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Apples to oranges:environmentally derived,dynamic regulation of serotonin neuron subpopulations in adulthood?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2596-2597页

作者： Christopher j.o’Connell Matthew j.Robson Department of Genetics College of MedicineHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA james L.Winkle College of Pharmacy Division of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA Neuroscience Graduate Program College of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).

关键词： sustained orange dynamic

Superplasticity of a friction stir processed overaged WE54 magnesium alloy

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journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2022年第11期10卷 3156-3166页

作者： oscar A.Ruano Marta alvarez-Leal Alberto orozco-Caballero Fernando Carreño Physical Metallurgy Department CENIM-CSICAv.Gregorio del Amo 828040 MadridSpain Department of R&D and programmes Technology Centre of Metal-Mechanical and Transport(CETEMET).Avda.1°de Mayos/n.LinaresJaén2370Spain Department of Mechanical Engineering Chemistry and Industrial DesignPolytechnic University of MadridRonda de Valencia 328012MadridSpain

The coarse-grained WE54 magnesium alloy was heat treated in order to have minimum hardness minimizing the effects of precipitates and solid solution. Friction stir processing(FSP) was applied in severe conditions to obtain fine, equiaxed and highly misoriented grains, with grain sizes even less than 1 μm. The high severity of processing demonstrated to have a strong impact in the microstructure. Consequently,the processed materials exhibited excellent superplasticity at the high strain rate 10^(-2)s^(-1), and temperatures between 300 and 400 ℃. The maximum tensile superplastic elongation of 756% was achieved at 400 ℃ thanks to the operation of grain boundary sliding mechanism(GBS). Besides the new data obtained through tensile testing, the paper deals with a transcendental question regarding the large differences in strain rate values at a given stress in the superplastic regime at maximum elongation compared to other magnesium-based alloys. With this is mind, 19 magnesium alloys from 22 different investigations were analyzed to give some light to this behavior that never was treated before. It is proposed that this behavior has to be attributed to the accommodation process, necessary for GBS to occur, which is hindered by reinforcing solutes.

关键词： WE54 magnesium alloy Friction stir processing Processing severity Superplasticity Grain boundary sliding Solutes

New approaches to identification and characterization of tioconazole in raw material and in pharmaceutical dosage forms

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journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2019年第1期9卷 40-48页

作者： Natalia L.Calvo Vera A.alvarez María C.Lamas Darío Leonardi Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR CONICET-UNR) área Análisis de Medicamentos Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Grupo de Materiales Compuestos Termoplásticos (CoMP) Instituto de Investigaciones de Cienciay Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA CONICET-UNMdP) área Técnica Farmacéutica Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario

Tioconazole(TCZ), a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, has significant activity against Candida albicans and other Candida species, and therefore, it is indicated for the topical treatment of superficial *** main goal of this work is to report an exhaustive identification and characterization procedure to improve and facilitate the online quality control and continuous process monitoring of TCZ in bulk material and loaded in two different dosage forms: ovules and nail lacquer. The methodologies were based on thermal(differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), melting point, and thermogravimetry(TG)),spectroscopic(ultraviolet(UV), Raman, near infrared(NIR), infrared spectroscopy coupled to attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)), microscopic and X-ray diffraction(XRD). The TCZ bulk powder showed a high crystallinity, as observed by XRD, with a particles size distribution(3–95 mm) resolved by microscopic measurements. TCZ melting point(82.8 °C) and a degradation peak centered at 297.8 °C were obtained by DSC and DTG, respectively. An unambiguous structure elucidation of TCZ was obtained by mono-and two-dimensional1 H and13 C NMR spectral data analysis. The FTIR-ATR, Raman and NIR spectra of both the raw material and the commercial products were analyzed and their characteristic bands were tabulated. The best methods for TCZ identification in ovules were DSC, TG, XRD, NIR and Raman, while NIR and FTIR-ATR were the most appropriate techniques to analyze it in the nail lacquer. DSC, TG, DRX, Raman, FTIR-ATR and NIR spectroscopy are effective techniques to be used in online process analysis, because they do not require sample preparation, and they are considerably sensitive to analyze complex samples.

关键词： Tioconazole Identification Characterization Pharmaceutical dosage forms Spectroscopic methods

Fighting type 2 diabetes: Formulation strategies for peptide-based therapeutics

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第2期12卷 621-636页

作者： Carlos Bendicho-Lavilla Iria Seoane-Viano Francisco j.oteroEspinar Asteria Luzardo-alvarez Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Santiago de Compostela(USC)Santiago de Compostela 15782Spain Paraquasil Group Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela(IDIS)Santiago de Compostela 15706Spain Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologySchool of SciencesCampus de LugoUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaLugo 27002Spain

Diabetes mellitus is a major health problem with increasing prevalence at a global *** discovery of insulin in the early 1900 s represented a major breakthrough in diabetes management,with further milestones being subsequently achieved with the identification of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)and the introduction of GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1 RAs)in clinical ***,the subcutaneous delivery of biotherapeutics is a well-established route of administration generally preferred over the intravenous route due to better patient compliance and prolonged drug ***,current subcutaneous formulations of GLP-1 RAs present pharmacokinetic problems that lead to adverse reactions and treatment *** this review,we discuss the current challenges of subcutaneous administration of peptide-based therapeutics and provide an overview of the formulations available for the different routes of administration with improved bioavailability and reduced frequency of administration.

关键词： Type 2 diabetes mellitus Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists Exenatide Subcutaneous administration Amylin mimetics Drug delivery systems Biotherapeutics Peptide delivery Controlled-release formulations Microparticles Nanoparticles

High-temperature mechanical properties of aluminium alloys reinforced with titanium diboride (TiB_2) particles

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Rare Metals 2011年第2期30卷 200-205页

作者： j.ooro Ingeniería y Ciencia de los Materiales ETSI IndustrialesUniversidad Politécnica de Madridc/José Gutiérrez Abascal2.28006 MadridSpain

The physical and mechanical properties of metal matrix composites were improved by the addition of reinforcements. The mechanical properties of particulate-reinforced metal-matrix composites based on aluminium alloys （6061 and 7015） at high temperatures were studied. Titanium diboride （TiB2） particles were used as the reinforcement. All the composites were produced by hot extrusion. The tensile properties and fracture characteristics of these materials were investigated at room temperature and at high temperatures to determine their ultimate strength and strain to failure. The fracture surface was analysed by scanning electron microscopy. TiB2 particles provide high stability of the alumin- ium alloys （6061 and 7015） in the fabrication process. An improvement in the mechanical behaviour was achieved by adding TiB2 particles as reinforcement in both the aluminium alloys. Adding TiB2 particles reduces the ductility of the aluminium alloys but does not change the microscopic mode of failure, and the fracture surface exhibits a ductile appearance with dimples formed by coalescence.

关键词： metal-matrix composites aluminium high-temperature properties titanium diboride

Recycling organic waste in managed tropical forest ecosystems:effects of arboreal litter types on soil chemical properties in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria

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journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1903-1911页

作者： j.o.Azeez Department of Soil Science and Land Management Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta

The aim of this study is to determine the influence of tree litters on soil nutrients in a managed forest in southwestern *** species tree clusters consisted of indigenous species:Gmelina arborea,Tectona grandis,Leucaena leucocephala,Bambusa vulgaris,Treculia africana,Anogeissus leiocarpus were selected and analyzed for their litter and soil chemical properties at 0–5 and 15–30 *** and *** litters have the highest nutrients,while *** and *** are the *** under ***,***,and *** are more acidic due to lower calcium and magnesium contents but have higher manganese and sulphur *** litters improved soil nitrogen,phosphorous,and micro-nutrients but depleted *** lignin and carbon appeared to hinder the release of some ***,potassium and copper are concentrated in the topsoil while others nutrients are not differentiated with soil *** is a positive correlation between litter chemistry and soil chemical *** was concluded that tree litter chemistry differs according to species but determines soil reaction and nutrient *** magnitude of the effect on soil properties is related to the quality of the organic litters.

关键词： Litter chemistry Nutrient stocks Soil chemical properties Tropical trees Biosystems

Effects of Nitrogen Application and Weed Interference on Performance of Some Tropical Maize Genotypes in Nigeria

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Pedosphere 2009年第5期19卷 654-662页

作者： j.o.AZEEZ Department of Soil Science and Land Management University of AgricultureAbeokuta(Nigeria)

Low soil nitrogen （N） and weed infestations are some of the major constraints to maize production in Nigeria. A split-split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replicates was established at two sites with different agroecological zones, Ikenne （Typic Paleudalf） and Shika （Typic Tropaquept）, in Nigeria in 2002 and 2003 rainy seasons to investigate the responses of four maize genotypes （oba super II, Low N pool C2, TZB-SR, and ACR 8328 BN C7） to N fertilizer applied at four rates, 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha^-1, and three weed pressure treatments, no weed pressure （weekly weeding）, low weed pressure （inter-row weekly weeding）, and high weed pressure （no weeding throughout the growing season）. Growth and yield parameters of maize and weeds were taken at flowering and harvest. The results indicated that there was a significant reduction in maize leaf area, leaf area index, and photosynthetically active radiation due to weed interference at both sites. The application of nitrogen at 90 kg N ha^-1 significantly increased maize leaf area. Reductions in maize growth and yield at flowering and harvest were significant due to weed interference at both Ikenne and Shika, thus showing that the reductions in maize growth and yield due to weed interference were not ecological zone specific even though weed species and their seed banks may differ. Ameliorative management options could thus be the same in the two agroecological zones. Application of 90 kg N ha^-1 led to a significant increase in maize grain yield at Shika while there was no fertilizer effect at Ikenne on grain yield. There was no significant difference between 60 and 90 kg N ha^-1, suggesting that 60 kg N ha^-1 could be a possible replacement for the higher fertilizer rate at least for the identified maize genotypes. Low weed pressure treatment led to 26% and 35% reductions in maize grain yield at Ikenne and Shika, respectively, while 22% and 51% reductions, respectively, were observed due

关键词： maize growth maize yield N efficiency soil nitrogen weed pressure

Growth in Infinite Groups of Infinite Subsets

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Algebra Colloquium 2015年第2期22卷 333-348页

作者： j.o. Button Selwyn College University of Cambridge Cambridge CB3 9DQ UK

Given an infinite group G, we consider the finitely additive invariant measure defined on finite unions of cosets of finite index subgroups. We show that this shares many properties with the size of subsets of a finite group, for instance we can obtain equivalent results on the Ruzsa distance and product free sets. In particular, if G has infinitely many finite index subgroups, then it has subsets S of measure arbitrarily close to 1/2 with square S2 having measure less than 1. We also examine properties of the Ruzsa distance on the set of finite index subgroups of an infinite group, whereupon it becomes a genuine metric.

关键词： group product set, Ruzsa distance

SPECTRA oF CoMPoSITIoN GRoUPS oN THE WEIGHTED DIRICHLET SPACE oF THE UPPER HALF-PLANE

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2020年第6期40卷 1739-1752页

作者： M.o.AGWANG j.o.BoNYo Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics Maseno UniversityP.O.BOX 333-40105MasenoKenya

We prove that the group of weighted composition operators induced by continuous automorphism groups of the upper half plane U is strongly continuous on the weighted Dirichlet space of U,Dα(U).Further,we investigate when they are isometries on Dα(U).In each case,we determine the semigroup properties while in the case that the induced composition group is an isometry,we apply similarity theory to determine the spectral properties of the group.

关键词： one-parameter semigroup composition operator semigroups strong continuity infinitesimal generator spectra