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Brain size and urbanization in birds

Chinese Birds 2015年第2期6卷 92-98页

作者： anders pape moller Johannes Erritzoe Laboratoire d’Ecologie Systématique et EvolutionCNRS UMR 8079Universite Paris-Sud Taps Old Rectory

Background: Brain size may affect the probability of invasion of urban habitats if a relatively larger brain entails superior ability to adapt to novel environments. However, once urbanized urban environments may provide poor quality food that has negative consequences for normal brain development resulting in an excess of individuals with small ***: Here we analyze the independent effects of mean, standard deviation and skewness in brain mass for invasion of urban habitats by 108 species of birds using phylogenetic multiple regression analyses weighted by sample ***: There was no significant difference in mean brain mass between urbanized and non-urbanized species or between urban and rural populations of the same species, and mean brain mass was not significantly correlated with time since urbanization. Bird species that became urbanized had a greater standard deviation in brain mass than non-urbanized species, and the standard deviation in brain mass increased with time since urbanization. Brain mass was significantly left skewed in species that remained rural, while there was no significant skew in urbanized species. The degree of left skew was greater in urban than in rural populations of the same species, and successfully urbanized species decreased the degree of left skew with time since urbanization. This is consistent with the hypothesis that sub-optimal brain development was more common in rural habitats resulting in disproportionately many individuals with very smal ***: These findings do not support the hypothesis that large brains promote urbanization, but suggest that skewness has played a role in the initial invasion of urban habitats, and that variance and skew in brain mass have increased as species have become urbanized.

关键词： Birds Brain mass Skewness in Brain Mass Standard deviation in Brain Mass Urbanization

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Avian preference for close proximity to human habitation and its ecological consequences

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 623-630页

作者： anders pape moller Mario DiAZ Ecologie Systematique Evolution CNRS Universite Paris-Sud AgroParisTech Universite Pari-Saclay 0rsay Cedex F-91400 France Department of Biogeography and Global Change (BGC-MNCN-CSIC) National Museum of Natural Sciences CSIC c/Serrano 155bis Madrid E-28006 Spain

Human proximity often have negative consequences for wildlife. However, animals may also benefit from human proximity in terms of availability of resources and protection against predators and parasites. We recorded the distance between all birds detected during the breeding season along 18 5-kin transects and the nearest inhabited house in three areas of 50 km2 in Spain, France, and Denmark. More than three quarters of birds were located closer than 100 m to the nearest house, while the null expectation was less than a third. Mean distance for species was correlated with degree of bird urbanization and with flight initiation distance. Habitat specialist species with small breeding territories tended to live closer to houses. Birds from species having more broods per year, larger annual fecundity and lower nest predation rate lived closer to human habitation. Breeding range size, population density, and continental breeding population sizes were larger for species living closer to human habitation. Most relationships between distance to houses and bird traits had a strong phylogenetic signal, but most additive trait effects remained after phylogenetic correction. Proximity to human habitation was a main driver of the distribution of birds, with most individuals and species tightly linked to inhabited houses. Living close to human habitation was associated with success in the colonization of urban habitats and with consistent changes in distribution, abundance, behavior, and life history. Replicated measurements of the spatial and tempo- ral variation in these distributions may be useful for monitoring and analyzing the ongoing process of organisms＇ urbanization.

关键词： birds distance to nearest house flight initiation distance humans refuge urbanization.

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A meta-analysis of the effects of geolocator application on birds

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Current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 697-706页

作者： David COSTANTINI anders pape moller Institute for Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine Graham Kerr Building College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK Department of Biology University of Antwerp Universiteitsplein 1 2610 Wilrijk Belgium Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079 Universite Paris-Sud Batiment 362 F-91405 OrsayCedex France

An increasing trend in use of tracking devices such as geolocators is based on the assumption that the information gathered from such devices provides reliable information about the migratory behavior of free-living birds. This underlying as- sumption is rarely tested, as evidenced by the absence in many studies of controls, in particular treated controls, and so far never with a reasonable statistical power. Published studies have shown reduced survival prospects or delayed breeding in some species, suggesting that there may be reason to doubt that tracking devices provide unbiased information. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies applying geolocators to wild birds to determine whether geolocators affected fitness components. Ge- olocators had an overall negative effect on fitness components, in particular survival, and ecological variables. Effect size was larger for aerial foragers than for other species. Moreover the leg band attachment method was more detrimental for birds than the leg-loop backpack harness. A meta-regression model of effect size showed independent negative effects of geolocators on ae- rial foragers, smaller species, species with smaller migration distances and in studies where geolocators were attached with a ring. These results suggest that geolocator studies should be interpreted with caution, but also raise questions whether it is ethically defensible to use geolocators on aerial foragers or small species without carrying out robust pilot studies.

关键词： Aerial foraging Aerodynamics Fitness cost Geolocator Migration Survival cost

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Plumage brightness and uropygial gland secretions in barn swallows

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Current Zoology 2019年第2期65卷 177-182页

作者： anders pape moller Fernando MATEOS-GONZALEZ Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-Sud CNRS AgroParisTech Universite Paris-Saclay Batiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex France Department of Ecology and Genetics Evolutionary Biology Centre University of Uppsala Norbyvagen 18d SE-75236 Uppsala Sweden

The uropygial gland has been hypothesized to play a role in sexual signaling through a "make-up" function derived from the effects of secretions from the gland on the appearanee of the plumage and bare parts of the body. Here we show that plumage brightness of dorsal feathers of individual barn swallows Hirundo rustica was greater in mated than in unmated individuals. In addition, plumage brightness in creased with colony size. Furthermore, plumage bright ness was positively correlated with the amount of wax in the uropygial gland, negatively correlated with time of sampling of uropygial wax (perhaps because more wax is present early in the morning after an entire night of wax production without any preening), and negatively correlated with the number of chewing lice that degrade the plumage. Experimentally preventing barn swallows from access to the uropygial gland reduced plumage brightness, showing a causal link between secretions from the uropygial gland and plumage brightness. These findings provide evidence consistent with a role of uropygial secretions in signaling plumage brightness.

关键词： brightness coloration preening wax sexual selection uropygial gland

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Flight initiation distance, color and camouflage

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Current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 535-540页

作者： anders pape moller Wei LIANG Diogo S.M.SAMiA Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et EvolutionCNRS UMRUniversite Paris-SudBatiment 362Orsay CedexFrance Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina Department of Ecology Federal University of GoiasGoianiaBrazil

Camouflage is widespread throughout the animal kingdom allowing individuals to avoid detection and hence save time and energy rather than escape from an approaching ***,camouflage is likely to have co-evolved with antipredator ***,we propose that camouflage results in dichotomous escape behavior within and among species with classes of individuals and species with cryptic coloration having shorter flight initiation distances(FIDs;the distance at which an individual takes flight when approached by a human).We report the results of 2 tests of this ***,bird species with cryptically colored plumage have consistently shorter FID than closely related species without such *** species with sexually dimorphic plumage,brightly colored adult male common pheasants Phasianus colchicus and golden pheasants Chrysolophus pictus have long and variable FID,whereas cryptically colored juveniles and adult females have short and invariable ***,FID in females was predicted by presence or absence of cryptic color,FID in males and their *** findings are consistent with the hypothesis that risk-taking behavior has been attuned to camouflage,and that species with different levels of camouflage differ consistently in their FID.

关键词： anti-predator behavior birds camouflage crypsis sexual dichromatism

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Russet Sparrows spot alien chicks from their nests

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Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 150-156页

作者： Juan Huo Canchao Yang Tongping Su Wei Liang anders pape moller Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life Sciences Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China College of Forestry Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-Sud CNRS Agro Paris Tech Universite Paris Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France

Background： In coevolutionary interactions between brood parasites and their hosts, host parents are under strong selection to evolve defenses against parasitism. Egg rejection is an efficient and common defense against parasitism, although some apparently suitable hosts do not reject cuckoo ***： Sparrows Ploceidae are widespread throughout the Old World, and they have a suitable diet for rearing cuckoos, but still they are rarely exploited by brood parasites. To solve such puzzle, we conducted artificial parasitism and cross-fostering experiments in Russet Sparrow （Posset cinnomomeus）.Results： The present study showed that Russet Sparrows have no egg recognition ability, but recognize their own nestlings and eject alien chicks or starve them to death. They may use visual cues in chick recognition, although they accept sister species Tree Sparrow （Posset montonus）.Conclusions： By rejecting nestlings of foreign species, Russet Sparrows have succeeded to escape from the brood parasitism by cuckoos and other parasites. Our studies shed light on the puzzle why some species are not utilized by cuckoo parasites as hosts,

关键词： Chick recognition Coevolution Cross-fostering Egg recognition Posset cinnamomeus

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Spatial variation in egg polymorphism among cuckoo hosts across 4 continents

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Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 477-483页

作者： Canchao Yang Xingfeng Si Wei Liang anders pape moller Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Plant and Animal Ecology College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikou 571158China Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Institute of Eco-Chongming(IEC) Shanghai 202162China Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversite Paris-SaclayF-91405 Orsay CedexFrance

Although egg color polymorphism has evolved as an effective defensive adaptation to brood parasitism,spatial variations in egg color polymorphism remain poorly ***,we investigated egg polymorphism in 647 host species(68 families and 231 gen era)parasitized by 41 species of Old Word cuckoos(1 family and 11 gen era)across Asia,Europe,Africa,and *** diversity of parasitic cuckoos differs among continents,reflecting the continent-specific intensities of parasitic selection pressure on ***,host egg polymorphism is expected to evolve more frequently on continents with higher cuckoo *** identified egg polymorphism in 24.1%of all host species and 47.6%of all host *** common cuckoo Cuculus canorus utilized 184 hosts(28.4%of all host species).Hosts of the common cuckoo and of Chrysococcyx species were more likely to have polymorphic eggs than hosts parasitized by other *** the number of host species and the host families targeted by the cuckoo species were positively correlated with the frequency of host egg *** host species and most hosts exhibiting egg color polymorphism were located in Asia and *** egg polymorphism was observed less frequently in Australia and *** results also suggested that egg polymorphism tends to occur more frequently in hosts that are utilized by several cuckoo species or by generalist cuckoo *** suggest that selecti on pressure on hosts from a given contin ent in creases proportionally to the number of cuckoo species,and that this selection pressure may,in turn,favor the evolution of host egg polymorphism.

关键词： avian brood parasitism cuckoo diversity cuckoo host

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Comparison of head size and bite force in two sister species of parrotbills

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Avian Research 2018年第1期9卷 27-32页

作者： Xiaodong Rao Canchao Yang Laikun Ma Jianwei Zhang Wei Liang anders pape moller Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands College of Life Sciences Hainan Normal University Haikou 571158 China Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-Sud CNRS AgroParisTech Universite Paris-Saclay 91405 Orsay Cedex France

Background: Brain size is associated with morphological evolution and behavioral flexibility because animals with large brain size tend to utilize new resources and colonize novel environments more ***, animals with larger brain size should possess larger distribution *** size is strongly positively correlated with head size in birds, but also with prey size and vocalizations, because individuals with large heads eat large food items and produce high frequency ***: To test if there exists an association between head morphology and bite performance, we compared head size and bite force in two sympatric sister species of parrotbills, Ashy-throated Parrotbill(Paradoxornis alphonsianus) and Vinous-throated Parrotbill(***), which both originated from the Himalayan area, but differ significantly in their distribution ***: In Guizhou, southwestern China, the Ashy-throated Parrotbill with a restricted distribution range had smaller heads whilst the Vinous-throated Parrotbill with a large distribution range had larger ***, there were no differences in head size between Ashy-throated Parrotbills and allopatric populations of Vinous-throated Parrotbills(Jiangxi and Hebei).Furthermore, the tendency of variation in bite force was opposite to that in head size with populations with larger head size having weaker bite ***: We showed that there are no differences in head size between the Ashy-throated Parrotbill and allopatric populations of Vinous-throated Parrotbill, which provides evidence for the hypothesis that differences in head size in the Guizhou populations of two sister species are probably the result of local adaptation rather than *** study has implications for avian dispersal and adaption related to head size such as diet ecology and vocalizations.

关键词： Behavioral flexibility Distribution range Paradoxornis alphonsianus Paradoxornis webbianus Sister species

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Rapid reduction in migration distance in relation to climate in a long-distance migratory bird

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 233-235页

作者： anders pape moller Tim VAN NUS Keith A.HOBSON Ecologie Systematique Evolution Universite Paris-SudCNRSAgroParisTechUniversite Paris-SaclayOrsay Cedex F-91405France Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Chassestraat 34-2 Amsterdam NL-1057JGThe Netherlands Department-Biology and Environment and Climate Change Canada University of Western OntarioRoom 2025 BGS Building1151 Richmond StreetLondonONCanada N6A 5B7

Migratory birds likely evolved from residents as a consequence of intraspecific competition for limiting resources followed by dispersal of such individuals to novel sites that had previously not been occupied by migr... 详细信息

关键词： likely occupied consequence

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Extreme climatic events in relation to global change and their impact on life histories

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 375-389页

作者： Juan MORENO anders pape moller Departamento de Ecologia Evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC C/Jod Gutierrez Abascal 2 E-28006 Madrid Spain Laboratoire d'Ecologie Systematique et Evolution CNRS UMR 8079 Universite Paris-Sud Bfttiment 362 F-91405 Orsay Cedex Franc

Extreme weather conditions occur at an increasing rate as evidenced by higher frequency of hurricanes and more extreme precipitation and temperature anomalies. Such extreme environmental conditions will have important implications for all living organisms through greater frequency of reproductive failure and reduced adult survival. We review examples of reproductive failure and reduced survival related to extreme weather conditions. Phenotypic plasticity may not be sufficient to allow adaptation to extreme weather for many animals. Theory predicts reduced reproductive effort as a response to increased stochasticity. We predict that patterns of natural selection will change towards truncation selection as environmental conditions become more extreme. Such changes in patterns of selection may facilitate adaptation to extreme events. However, effects of selection on reproductive effort are difficult to detect. We present a number of predictions for the effects of extreme weather conditions in need of empirical tests. Finally, we suggest a number of empirical reviews that could improve our ability to judge the effects of extreme environmental conditions on life history [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 375-389, 2011].

关键词： Bet hedging Climate change Extreme weather Reproductive failure Truncation selection

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