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Experimental demonstration of full-field quantum optical coherence tomography

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Photonics Research 2020年第1期8卷 51-56页

作者： ZEFERINO IbARRA-bORJA CARLOS SEVILLA-GuTIéRREZ RObERTO RAMíREZ-ALARCóN HECTOR CRuZ-RAMíREZ alfred b.u'ren Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A.C. Lomadel Bosque 115Colonia Lomas del Campestre37150 LeonGuanajuatoMexico 2lnstituto de Ciencias NuclearesUniversidad Nacional Autonomade MexicoApartado Postal 70-54304510 DFMexico

We present,to the best of our knowledge,the first implementation of full-field quantum optical coherence tomography(FF-QOCT).In our system,we are able to obtain full three-dimensional(3D)information ab.ut the internal structure of a sample under study by relying on transversely resolved Hong–Ou–Mandel(HOM)interferometry with the help of an intensified CCD(ICCD)*** system requires a single axial scan,obtaining full-field transverse single-photon intensity in coincidence with the detection of the sibling photon for each value of the signal-idler temporal *** believe that this capability constitutes a significant step forward toward the implementation of QOCT as a practical biomedical imaging technique.

关键词： technique. quantum system

Submegahertz spectral width photon pair source based on fused silica microspheres

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Photonics Research 2021年第11期9卷 2237-2252页

作者： ERASTO ORTIZ-RICARDO CESAR bERTONI-OCAMPO MONICA MALDONADO-TERRON ARTuRO GARCIA ZuRITA RObERTO RAMIREZ-ALARCON HECTOR CRuZ RAMIREZ R.CASTRO-bELTRAN alfred b.u’ren Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApartado Postal 70-54304510 MexicoD.F.Mexico Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A.C. Loma del Bosque 115Colonia Lomas del Campestre37150 LeonGuanajuatoMexico Departamento de Ingenieria Fisica Cuerpo Academico de Mecanica EstadisticaDivison de Ciencias e IngenieriasUniversidad de Guanajuato37150 LeonGuanajuatoMexico

High-efficiency submegahertz bandwidth photon pair generators will enable the field of quantum technology to transition from laboratory demonstrations to transformational applications involving information transfer from photons to *** spontaneous parametric processes are able to achieve high-efficiency photon pair generation,the spectral bandwidth tends to be relatively large,as defined by phase-matching *** solve this fundamental limitation,we use an ultrahigh quality factor(Q)fused silica microsphere resonant cavity to form a photon pair *** present the full theory for the spontaneous four-wave mixing(SFWM)process in these devices,fully taking into account all relevant source characteristics in our *** exceptionally narrow(down to kilohertz-scale)linewidths of these devices result in a reduction in the bandwidth of the photon pair generation,allowing submegahertz spectral bandwidth to be ***,using a pump source centered around 1550 nm,photon pairs with the signal and idler modes at wavelengths close to 1540 and 1560 nm,respectively,are *** herald a single idler-mode photon by detecting the corresponding signal photon,filtered via transmission through a wavelength division multiplexing channel of *** demonstrate the extraction of the spectral profile of a single peak in the single-photon frequency comb from a measurement of the signal–idler time of emission *** improvements in device design and experimental methods enabled the narrowest spectral width(Δν=366 k Hz)to date in a heralded single-photon source based on SFWM.

关键词： fused silica spectral

Colorectal cancer screening in an academic center compared to the national average

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2015年第11期7卷 356-360页

作者： Manuel O Gonzalez Lilly M Sadri alfred b Leong Smruti R Mohanty Parag Mehta Department of Gastroenterology New York Methodist Hospital Department of Medicine Stony Brook University Hospital Department of Medicine New York Methodist Hospital

AIM: To investigate if the increased emphases on training and education on current colorectal cancer(CRC) screening guidelines has resulted in improved national CRC screening rates in an internal medicine training program,and to determine if the doctor's post graduate year(PGY) level of training affected CRC screening ***: We conducted a cross sectional study of every patient who presented to the outpatient clinic of New York Methodist Hospital,brooklyn,NY,over the span of six continuous weeks in 2011.A questionnaire was integrated into every patient's medical interview that helped determine that patient's current CRC screening status,screening mammography status if applicable,Papanicolaou smear status if applicable,and current pneumococcal vaccination *** the same time,patient demographics were also *** of the questionnaire data was collected at the end of each medical visit and was compiled by a designated *** all the data points were collected,it was ensured that the patient has been seen by his or her continuity care resident at least twice in the *** was then compiled into a secure,encrypted database to then be analyzed by our ***: Data from 547 consecutive clinic visits were *** these,we reviewed 483 charts that met all of the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion *** data was then analyzed for differences between PGY levels,patient's sex,race,and educational *** study population consisted of 138 men and 345 women.35 patients were white(7.40%),174 were black(39.79%) and 264 were Hispanic(55.81%).Our CRC screening rates were: 66% for PGY-1's,72% for PGY-2's and 77% for PGY-3'*** was no statistical difference noted between the three groups(P ≤ 0.05) or was there any difference sex,insurance status or educational *** CRC screening rate was 72% which was not different from the New York State average(P < 0.05).There was a statistically significant higher ra

关键词： Screening Colorectal cancer Post graduate year Res

Noise exposure induced cochlear hair cell death pathways in guinea pig

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Journal of Otology 2010年第1期5卷 51-56页

作者： alfred Nuttall Oregon Hearing Research Center KHRI University of Michigan

Objective To understand the mechanism of noise exposure induced outer hair cells(OHCs) death pathways. Methods Thirty two guinea pigs were used in this study. The animals were either exposed for 4 h/day to broadband noise at 122 db SPL (A-weighted) for 2 consecutive days or perfused with MNNG. After auditory test, the cochleae of animals were dissected. Propidium iodide (PI), a DNA intercalating fluorescent probe, was used to trace morphological changes in OHC nuclei. F-actin staining was used to determine missing OHCs. Caspase-3 was detected in living organ of Corti whole mounts using the fluorescent probe. The single strand DNA (ssDNA) in apoptotic OHCs in guinea pigs and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in hair cells in guinea pigs were examined by immunohistology method. Whole mounts of organ of Corti were prepared. Morphological and fluorescent changes were examined under a confocal microscope. Results (1) both apoptotic and necrotic hair cells appeared following noise exposure. (2) Noise exposure induced single strand DNA in apoptotic OHCs but not in the normal OHCs. (3) Either after noise exposure or after MNNG perfusion, apoptotic OHCs were featured by nuclear condensation or fragmentation with caspase-3 activation, whereas necrotic OHCs were characterized by nuclear swelling without caspase-3 activation. (4) In normal organ of Corti, AIF was located in the mitochondria areas. After noise exposure, AIF was translocated from mitochondria in apoptotic and necrotic OHCs. Conclusion These findings indicate that noise exposure damages DNA in the OHC, which triggers action of Caspase-3. Subsequently, AIF is translocated to the nucleus, leading to DNA damage and OHCs death.

关键词： Noise exposure Outer hair cell Single strand DNA Apoptosis induced factor Caspase.

using pXRF and vis-NIR spectra for predicting properties of soils developed in loess

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Pedosphere 2022年第4期32卷 602-615页

作者： Gafur GOZuKARA Yakun ZHANG alfred E.HARTEMINK university of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Soil ScienceFD Hole Soils Lab1525 Observatory DriveMadison WI 53706USA Eskisehir Osmangazi university Department of Soil Science and Plant NutritionEskisehir 26160Turkey

Visible near-infrared (vis-NIR) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectrometers have been increasingly utilized for predicting soil properties worldwide. However, only a few studies have focused on splitting the predictive models by horizons to evaluate prediction performance and systematically compare prediction performance for A, b, and combined A+b horizons. Therefore, we investigated the performance of pXRF and vis-NIR spectra, as individual or combined, for predicting the clay, silt, sand, total carbon (TC), and pH of soils developed in loess, and compared their prediction performance for A, b, and A+b horizons. Soil samples (176 in A horizon and 172 in b horizon) were taken from Mollisols and Alfisols in 136 pedons in Wisconsin, uSA and analyzed for clay, silt, sand, pH, and TC. The pXRF and vis-NIR spectrometers were used to measure the pXRF and vis-NIR soil spectra. Data were separated into calibration (n = 244, 70%) and validation (n = 104, 30%) datasets. The Savitzky-Golay filter was applied to preprocess the pXRF and vis-NIR spectra, and the first 10 principal components (PCs) were selected through principal component analysis (PCA). Five types of predictor, i.e., PCs from vis-NIR spectra, pXRF of beams at 0–40 and 0–10 keV (XRF40 and XRF10, respectively) spectra, combined XRF40 and XRF10 (XRF40+XRF10) spectra, and combined XRF40, XRF10, and vis-NIR (XRF40+XRF10+vis-NIR) spectra, were compared for predicting soil properties using a machine learning algorithm (Cubist model). A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was applied to predict clay, silt, sand, pH, and TC using pXRF elements. The results suggested that pXRF spectra had better prediction performance for clay, silt, and sand, whereas vis-NIR spectra produced better TC and pH predictions. The best prediction performance for sand (R2= 0.97), silt (R2= 0.95), and clay (R2= 0.84) was achieved using vis-NIR+XRF40+XRF10 spectra in b horizon, whereas the best prediction performance for TC (R2= 0.93)

关键词： Cubist model machine learning algorithm portable X-ray fluorescence spectra soil elements visible near-infrared spectra

Optimal Allocation of Replicates for Measurement Evaluation Studies

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Genomics, Proteomics & bioinformatics 2006年第3期4卷 196-202页

作者： Stanislav O. Zakharkin Kyoungmi Kim alfred A. bartolucci Grier P. Page David b. Allison Department of biostatistics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham AL 35294-0022 USA Division of biostatistics School of Medicine University of California Davis CA 95616-8638 USA Department of biostatistics University of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham AL 35294-0022 USA Clinical Nutrition Research Center Department of Nutrition Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham Birm- ingham AL 35294-3361 USA.

Optimal experimental design is important for the efficient use of modern highthroughput technologies such as microarrays and proteomics. Multiple factors including the reliability of measurement system, which itself must be estimated from prior experimental work, could influence design decisions. In this study, we describe how the optimal number of replicate measures （technical replicates） for each biological sample （biological replicate） can be determined. Different allocations of biological and technical replicates were evaluated by minimizing the variance of the ratio of technical variance （measurement error） to the total variance （sum of sampling error and measurement error）. We demonstrate that if the number of biological replicates and the number of technical replicates per biological sample are variable, while the total number of available measures is fixed, then the optimal allocation of replicates for measurement evaluation experiments requires two technical replicates for each biological replicate. Therefore, it is recommended to use two technical replicates for each biological replicate if the goal is to evaluate the reproducibility of measurements.

关键词： experimental design measurement microarrays proteomics

Dreaming Forward: Postidentity and the Generative Thresholds of Tourism

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Journal of Geographical Research 2020年第4期3卷 8-21页

作者： Keith Hollinshead alfred b.Vellah Independent Scholar Cheshire&WarwickshireEngland Tourism Studies Doctoral StudentThe Business SchoolThe University of BedfordshireEngland

This manuscript from Hollinshead and Vellah calls for researchers in Tourism Studies and related Fields to reflect upon their own role in refreshing the social imaginaries of“after-colonialism”under the nomadisms of our *** in outlook,it positions the“post”of postcolonialism not as an end to colonialism’s imperatives but as a generative-portal through which new-seeds-of-”becoming”are discernable as the postidentities(rather than the“identities”)of populations are interpretable in multidirectional,non-hierarchical,and not easily-predictable *** provoking(after Deleuze)thought per rhizomatic processes(rather than via fixed concepts),the manuscript-critiquing these dynamic matters of“postidentity”-then harnesses the insights of(Leela)Ghandi’s on hybrid-nomadic-subjects,and of Venn on alternative-(com)***,these concerns of and ab.ut“after-colonialism”are critically contextualised within Aboriginal“Australia”,via the views of a pool of Indigenous intellectuals there,who synthesise the disruptive dialectics of belonging-cum-aspiration which they maintain that they and fellow Aboriginal people(of many sorts)face *** this manuscript,the agency and authority of tourism hovers in its sometimes-manifest/sometimes-latent generative power to project empowering postidentities for the world’s“host”or“visited”populations today.

关键词： Postcolonialism Deleuze becoming Palpation Interrelationality Aboriginality the governmentality of tourism The positive inscriptions(of tourism) The flows of possibility(of tourism)

Major Elements in Soils Along a 2.8-km Altitudinal Gradient on the Tibetan Plateau,China

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Pedosphere 2016年第6期26卷 895-903页

作者： WANG Zhaofeng alfred E.HARTEMINK ZHANG Yili ZHANG Hua DING Mingjun Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences university of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Soil ScienceFD Hole Soils Lab Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake and Watershed Resarch Ministry of EducationJiangxi Normal University

There are a series of special mountain soils on the Tibetan Plateau of China in an alpine environment for the high altitude. However, very few studies have focused on major soil elements in relation to soil formation in this area. Aluminum （Al）, iron （Fe）, calcium （Ca）, sodium （Na）, potassium （K） and magnesium （Mg） contents of 237 topsoil samples covering a 2.8-km altitudinal gradient in uncultivated areas along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway of China were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The spatial distribution of the elements and its relationship to the parent rocks and climatic parameters were analyzed. Soils along the gradient are derived from a range of parent materials, but most are less than 30 cm deep with little development （Cambisols）. Soil Al, Fe and Mg contents showed a decreasing trend from the start station （Xining Station） to end station （Lhasa Station） of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, whereas soil K and Na contents were relative stable from Xining Station to the Kunlun Mountains and then increased gradually. Soil Ca content was lower in the southern part of the Tanggula Mountains. The major soil element contents clearly reflected the parent rock and climatic influences. Soils with higher Ca content appeared in areas with Ca-Mg carbonate rocks, soils with higher Al were found in areas with silicate-rich and high-Al silicate clastic rocks and silicate-rich aluminosilicate loose sediments. Soils with higher K and Na contents appeared in areas with high-K, high-Na and silicate-rich aluminosilicate rocks. Soil Na and K contents were affected by temperature, whereas the contents of Mg, Fe, Ca and Al were more affected by precipitation. Soil Na and K contents increased with increasing temperatures, whereas the contents of Mg, Fe, Ca and Al decreased with increasing precipitation. This analysis provides a relationship between soil properties and rapidly changing environmental conditions. The data can be used to investigate the

关键词： alpine environment climate mountain soil parent material precipitation temperature pedogenesis soil formation

Performance of clinical signs and symptoms,rapid and reference laboratory diagnostic tests for diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis by passive screening in Guinea:a prospective diagnostic accuracy study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 117-118页

作者： Oumou Camara Mamadou Camara Laura Cristina Falzon Hamidou Ilb.udo Jacques Kaboré Charlie Franck alfred Compaoré Eric Maurice Fèvre Philippe büscher b.uno bucheton Veerle Lejon Programme National de Lutte contre la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine Conakry Guinea International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Institute of Infection Veterinary and Ecological Sciences University of Liverpool Liverpool UK Clinical Research unit of Nanoro Institute for Health Science Research (IRSS) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Vector-borne Diseases and biodiversity unit International Research and Development Center on Livestock in Sub-Humid Areas (CIRDES) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso unit of Research and Training in Life and Earth Sciences University of Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Department of biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp Belgium uMR Intertryp IRD-CIRAD French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) University of Montpellier Montpellier France

background Passive diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis(HAT)at the health facility level is a major component of HAT control in *** examined which clinical signs and symptoms are associated with HAT,and assessed the performance of selected clinical presentations,of rapid diagnostic tests(RDT),and of reference laboratory tests on dried blood spots(DbS)for diagnosing HAT in *** The study took place in 14 health facilities in Guinea,where 2345 clinical suspects were tested with RDTs(HAT Sero-K-Set,rHAT Sero-Strip,and SD bioline HAT).Seropositives underwent parasitological examination(reference test)to confirm HAT and their DbS were tested in indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay(ELISA)/Trypanosoma b.ucei gambiense,trypanolysis,Loopamp Trypanosoma b.ucei Detection kit(LAMP)and m18S quantitative PCR(qPCR).Multivariable regression analysis assessed association of clinical presentation with ***,specificity,positive and negative predictive values of key clinical presentations,of the RDTs and of the DbS tests for HAT diagnosis were *** The HAT prevalence,as confirmed parasitologically,was 2.0%(48/2345,95%CI:1.5–2.7%).Odds ratios(OR)for HAT were increased for participants with swollen lymph nodes(OR=96.7,95%CI:20.7–452.0),important weight loss(OR=20.4,95%CI:7.05–58.9),severe itching(OR=45.9,95%CI:7.3–288.7)or motor disorders(OR=4.5,95%CI:0.89–22.5).Presence of at least one of these clinical presentations was 75.6%(95%CI:73.8–77.4%)specific and 97.9%(95%CI:88.9–99.9%)sensitive for *** Sero-K-Set,rHAT Sero-Strip,and SD bioline HAT were respectively 97.5%(95%CI:96.8–98.1%),99.4%(95%CI:99.0–99.7%)and 97.9%(95%CI:97.2–98.4%)specific,and 100%(95%CI:92.5–100.0%),59.6%(95%CI:44.3–73.3%)and 93.8%(95%CI:82.8–98.7%)sensitive for *** RDT’s positive and negative predictive values ranged from 45.2–66.7%and 99.2–100%*** DbS tests had specificities≥92.9%.While LAMP and m18S qPCR sensitivities were below 50%,trypanolysis and E

关键词： Human African trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma b.ucei gambiense Diagnosis Clinical Rapid diagnostic test Sensitivity Specificity Dried blood spot Trypanolysis