endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel ischaemic stroke substantially reduces disability,with recent positive randomised trials leading to guideline changes *** review discusses in detail the evidence provided by recent randomised trials and metaanalyses,the remaining areas of uncertainty and the future directions for *** data from existing trials have demonstrated the robust benefit of endovascular thrombectomy for internal carotid and proximal middle cerebral artery *** remains for more distal occlusions where the efficacy of alteplase is greater,less tissue is at risk and the safety of endovascular procedures is less *** artery occlusion was excluded from the trials,but with a dire natural history and proof of principle that rapid reperfusion is effective,it seems reasonable to continue treating these patients pending ongoing trial *** has been no evidence of heterogeneity in treatment effect in clinically defined subgroups by age,indeed,those aged>80 years have at least as great an overall reduction in disability and reduced *** there was no heterogeneity across the range of baseline stroke severities included in the *** that routine use of general anaesthesia reduces the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy is increasing and conscious sedation is generally preferred unless severe agitation or airway compromise is *** impact of time delays has become clearer with description of onset to imaging and imaging to reperfusion *** in the onset to imaging reduce the proportion of patients with salvageable brain ***,in the presence of favourable imaging,rapid treatment appears beneficial regardless of the onset to imaging time *** to reperfusion delays lead to decay in the clinical benefit achieved,particularly in those with less robust collateral *** brain imaging options to assess prognosis have various advantages and disadvan

关键词： routine epoch benefit

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Mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in ovarian cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第2期5卷 304-316页

作者： Mylena Ortiz Emma Wabel Kerry mitchell Sachi Horibata Precision Health Program Michigan State University766 Service RoadEast LansingMI 48824USA. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology College of Human MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecologic *** standard therapy for ovarian cancer has been the same for the past two decades,a combination treatment of platinum with ***,the FDA approved three new therapeutic drugs,two poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitors(olaparib and niraparib)and one vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitor(bevacizumab)as maintenance therapies for ovarian *** this review,we summarize the resistance mechanisms for conventional platinum-based chemotherapy and for the newly FDA-approved drugs.

关键词： Drug resistance ovarian cancer cisplatin carboplatin paclitaxel olaparib niraparib bevacizumab

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Echocardiography 2nd Ed

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丛书名： Oxford medical publications

2012年

作者： Leeson, Paul mitchell, Andrew Becher, Harald Augustine, Danie

In full color throughout, the text is illustrated with over 300 images. It also includes reference ranges to help with reporting and accreditation exam preparation, and remains the essential reference for trainees und... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9780191740848

ISBN: (纸本)9780199591794

关键词： cardiology handbooks specialist oxford echocardiography

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Evolving Values and How They Have Shaped the United States National Park System

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Built Heritage 2018年第3期2卷 27-38页

作者： Cari Goetcheus Nora J.mitchell Brenda Barrett College of Environment and Design University of GeorgiaAthensUnited States Historic Preservation Program History DepartmentUniversity of VermontWoodstockUnited States Living Landscape Observer HarrisburgUnited States

As one of the oldest and best-known park systems,the US National Park System continues to influence park systems around the ***,the origins and wide diversity of US national parks are often not fully understood as there is a long-lived misconception that the large western parks represent the entirety of the US National Park *** fact,the establishment of the first US national parks was heavily influenced by large 19th-century picturesque urban parks that provided benefits to the public and *** foundational concept of national parks serving a public purpose has never changed,however,the types of landscapes selected as national parks have changed as societal values have evolved and now the system provides public benefits beyond those originally *** paper examines the development of the US National Park System,emphasising the evolution of landscape *** emergence of the cultural landscape concept illustrates the evolution of landscape values from their early antecedents in the late 19th century to their contributions to innovative conservation strategies *** the development of the US National Park System,international exchange has and continues to play a pivotal role,advancing the inter-linkages of culture and nature for the most effective conservation.

关键词： US National Park Service US National Park System cultural landscape landscape values interlinkages of culture-nature

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A new inclination-based method to evaluate the global geomagnetic configuration and axial dipole moment

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第4期6卷 359-365页

作者： KaiHua Xu Fei He Yong Wei Ross N.mitchell Si Chen YuQi Wang ZhaoJin Rong Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Earth and Environment University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

The strength and configuration of the geomagnetic field control the average shape of the *** pure dipole assumption and the virtual dipole moment(VDM),determined by individual records,have been widely adopted to evaluate the strength of the geomagnetic field in geological ***,such an assumption might not be valid during geomagnetic transitions,such as reversals and *** traditional spherical harmonic modeling of the geomagnetic field could be difficult to implement because accurate global records are ***,we report that an empirical relationship exists between the ratio of the VDM to the true axial dipole moment(VDM/ADM)and the ratio of the power of the axial dipole to that of the non-axial dipole(AD/NAD)based on a new method utilizing globally distributed inclination *** root mean square global deviation of inclination(RMSΔI)to the standard inclination distribution of the AD was fitted to the AD/NAD with a cubic polynomial by utilizing a large number of geodynamo *** with geomagnetic field models showed that the AD/NAD derived from the RMSΔI agreed well with that calculated by using the Gauss coefficients,and the estimated ADM was consistent with the true ***,the application of volcanic records during the Laschamp excursion showed the VDM might overestimate the ADM by a factor of *** new method will be useful in future studies that characterize the configuration of the geomagnetic field and the strength of the axial dipole.

关键词： axial dipole magnetic inclination virtual dipole moment

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Coupling virio-and bacterioplankton populations with environmental variable changes in the Bohai Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第6期39卷 72-83页

作者： Caixia Wang Lin Wu Yibo Wang James S.Paterson James G.mitchell Xiaoke Hu Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesYantai 264003China Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Ocean School Yantai UniversityYantai 264003China College of Science and Engineering Flinders UniversityAdelaideSA 5001Australia

Uncovering the role of environmental factors and finding critical factors which harbor significant fractions in governing microbial communities remain key questions in coastal marine *** detect the interactions between environmental factors and distributions of virio-and bacterioplankton in trophic coastal areas,we used flow cytometry to investigate the abundance of virio-and bacterioplankton covering 31 stations in the Bohai Sea of *** results suggested that the average abundance of total virus(TV)in winter(~2.29×108 particles/mL)was slightly lower than in summer(~3.83×108 particles/mL).The mean total bacterial abundance(TB)was much lower in winter(~2.54×107 particles/mL)than in summer(~5.43×107 particles/mL).Correlation analysis via redundancy analysis(RDA)and network analysis among virioplankton,bacterioplankton and environmental factors revealed that the abundances of viral and bacterial subpopulations depend on environmental *** winter,only temperature significantly influenced the abundances of virio-and *** summer,in addition to temperature,both salinity and nutrient(SiO2)had a remarkable impact on the distribution of virioand *** results showed a clear seasonal and trophic pattern throughout the whole water system,which revealed that temperature and eutrophication may play crucial roles in microbial distribution pattern.

关键词： virioplankton bacterioplankton flow cytometry network Bohai Sea

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Socio-cultural determinants of timely and delayed treatment of Buruli ulcer: implications for disease control

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 48-60页

作者： Mercy M Ackumey Margaret Gyapong Matilda Pappoe Cynthia Kwakye Maclean mitchell G Weiss School of Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of GhanaAccraGhana Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute BaselSwitzerland University of Basel BaselSwitzerland Dodowa Health Research Centre Ghana Health ServiceDodowaGhana Amasaman Hospital Ghana Health ServiceAccraGhana

Introduction:Public health programmes recommend timely medical treatment for Buruli ulcer(BU)infection to prevent pre-ulcer conditions from progressing to ulcers,to minimise surgery,disabilities and the socio-economic impact of *** the role of socio-cultural determinants of timely medical treatment may assist in guiding public health programmes to improve treatment *** study clarified the role of socio-cultural determinants and health system factors affecting timely medical treatment for BU in an endemic area in ***:A semi-structured explanatory model interview based on the explanatory model interview catalogue(EMIC)was administered to 178 BU-affected *** on research evidence,respondents were classified as timely treatment(use of medical treatment 3 months from awareness of disease)and delayed treatment(medical treatment 3 months after onset of disease and failure to use medical treatment).The outcome variable,timely treatment was analysed with cultural epidemiological variables for categories of distress,perceived causes of BU,outside-help and reasons for medical treatment in logistic regression *** median time for the onset of symptoms to treatment was computed in *** phenomenological analysis of respondents’narratives clarified the meaning,context and dynamic features of the relationship of explanatory variables with timely medical ***:The median time for initiating treatment was 25 days for pre-ulcers,and 204 days for *** loss and use of herbalists showed significantly negative associations with timely ***’use of herbalists was often motivated by the desire for quick recovery in order to continue with work and because herbalists were relatives and easily ***,drinking unclean water was significantly associated with timely treatment and access to health services encouraged timely treatment(OR 8.5,p=0.012).Findings show that health system factors of

关键词： services lists clarified

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A bite-sized history of France

A bite-sized history of France

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作者： Stephane Henaut and Jeni mitchell.

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