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Levels of evidence and grades of recommendation supporting European society for medical oncology clinical practice guidelines

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Oncology Research 2024年第5期32卷 807-815页

作者： MARKO SKELiN BRUNA PERKOV-STiPiČiN SANJA VUŠKOViĆ MARiNAŠANDRK PLEHAČEK ane bašić DAViDŠARČEViĆ MAJA iLiĆ iVAN KREČAK Pharmacy Department General Hospital ofŠibenik-Knin CountyŠibenikCroatia Faculty of Medicine University of RijekaRijekaCroatia Undergraduate Study in Nursing University of Applied SciencesŠibenikCroatia Department of Oncology University Hospital Center ZagrebZagrebCroatia Pharmacies Joukhadar Sveta NedeljaCroatia Pharmacies Prima Pharme ZagrebCroatia Pharmacy Department General Hospital ZadarZadarCroatia Pharmacy Department General Hospital PulaPulaCroatia Department of internal Medicine General Hospital ofŠibenik-Knin CountyŠibenikCroatia

background:The European Society for Medical Oncology(ESMO)guidelines are among the most comprehensive and widely used clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)***,the level of scientific evidence supporting ESMO CPG recommendations has not been systematically *** study assessed ESMO CPG levels of evidence(LOE)and grades of recommendations(GOR),as well as their trends over time across various cancer ***:We manually extracted every recommendation with the infectious Diseases Society of America(iDSA)classification from each *** examined the distribution of LOE and GOR in all available ESMO CPG guidelines across different topics and cancer ***:Among the 1,823 recommendations in the current CPG,30%were classified as LOEⅠ,and 43%were classified as GOR ***,there was a slight decrease in LOEⅠ(−2%)and an increase in the proportion of GOR A(+1%)in the current CPG compared to previous *** proportion of GOR A recommendations based on higher levels of evidence such as randomized trials(LOEⅠ–Ⅱ)shows a decrease(71%vs.63%,p=0.009)while recommendations based on lower levels of evidence(LOEⅢ–Ⅴ)show an increase(29%vs.37%,p=0.01)between previous and current *** the current versions,the highest proportion of LOEⅠ(42%)was found in recommendations related to pharmacotherapy,while the highest proportion of GOR A recommendations was found in the areas of pathology(50%)and diagnostic(50%)*** variability in LOEⅠand GOR A recommendations and their changes over time was observed across different cancer ***:One-third of the current ESMO CPG recommendations are supported by the highest level of *** well-designed randomized clinical trials are needed to increase the proportion of LOEⅠand GOR A recommendations,ultimately leading to improved outcomes for cancer patients.

关键词： ESMO guidelines Clinical practice guidelines Level of evidence Grade of recommendation

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Recovery of carbon monoxide from flue gases by reactive absorption in ionic liquid imidazolium chlorocuprate(i): Mass transfer coefficients

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015年第5期23卷 769-774页

作者： Gabriel Zarca inmaculada Ortiz ane Urtiaga Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Universidad de Cantabria Av. Los Castros s/n.

Recovery of carbon monoxide from flue gases by selective absorption of carbon monoxide in an imidazolium chlorocuprate（l） ionic liquid is considered in this work as an alternative to the use of molecular volatile solvents such as aromatic hydrocarbons. The present work evaluates the CO mass transfer rates from the gas phase to the ionic liquid solutions in the absence of chemical reaction. To that end, carbon dioxide was employed as an inert model gas and absorption experiments were performed to assess the influence of different process variables in a batch reactor with fiat gas-liquid interface. The experimental mass transfer coefficients showed significant var- iation with temperature, （3.4-10.9） × 10^-7 m·s^-1 between 293 and 313 K; stirring speed, （10.2- 33.1）× 10^-7 m.s 1 between 100 and 300 r·min^-1; and concentration of copper（1）, （6.6-10.2） × 10^-7 m·s^-1 between 0.25 and 2 mol· L^- 1. in addition, the mass transfer coefficients were eventually found to follow a poten- tial proportionality of the type kL ∝μ^-0.5 and the dimensionless correlation that makes the estimation of the mass transfer coefficients possible in the studied range of process variables was obtained： Sh=10^-2.64 Re^1.07 , Sc^0.75,These results constitute the first step in the kinetic analysis of the reaction between CO and imidazolium chlorocuprate（i） ionic liquid that determines the design of the separation units.

关键词： Carbon monoxide ionic liquid Copper(i)Reactive absorption Mass transfer kinetics Mass transfer coefficient Carbon dioxide

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Effect of wind damage on the habitat suitability of saproxylic species in a boreal forest landscape

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第3期30卷 879-889页

作者： ane Zubizarreta-Gerendiain Timo Pukkala Heli Peltola School of Forest Sciences Faculty of Science and ForestryUniversity of Eastern Finland

Many forest-dwelling species are dependent on deadwood. Sources of deadwood include competition- and senescence-related mortality of trees, and various damages. This study described a methodology for predicting the effect of wind damage on the amount of deadwood and suitability of the forest for saproxylic species. The methodology was used in a forested boreal landscape of 360 ha to analyze the effects of wind damage on the habitat quality for 27 groups of saproxylic species differing in their requirements for the species, size and decay stage of deadwood objects. A reference plan maximized net present value (MaxNPV) while others either minimized or maximized height differences between adjacent stands. Maximization of height differences resulted in high amount of wind damage and deadwood while minimizing height differences minimized wind damage and the amount of damage-related deadwood. The fourth plan maximized the average habitat suitability index (HSi) of the 27 groups of saproxylic species. The plans were compiled with and without even-flow harvesting constraints for three 10-year periods. Maximization of height differences between adjacent stands resulted in higher HSi values than obtained in the MaxNPV plan or in the plan than minimized height differences between adjacent stands. The average HSi of shade-demanding species correlated negatively with the amount of harvested timber. No strong correlations were found for light-demanding and indifferent species.

关键词： Biodiversity Habitat suitability index Deadwood Wind disturbance Optimization Simulated annealing

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The Chinese Dream： imagining China

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2015年第4期8卷 585-595页

作者： ane Bislev Department of Culture and Global Studies Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark

This article will discuss how the official discourse on the Chinese Dream is transformed in the meeting with the public in China. The Chinese Dream will be discussed both as a political framing discourse and as a public communication campaign in order to understand how the very selective responsiveness to the central theme of the Chinese Dream, the great rejuvenation of the Chinese Nation, influences the impact of the Dream discourse. An analysis of a selection of posts from Sina Weibo demonstrates how the Dream discourse contributes to national identity building, or in Benedict Anderson＇s words （in imagined communities： Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism, 1991）： to the imagined community that is China.

关键词： internet discourse · Public communication · The Chinese Dream ·Nation building

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Platelet-rich plasma,an adjuvant biological therapy to assist peripheral nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第1期12卷 47-52页

作者： Mikel Sánchez ane Garate Diego Delgado Sabino Padilla Arthroscopic Surgery Unit Hospital Vithas San JoseVitoria-GasteizSpain Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA BTi Biotechnology institute Vitoria-GasteizSpain

Therapies such as direct tension-free microsurgical repair or transplantation of a nerve autograft,are nowadays used to treat traumatic peripheral nerve injuries（PNi）,focused on the enhancement of the intrinsic regenerative potential of injured ***,these therapies fail to recreate the suitable cellular and molecular microenvironment of peripheral nerve repair and in some cases,the functional recovery of nerve injuries is ***,new biomedical engineering strategies based on tissue engineering approaches through molecular intervention and scaffolding offer promising outcomes on the *** this sense,evidence is accumulating in both,preclinical and clinical settings,indicating that platelet-rich plasma products,and fibrin scaffold obtained from this technology,hold an important therapeutic potential as a neuroprotective,neurogenic and neuroinflammatory therapeutic modulator system,as well as enhancing the sensory and motor functional nerve muscle unit recovery.

关键词： peripheral nerve injuries(PNi) Schwann cells axons platelet-rich plasma biomolecules fibrin scaffold intraneural perineural microenvironment

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Characterisation of Na-metasomatism in the Sveconorwegian bamble Sector of South Norway

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第5期5卷 659-672页

作者： ane K.Engvika Peter M.ihlena Hakon Austrheimb Geological Survey of Norway.P.O.Box 6315 Sluppen.N-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of Geosciences.University of Oslo P.O.Box 1047 BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

Na-metasomatism in the form of albitisation is regionally extensive in the Precambrian crust of southern Scandinavia and is particularly widespread in the bamble Sector, the Kongsberg-Modum Sector and the Norwegian part of the Mylonite Zone. Sites of albitisation outside these belts are associated with hy- drothermal breccia pipes and fracture-bound alteration. The albitites are composed of near end-member sodic plagioclase （Ano 5Ab94-99） with minor carbonate （calcite and dolomite）, rutile, clinopyroxene （En30Fs21-23W047 49）, amphibole （edenite-pargasite）, quartz, titanite, tourmaline, epidote （Fe3＋ - 0.20 -0.85 a.p.f.u） and chlorite （Mg# = 0.81-0.89）. The albitites have been studied in detail in the region around the town of Kragem, and are described as albitisation along veins, as breccias, alhitic felsites, massive carbonate-bearing albitites and megascale clinopyroxene-titanite-bearing albitite. The strong fluid control on their formation is illustrated by the veining and mineral replacement reactions, showing fluid transport by a H20-CO2 fluid rich in Na, depleting Fe and Mg from the host rock, in accordance with calculated mass transfer. A study of the mineralogical replacement reactions in combination with a regional compilation has demonstrated the relationship between metasomatic processes and the for- mation of apatite, ruti｜e and Fe deposits. The albitites occur spatially associated with other metasomatic rocks such as scapolitised metagabbros. We document that metasomatism is an important mineral- and rock-forming process in the continental crust, which in the bamble Sector is a part of the tectonome- tamorphic evolution of the Sveconorwegian orogen.

关键词： AlbititeMetasomatismbamble SectorFluidsSveconorwegianSouth Norway

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Effect of Velocity Ratio,Viscosity Ratio,Contact Angle,and Channel Size Ratio on Droplet Formation

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2023年第10期19卷 2471-2480页

作者： Mohammed Bourega ibrahim Kromba Khadidja Feah Arbi Soﬁane Souimane Biomedical Engineering Laboratory Abu Bakr Belkaid UniversityTlemcen13000Algeria

This study uses a T-junction to examine the effects of different parameters(velocity ratio,viscosity,contact angle,and channel size ratio)on the generation of microdroplets,related rate,and *** speciﬁcally,numerical simulations are exploited to investigate situations with a velocity varying from 0.004 to 1.6 m/s for the continuous phase and from 0.004 to 0.8 m/s for the dispersed phase,viscosity ratios(0.668,1,6.689,10,66.899),contact angle 80°ifferent canal size ratios(1,1.5,2 and 4).The results show that canal size inﬂuences droplet size and the generation *** contact angle has an impact on the form and the quality of generated ***,the relationship between velocity and viscosity ratios,droplet size,and generation rate is non-monotonic.

关键词： Microﬂuidics T-junction droplet generator droplet size droplet diameter generation rate

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Assessment of institutional and Legal Framework for Sustainable Land Use Management Practices in Ashi River Watershed,China

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Journal of Harbin institute of Technology(New Series) 2021年第6期28卷 23-36页

作者： Vitus Tankpa Li Wang Raphael ane Atanga Xiaomeng Guo Alfred Awotwi State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Department of Tourism School of Tourism and HospitalityUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Environmental Science University for Development Studies(UDS)NavrongoGhana

Nonpoint source(NPS)pollutants resulting from land degradation(LD)have been a key influential factor on the deterioration of water ***,sustainable land use management(SLM)practices have been employed to reduce the impacts of LD ***,the adoption of SLM practices is often not effective to protect water resources despite its capability of improving water ***,evidence shows that activities of land users directly influence SLM practices and NPS pollution of water resources in watersheds,but invariably this has not been clearly *** how SLM practices adoption could prevent NPS pollution of water resources in watershed is a ***,the primary aim of the investigation is to comprehend the status of SLM practices with the legal framework supporting the adoption of such practices in the Ashi River watershed.A survey instrument involving structured questionnaire was implemented to collect data.A randomly based lottery method was applied to sample information from 150 land users in two control units’*** and inferential statistics was used to analyze the *** research revealed that there is low adoption of SLM practices of the study *** low adoption is due to weak capacity building and enforcement of regulations in the *** and age of the residents are the strongest predictors of SLM adoption *** connected with farming are more sensitive to the adoption status of *** is our recommendation that policy makers should ensure capacity building,and enforcement of regulations can specifically compel farmers to adopt SLM *** approach would complement other strategies to solve the NPS pollution issue of Ashi River.

关键词： sustainable land use management institutional framework legal framework adoption land users Ashi River watershed

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Multi-resistant bacteria in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: A new step in management?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14079-14086页

作者： Angelo Alves de Mattos ane Micheli Costabeber Livia Caprara Lion?o Cristiane Valle Tovo Department of Gastroenterology Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Porto Alegre 90430-080 Brasil

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) is the most typical infection observed in cirrhosis patients. SBP is responsible for an in-hospital mortality rate of approximately 32%. Recently, pattern changes in the bacterial flora of cirrhosis patients have been observed, and an increase in the prevalence of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria has been noted. The wide-scale use of quinolones in the prophylaxis of SBP has promoted flora modifications and resulted in the development of bacterial resistance. The efficacy of traditionally recommended therapy has been low in nosocomial infections(up to 40%), and multi-resistance has been observed in up to 22% of isolated germs in nosocomial SBP. For this reason, the use of a broad empirical spectrum antibiotic has been suggested in these situations. The distinction between community-acquired infectious episodes, healthcare-associated infections, or nosocomial infections, and the identification of risk factors for multi-resistant germs can aid in the decision-making process regarding the empirical choice of antibiotic therapy. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents, such as carbapenems with or without glycopeptides or piperacillin-tazobactam, should be considered for the initial treatment not only of nosocomial infections but also of healthcare-associated infections when the risk factors or severity signs for multi-resistant bacteria are apparent. The use of cephalosporins should be restricted to community-acquired infections.

关键词： Spontaneous peritonitis Multi-resistant bacteria Cirrhosis infection Ascites

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A comparison of conventional and computer-assisted semen analysis.（CRiSMAS software） using samples from 166 young Danish men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第3期13卷 453-458,513页

作者： Anne Vested Cecilia H Ramlau-Hansen Jens P Bonde ane M Thulstrup Susanne L Kristensen Gunnar Toft Danish Ramazzini Center Department of Occupational Medicine Aarhus University Hospital DK-8000 Aarhus C Denmark Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg DK-2400 Copenhagen NV Denmark

The aim of the present study was to compare assessments of sperm concentration and sperm motility analysed by conventional semen analysis with those obtained by computer-assisted semen analysis （CASA）（Copenhagen Rigshospitalet image House Sperm Motility Analysis System （CRiSMAS） 4.6 software） using semen samples from 166 young Danish men. The CRiSMAS software identifies sperm concentration and classifies spermatozoa into three motility categories. To enable comparison of the two methods, the four motility stages obtained by conventional semen analysis were, based on their velocity classifications, divided into three stages, comparable to the three CRiSMAS motility categories： rapidly progressive （A）, slowly progressive （B） and non-progressive （C＋ D）. Differences between the two methods were large for all investigated parameters （P〈0.001）. CRiSMAS overestimated sperm concentration and the proportion of rapidly progressive spermatozoa and, consequently, underestimated the percentages of slowly progressive and non-progressive spermatozoa, compared to the conventional method. To investigate whether results drifted according to time of semen analysis, results were pooled into quarters according to date of semen analysis. CRiSMAS motility results appeared more stable over time compared to the conventional analysis; however, neither method showed any trends. Apparently, CRiSMAS CASA results and results from the conventional method were not comparable with respect to sperm concentration and motility analysis. This needs to be accounted for in clinics using this software and in studies of determinants of these semen characteristics.

关键词： computer-assisted semen analysis reproduction semen analysis sperm concentration sperm motility

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