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Beyond the Pediatric end-stage liver disease system: Solutions for infants with biliary atresia requiring liver transplant

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11062-11068页

作者： Mary Elizabeth M Tessier Sanjiv Harpavat Ross W Shepherd Girish S Hiremath Mary l Brandt amy Fisher John A Goss Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital Houston Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHouston

Biliary atresia(BA), a chronic progressive cholestatic disease of infants, is the leading cause for liver transplant in children, especially in patients under two years of age. BA can be successfully treated with the Kasai portoenterostomy; however most patients still require a liver transplant, with up to one half of BA children needing a transplant by age two. In the current pediatric end-stage liver disease system, children with BA face the risk of not receiving a liver in a safe and timely manner. In this review, we discuss a number of possible solutions to help these children. We focus on two general approaches:(1) preventing/delaying need for transplantation, by optimizing the success of the Kasai operation; and(2) expediting transplantation when needed, by performing techniques other than the standard deceased-donor, whole, ABO-matched organ transplant.

关键词： Biliary atresia liver transplantation Pediatric liver disease Pediatric end-stage liver disease Kasai operation Newborn screening Surgical outcomes living-related donor transplantation Split liver transplantation ABO-incompatible liver transplantation

ICC density predicts bacterial overgrowth in a rat model of post-infectious IBS

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第29期16卷 3680-3686页

作者： Sam-Ryong Jee Walter Morales Kimberly low Christopher Chang amy Zhu Venkata Pokkunuri Soumya Chatterjee Edy Soffer Jeffrey l Conklin Mark Pimentel GI Motility Program Division of GastroenterologyCedars-Sinai Medical Center

AIM:To investigate the interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) number using a new rat ***:Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two *** first group received gavage with Campylobacter jejuni(***) *** second group was gavaged with *** months after clearance of Campylobacter from the stool,precise segments of duodenum,jejunum,and ileum were ligated in self-contained loops of bowel that were preserved in anaerobic *** muscular plexus ICC(DMP-ICC) were quantified by two blinded readers assessing the tissue in a random,coded *** number of ICC per villus was compared among controls,Campylobacter recovered rats without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO),and Campylobacter recovered rats with ***:Three months after recovery,27% of rats gavaged with *** had *** rats with SIBO had a lower number of DMP-ICC than controls in the jejunum and *** there appeared to be a density threshold of 0.12 DMP-ICC/villus that was associated with *** ileal density of DMP-ICC was llus,54% of rats had SIBO compared to 9% among ileal sections with > 0.12(Pllus in more than one location of the bowel,88% of these had SIBO compared to 6% in those who did not(PlUSION:In this post-infectious rat model,the development of SIBO appears to be associated with a reduction in *** study of this rat model might help understand the pathophysiology of postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome.

关键词： Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome Bacterial overgrowth Interstitial cells of Cajal Campylobacter

Identification of N-acetylglucosaminyltranferase-IV as a modifier of Epstein-Barr virus BZlF1 activity

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Open Journal of Genetics 2013年第1期3卷 1-5页

作者： amy l. Adamson Department of Biology University of North Carolina Greensboro Greensboro USA

Epstein-Barr virus is a prevalent human herpesvirus, with about 95% of the world’s adult population positive for anti-EBV antigen antibodies. After the initial infection and production of new virus particles, the virus may enter a latent state within a subset of cells, and therefore can remain within the host indefinitely. Epstein-Barr virus contributes to a variety of diseases, including many types of cancers. We have created a model system in Drosophila melanogaster to study the effect of expression of the Epstein-Barr virus protein BZlF1, and to identify cellular proteins that mediate BZlF1 activity. Here we present the results of a genetic screen that determined that the Drosophila melanogaster CG9384 gene (an N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase) is a significant modulator of BZlF1 activity and EBV early lytic replication.

关键词： Epstein-Barr Virus BZlF1 Drosophila CG9384 Gnt-IVb

Stable oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanosensors for environmental biocontaminant monitoring

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第12期29卷 49-59页

作者： Maria V.Riquelme Weinan leng Marcos Carzolio amy Pruden Peter Vikesland Via Department of Ciuil ancl Environmental Engineering Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061United States Department of Statistics Virginia TechBlacksburgVA 24061United States

The global propagation of environmental biocontaminants such as antibiotic resistant pathogens and their antibiotic resistance genes（ARGs） is a public health concern that highlights the need for improved monitoring strategies. Here, we demonstrate the environmental stability and applicability of an oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanosensor. The mec A ARG was targeted as model biocontaminant due to its presence in clinically-relevant pathogens and to its emergence as an environmental *** A-specific nanosensors were tested for antibiotic resistance gene（ARG） detection in ARG-spiked effluent from four wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs）. The mec A-specific nanosensors showed stability in environmental conditions and in high ionic strength（[MgCl_2] 〈 50 m M）, and high selectivity against mismatched targets. Spectrophotometric detection was reproducible with an lOD of 70 pM（≈ 4 × 10~7 genes/μl）, even in the presence of interferences associated with non-target genomic DNA and complex WWTP effluent. This contribution supports the environmental applicability of a new line of cost-effective, field-deployable tools needed for wide-scale biocontaminant monitoring.

关键词： Stable oligonucleotide-functionalized gold nanosensors for environmental biocontaminant monitoring lOD DNA

Occultocarpon,a new monotypic genus of Gnomoniaceae on Alnus nepalensis from China

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Fungal Diversity 2012年第1期52卷 99-105页

作者： luis C.Mejía amy Y.Rossman lisa A.Castlebury Zhu l.Yang James F.White Jr USDA Agricultural Research ServiceSystematic Mycology&Microbiology LaboratoryB010A10300 Baltimore Ave.BeltsvilleMD 20705USA Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ 08901USA Key laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204(Yunnan ProvincePeople’s Republic of China Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado0843-03092BalboaAnconRepublic of Panama

Microfungi in the Gnomoniaceae(Diaporthales,Ascomycetes)comprise species commonly reported as pathogens and endophytes on trees and herbaceous hosts primarily from temperate forests of North America,Europe,and *** diversity of Gnomoniaceae in China is poorly known,although several plant families that occur there specifically the Betulaceae are considered important *** exploratory trip to Yunnan,China,resulted in the discovery of several members of the *** this paper a new monotypic genus,Occultocarpon and its species,***,are described and illustrated.A phylogeny based on three genes(lSU,rpb2,tef1-α)reveals that *** belongs to the Gnomoniaceae and forms a branch distinct from the currently known *** ailaoshanense is characterized by perithecia with thin,central to eccentric necks in groups embedded in a stroma and oblong elliptical-elongated,one-septate *** ailaoshanense occurs on the bark of branches of Alnus nepalensis(Betulaceae)in Yunnan,China.

关键词： Ascomycota Betulaceae DiaporthaleslGnomoniaceae Systematics Yunnan

Persistent EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation drives chemo-resistance and early tumor relapse in triple-negative breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 691-702页

作者： amy H.Tang Richard A.Hoefer Mary l.Guye Harry D.Bear Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology Leroy T.Canoles Jr.Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVA 23507USA School of Systems Biology George Mason UniversityManassasVA 20110USA Sentara Cancer Network Sentara HealthcareNorfolkVA 23507USA Sentara Surgery Specialists Surgical OncologySentara CarePlex HospitalNewport NewsVA 23606USA Division of Surgical Oncology Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and ImmunologyMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298-0011USA

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is the most aggressive breast cancer *** disproportionately affects BRCA mutation carriers and young women,especially African American(AA)*** TNBC is a heterogeneous and molecularly unstable disease that challenges our ability to apply personalized *** the approval of immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)for TNBC,the addition of pembrolizumab to systemic chemotherapy has become standard of care(SOC)in neoadjuvant systemic therapy(NST)for high-risk early-stage *** plus chemotherapy significantly increased the pathologic complete response(pCR)and improved event-free survival in ***,clinical uncertainties remain because similarly treated TNBC partial responders with comparable tumor responses to neoadjuvant therapy often experience disparate clinical *** methods fall short in accurately predicting which high-risk patients will develop chemo-resistance and tumor ***,novel treatment strategies and innovative new research initiatives are *** propose that the EGFR-K-RAS-SIAH pathway activation is a major tumor driver in chemoresistant *** high expression of SIAH in residual tumors following NACT/NST reflects that the EGFR/K-RAS pathway remains activated(ON),indicating an ineffective response to *** chemoresistant tumor clones persist in expressing SIAH(SIAH^(High/ON))and are linked to early tumor relapse and poorer ***,the loss of SIAH expression(SIAH^(low/OFF))in residual tumors post-NACT/NST reflects EGFR/K-RAS pathway inactivation(OFF),indicating effective therapy and chemo-sensitive tumor ***^(low/OFF) signal is linked to tumor remission and better prognosis post-NACT/***,SIAH is well-positioned to become a novel tumor-specific,therapy-responsive,and prognostic ***,this new biomarker(SIAH^(High/ON))could be used to quantify therapy response,predict chemo-resistance,and identi

关键词： Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC) chemo-resistance seven in absentia(SINA)and human homologs of SINA(SIAH)E3 ligase ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation in TNBC neoadjuvant chemotherapy prognosis patient risk stratification detection of chemo-resistance precision quantification of therapy efficacy and treatment optimization

Higher testosterone levels are associated with increased highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol in men with cardiovascular disease： results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第2期10卷 193-200页

作者： Stephanie T. Page Beth A. Mohr Carol l. link amy B. O＇Oonnell William J. Bremner John B. McKinlay Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle 98195 USA New England Research Institutes Watertown 02472 USA

Aim： To study the relationship between circulating androgens （total testosterone [TT], free testosterone [IT] and dihydrotestosterone [DHT]） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDl-C） in men with and without cardiovascular disease （CVD）. Methods： Cross-sectional analyses included 1 661 baseline samples from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study （MMAS）, a population-based cohort of men ages 40-70 years. Serum hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay and HDl-C was determined following precipitation of the lower density lipoproteins. CVD was determined by self-report. Analyses were performed using multiple linear regression. Results： TT and HDl-C were positively correlated in the entire sample （r = 0.11, P = 0.0001）. After adjusting for confounders, we found this relationship was mostly limited to the 209 men with CVD. Among men with CVD, TT （P = 0.0004）, iT （P = 0.0172） and DHT （P = 0.0128） were all positively correlated with HDl-C, whereas in men without CVD only TT correlated with HDl-C （P = 0.0099）. Conclusion： Our results suggest that if androgens contribute to CVD in middle-aged men, the effect is not related to a suppressive effect of endogenous T on HDl-C. （Asian JAndrol 2008 Mar; 10： 193-200）

关键词： testosterone high-density lipoprotein cholesterol androgens epidemiology

lipid reserves and immune defense in healthy and diseased migrating monarchs Danaus plexippus

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Current Zoology 2013年第3期59卷 393-402页

作者： Dara A. SATTERFIElD amy E. WRIGHT Sonia AlTIZER Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA 30602 USA

Recent studies suggest that the energetic demands of long-distance migration might lower the pool of resources available for costly immune defenses. Moreover, migration could amplify the costs of parasitism if animals suffering from para- site-induced damage or depleted energy reserves are less able to migrate long distances. We investigated relationships between long-distance migration, infection, and immunity in wild fall-migrating monarch butterflies Danaus plexippus. Monarchs migrate annually from eastern North America to central Mexico, accumulating lipids essential for migration and winter survival as they travel southward. Monarchs are commonly infected by the debilitating protozoan parasite Ophryocystis elektroscirrha （OE）. We collected data on lipid reserves, parasite loads, and two immune measures （hemocyte concentration and phenoloxidase activity） from wild monarchs migrating through north GA （USA） to ask whether （1） parasite infection negatively affects lipid reserves, and （2） greater investment in lipid reserves is associated with lower immune measures. Results showed that monarchs sampled later in the fall migration had lower but not significantly different immune measures and significantly higher lipid reserves than those sampled earlier. lipid measures correlated negatively but only nearly significantly with one measure of immune defense （phenoloxidase activity） in both healthy and infected monarchs, but did not depend on monarch infection status or parasite load. These results provide weak support for a trade-off between energy reserves and immune defense in migrants, and suggest that previously-demonstrated costs of OE infection for monarch migration are not caused by depleted lipid reserves .

关键词： Butterfly Hemocytes Migration Neogregarine Infection Energy reserves

An ultrasound elastography method for examining the anterior cruciate ligament

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Natural Science 2013年第8期5卷 23-31页

作者： amy l. Cochran Yingxin Gao Center for Applied Mathematics Cornell University Ithaca USA Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University Ithaca USA

We introduce an ultrasound elastography method for examining the ACl. It consisted of imaging the distal ACl while applying a drawer test and analyzing the resulting displacement and strain maps, where a map refers to how a variable is distributed spatially throughout an image. Our method was applied to healthy knees of cadaveric sheep to determine whether 1) our method can consistently generate displacements and strain maps in healthy ACls;2) displacement and strain maps are repeatable;and 3) healthy ACls experience similar maps. We found that our method could consistently provide displacements and strain maps of the distal ACl region. Moreover, these ACls experienced displacement and strain maps that were positively-correlated between trials, knees, and specimens. This correlation was statistically significant between pairs of trials and between left and right knees (p lts suggest that the maps are indeed repeatable and similar for healthy ACls.

关键词： Anterior Cruciate ligament Ultrasound Elastography Strain Imaging Strain Patterns