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Ontogenetic shift in response to prey-derived chemical cues in prairie rattlesnakes Crotalus viridis viridis

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 549-555页

作者： anthony J. SAVIOLA David CHISZAR Stephen e MACKeSSY School of Biological Sciences University of Northern Colorado 501 20th Street CB 92 Greeley CO 80639 USA Department of Psychology CB 345 University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA

Snakes often have specialized diets that undergo a shift from one prey type to another depending on the life stage of the snake. Crotalus viridis viridis （prairie rattlesnake） takes different prey at different life stages, and neonates typically prey on ectotherms, while adults feed almost entirely on small endotherms. We hypothesized that elevated rates of tongue flicking to chemical stimuli should correlate with particular prey consumed, and that this response shifts from one prey type to another as in- dividuals age. To examine if an ontogenetic shift in response to chemical cues occurred, we recorded the rate of tongue flicking for 25 neonate, 20 subadult, and 20 adult （average SVL = 280.9, 552, 789.5 mm, respectively） wild-caught C. v. viridis to chemi- cal stimuli presented on a cotton-tipped applicator; water-soluble cues from two ectotherms （prairie lizard, Sceloporus undulatus, and house gecko, Hemidactylusfrenatus）, two endotherms （deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus and lab mouse, Mus musculus）, and water controls were used. Neonates tongue flicked significantly more to chemical cues of their common prey, S. undulatus, than to all other chemical cues; however, the response to this lizard＇s chemical cues decreased in adult rattlesnakes. Subadults tongue flicked with a higher rate of tongue flicking to both S. undulatus and P. maniculatus than to all other treatments, and adults tongue flicked significantly more to P. maniculatus than to all other chemical cues. In addition, all three sub-classes demonstrated a greater response for natural prey chemical cues over chemical stimuli of prey not encountered in the wild （M. musculus and H. frenatus）. This shift in chemosensory response correlated with the previously described ontogenetic shifts in C. v. viridis diet. Be-cause many vipers show a similar ontogenetic shift in diet and venom composition, we suggest that this shift in prey cue dis- crimination is likely a general phenomenon among viperid snakes.

关键词： Gape-limited predator Prey choice Trophic adaptation Vomeronasal chemoreception

Potential distributional shifts in North America of allelopathic invasive plant species under climate change models

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Plant Diversity 2022年第1期44卷 11-19页

作者： Anson Wang anthony e.Melton Douglas eSoltis Pamela SSoltis Department of Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA Florida Museum of Natural History University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA Genetics Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32610USA Biodiversity Institute University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA

Predictive studies play a crucial role in the study of biological invasions of terrestrial plants under possible climate change *** species are recognized for their ability to modify soil microbial communities and influence ecosystem ***,we focused on six species of allelopathic flowering plants-Ailanthus altissima,Casuarina equisetifolia,Centaurea stoebe ***,Dioscorea bulbifera,Lantana camara,and Schinus terebinthifolia-Xhat are invasive in North America and examined their potential to spread further during projected climate *** used Species Distribution Models(SDMs)to predict future suitable areas for these species in North America under several proposed future climate *** and Maxent were used to develop SDMs,estimate current distributions,and predict future areas of suitable climate for each *** with the greatest predicted suitable climate in the future include the northeastern and the coastal northwestern regions of North *** size estimations demonstrate the possibility of extreme range loss for these invasives in the southeastern United States,while new areas may become suitable in the northeastern United States and southeastern *** findings show an overall northward shift of suitable climate during the next few decades,given projected changes in temperature and *** results can be utilized to analyze potential shifts in the distribution of these invasive species and may aid in the development of conservation and management plans to target and control dissemination in areas at higher risk for potential future invasion by these allelopathic species.

关键词： Allelopathy Invasive species Species distribution models ecological niche models Invasion impacts Multi-species assessment

Sanctioned Heterodoxy： Local Cults in Two Chinese Catholic Villages, 1900-Present

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Frontiers of History in China 2016年第1期11卷 42-65页

作者： anthony e. Clark Department ofHistorv Whitworth Universitv. Spokane. WA 99251. USA

While ecclesiastic and state authorities in europe largely abolished medieval cults of saints because of their ＂heterodoxy,＂ late-imperial and modern Chinese Catholic communities in Shanxi still promulgate local cults dedicated to women and men who are believed to have performed posthumous miracles or who represent heroic virtue. Although constrained beneath the scrutiny of imperial, ecclesial, and modern political ideas of ＂orthodoxy＂ and ＂heterodoxy,＂ two Shanxi Catholic villages, Dongergou and Liangquandao （Liuhecun）, have managed to preserve and promote Sister Maria Assunta Pallotta and Father Wang Shiwei as contemporary versions of traditional local cults. One of the manifest characteristics of these two Chinese Catholic local cults is how they have been transformed by traditional Daoist cults and have successfully survived in a liminal space between ＂orthodox＂ and ＂heterodox.＂ Relying on archival materials from the former Taiyuan Catholic Diocese Archive, records held in Roman archives, and oral testimonies, intricate patterns of accommodation and resistance to political and church authorities can be discerned as means for these remote Catholic villages to construct identity and cultivate social cohesion.

关键词： Shanxi Qing Franciscans Maria Assunta Pallotta Wang Shiwei,local Christianity

Steel slag carbonation in a flow-through reactor system:The role of fluid-flux

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2015年第1期27卷 266-275页

作者： eleanor J.Berryman anthony e.Williams-Jones Artashes A.Migdisov Department of earth and Planetary Sciences McGill University Technische Universitat Berlin Los Alamos National Laboratory

Steel production is currently the largest industrial source of atmospheric CO2. As annual steel production continues to grow, the need for effective methods of reducing its carbon footprint increases correspondingly. The carbonation of the calcium-bearing phases in steel slag generated during basic oxygen furnace（BOF） steel production, in particular its major constituent, larnite {Ca2SiO4}, which is a structural analogue of olivine {（MgFe）2SiO4}, the main mineral subjected to natural carbonation in peridotites, offers the potential to offset some of these emissions. However, the controls on the nature and efficiency of steel slag carbonation are yet to be completely understood. experiments were conducted exposing steel slag grains to a CO2–H2O mixture in both batch and flow-through reactors to investigate the impact of temperature, fluid flux, and reaction gradient on the dissolution and carbonation of steel slag. The results of these experiments show that dissolution and carbonation of BOF steel slag are more efficient in a flow-through reactor than in the batch reactors used in most previous studies. Moreover, they show that fluid flux needs to be optimized in addition to grain size, pressure, and temperature, in order to maximize the efficiency of carbonation. Based on these results, a two-stage reactor consisting of a high and a low fluid-flux chamber is proposed for CO2 sequestration by steel slag carbonation,allowing dissolution of the slag and precipitation of calcium carbonate to occur within a single flow-through system.

关键词： CO2sequestration Steel slag carbonation Flow-through reactor Fluid flux

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the Philippines:Comparable with other nations?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第6期14卷 913-917页

作者： Mark anthony A De Lusong e Labio L Daez V Gloria Philippine General Hospital Manila Philippines

AIM: To evaluate the prevalence and determined the common characteristics of patients diagnosed with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at the Philippine General Hospital, Manila, from January 1999 to December 2004. MeTHODS: NAFLD was diagnosed in 134 from a total of 1102 patients, based on clinical, ultrasonographic and/or histopathological findings. Patients with conditions associated with secondary NAFLD were excluded. Chart review was done to note demographics, co- morbid illnesses, physical characteristics, hepatomegaly, aspartate/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) levels, albumin, lipid levels, alkaline phosphatase, prothrombin time, and partial thromboplastin time. Data obtained were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS version 10. ReSULTS: Of the 134 patients included, 71% were female and 29% male. Mean patient age was 42.2 years. Sixty percent of patients were obese, 56% had hepatomegaly, and 69% had diabetes. AST levels were elevated in 45% of subjects and ALT levels in 64%. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of NAFLD at our institution was 12.2%. Patients diagnosed appear to be younger in age in contrast to previous studies. Female sex, obesity, elevated liver enzymes, and diabetes were characteristic features of our NAFLD patients, which is comparable to previous studies from other countries.

关键词： Fatty liver Obesity Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Diabetes Philippines

A New Fossil Termite (Isoptera,Stolotermitidae,Stolotermes) from the early Miocene of Otago,New Zealand

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2010年第4期84卷 705-709页

作者： Uwe KAULFUSS anthony C.HARRIS Daphne e.Lee Department of Geology University of OtagoPO Box 56Dunedin 9054New Zealand Otago Museum PO Box 6202Dunedin 9059New Zealand

The forewing of a termite from early Miocene lake sediments in Otago, southern New Zealand is figured and described. It exhibits the generic characters of the damp-wood termite Stolotermes Hagen, but differs from forewings of the known species in size and venation pattern and is described as Stolotermes kupe sp. nov. S. kupe represents the first confident record of fossil Stolotermitidae and extends the fossil record of the family back to the early Miocene. It also is the first direct evidence of fossil Isoptera from New Zealand, though silicified termite faecal pellets, referable to Kalotermes brauni, have been previously described. S. kupe indicates that Stolotermitidae has been present in the Australasian region since at least the early Miocene.

关键词： early Miocene fossil termite Isoptera Stolotermes new species Otago Fouiden Maar Gondwana

Combined influence of Ce(Ⅲ)and iodide ions for corrosion protection of AA 2024-T3 in acidic to neutral chloride-rich environments:electrochemical and surface characterization studies

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Journal of Rare earths 2023年第2期41卷 309-320页

作者： Mohammed A.el-Hashemy anthony e.Hughes Thomas Gengenbach A.Matthew Glenn Ivan S.Cole Chemistry Department College of ScienceJouf UniversityP.O.Box 2014SakakaAljoufSaudi Arabia Air Pollution Research Department Environmental and Climate Change Research InstituteNational Research CentreDokkiGiza12622Egypt CSIRO Mineral Resources ClaytonVic3168Australia CSIRO Manufacturing ClaytonVic3168Australia School of engineering RMIT UniversityCarltonVic3053Australia

It has been reported that trivalent cerium salts are effective inhibitors for corrosion of AA2024-T3 in neutral to alkaline co rrosive enviro nments,but poor in acidic *** this study,work was done for extending corrosion resistance provided by Ce(NO_(3))_(3)to acidic pHs as low as 2.5 through the addition of iodide *** this end,potentiodynamic polarization was used to ascertain the optimum Ce(Ⅲ)concentration for the inhibition of AA2024-T3 corrosion in 3.5%NaCl *** optimum concentration is found to be in a range between 0.1 and 0.3 mmol/L Ce(Ⅲ).This optimum concentration also gives a maximum width of the passive region under the pitting potential(epit).Based on this optimization,further work was performed as a function of pH without and in the presence of 0.01 mol/L KI at five pH values(2.5,4,5,7,and 8).Without iodide the best inhibition provided by the Ce(Ⅲ)cation is at pH=7 but active corrosion is observed at pH=2.5 with an estimated inhibitor efficiency(-37.6%).The addition of iodide ions(I^(-))reverses the poor corrosion resistance whereby the inhibitor efficiency becomes 47.7%.Moreover,at pH=4 the efficiency is also increased from 54.0%to 81.0%with iodide addition providing a significant improvement over Ce(Ⅲ)cations alone under acidic *** is a synergistic effect between I-anion and Ce(Ⅲ)cation,which is determined to be 2.4 and 2.1 at pH=2.5and 4.0,*** pH=5 and 7 there is virtually no change in inhibition but at pH=8 the inhibition falls away due to a considerable amount of cerium precipitating out of solution as cerium *** protective film formed on sites in the aluminium alloy surface at different pH values was examined by both scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the role of these ions as a function of pH in surface *** is proposed that at pH=2.5 protection is provided by a bilayer adsorption of iodide with"cap

关键词： Aluminium alloy Cerium(Ⅲ)salt Potassium iodide Corrosion inhibitor XPS Rare earths

Variant selection in laser powder bed fusion of non-spherical Ti-6Al-4V powder

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第16期147卷 56-67页

作者： Mohammadreza Asherloo Ziheng Wu Julian e.C.Sabisch Iman Ghamarian anthony D.Rollett Amir Mostafaei Department of Mechanical Materials and Aerospace EngineeringIllinois Institute of Technology10 W 32nd StreetChicagoIL 60616United States Materials engineering Division Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory7000 East AveLivermoreCA 94550United States Samuel Roberts Noble Microscopy Laboratory University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019United States School of Aerospace and Mechanical engineering University of OklahomaNormanOK 73019United States Department of Materials Science and engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPA 15213United States

The presence ofα/αon priorβ/βgrain boundaries directly impacts the final mechanical properties of the titanium ***β/βgrain boundary variant selection of titanium alloys has been assumed to be unlikely owing to the high cooling rates in laser powder bed fusion(L-PBF).However,we hypothesize that powder characteristics such as morphology(non-spherical)and particle size(50–120μm)could affect the initial variant selection in L-PBF processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy by locally altering the cooling *** the high cooling rate found in L-PBF,results showed the presence ofβ/βgrain boundaryαlath growth inside two adjacent priorβ*** backscatter diffraction micrographs confirmed the presence ofβ/βgrain boundary variant selection,and synchrotron X-ray high-speed imaging observation revealed the role of the“shadowing effect”on the locally decreased cooling rate because of keyhole depth reduction and the consequentβ/βgrain boundaryαlath *** self-accommodation mechanism was the main variant selection driving force,and the most abundantα/αboundary variant was type 4(63.26°//[10553¯]).The dominance of Category IIαlath clusters associated with the type 4α/αboundary variant was validated using the phenomenological theory of martensite transformations and analytical calculations,from which the stress needed for theβ→αtransformation was calculated.

关键词： Variant selection Phase formation Additive Manufacturing Hydride-dehydride powder Texture analysis electron backscattered diffraction

Beyond the synucleinopathies:alpha synuclein as a driving force in neurodegenerative comorbidities

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 346-358页

作者： Naomi P.Visanji anthony e.Lang Gabor G.Kovacs edmond J.Safra program in Parkinson’s disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement disorders clinic Toronto Western HospitalTorontoOntarioCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Disease University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Laboratory Medicine Program&Krembil Brain Institute University Health NetworkTorontoOntarioCanada

The fundamental role that alpha-synuclein(aSyn)plays in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative synucleinopathies,including Parkinson’s disease,dementia with Lewy bodies,and multiple system atrophy,is a well-accepted fact.A wealth of experimental evidence has linked this relatively small but ubiquitously expressed protein to a plethora of cytopathologic mechanisms and suggests that aSyn may be capable of seeding the progressive spread of synucleinopathy throughout the *** the synucleinopathies,the abnormal deposition of aSyn is frequently seen in a variety of other neurodegenerative proteinopathies including Alzheimer’s *** spite of the fact that the frequency of concomitant aSyn pathology in these disorders is such that it can be considered the rule rather than the exception,the potential role that aSyn may have in these disorders has received relatively little *** this article we postulate that aSyn may in fact be a key protein in driving the pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative *** addition to reviewing the frequency of concomitant deposition of aSyn in the neurodegenerative proteinopathies,we also consider our current understanding of the interaction of aSyn with other neurodegenerative disease-associated proteins,including tau,TDP-43,amyloid-βand prion protein,in the context of neuropathologic studies describing the anatomical sites of potential concomitant *** conclude that a growing body of evidence,encompassing neuropathology studies in human brain,animal models of concomitant proteinopathies and studies employing sophisticated methods of probing protein-protein interaction,cumulatively suggest that aSyn is well positioned to exert a strong influence on the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative *** hope to stimulate research in this emerging field and consider that future studies exploring the contribution of aSyn to the pathogenic processes in neurodegenerative comorbidities may provide critical

关键词： Amyloid-β Alpha-synuclein Alzheimer’s disease Comorbidity Dementia with Lewy bodies Multiple system atrophy Neurodegeneration Parkinson’s disease Prion protein Progressive supranuclear palsy Proteinopathy Tau TDP-43