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Dietary Leucine Requirement of Juvenile Japanese Seabass(Lateolabrax Japonicus)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第1期14卷 121-126页

作者： LI Yan CHENG Zhenyan Mai Kangsen ai qinghui The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education of China) Ocean University of China

A 56-day feeding trial was conducted to examine the dietary leucine requirement of juvenile Japanese seabass in sea- water floating net cages （1.5 m × 1.5 m × 2.0 m）. Six isonitrogenous （crude protein 40%） and isoenergetic （gross energy 20 kJ g-1） diets were formulated to contain different concentrations of leucine （0.9%, 1.49%, 2.07%, 2.70%, 3.30% and 3.88% of dry matter）. Crys- talline L-amino acids were supplemented to simulate the whole body amino acid pattern of Japanese seabass except for leucine. Three groups （30 fish individuals each, 8.0g±0.20g in initial weight） were fed to apparent satiation at 5：00 and 17：30 every day. During the experimental period, the water temperature ranged from 26 to 32℃ and salinity from 26 to 30, and the dissolved oxygen was maintained at 7mgL-l. The results showed that weight gain （WG）, nitrogen retention （NR）, feed efficiency （FE） and protein efficiency ratio （PER） were significantly increased when dietary leucine was increased from 0.90% to 2.70% of dry matter, and then declined. WG was the highest when fish were fed D4 containing 2.70% of leucine. No significant differences were observed in body composition among dietary treatments （P 〉 0.05）. Considering the change of WG, the optimum dietary leucine requirement of juve- nile Japanese seabass was either 2.39% of dry matter or 5.68% of dietary protein.

关键词： growth leucine requirement Japanese seabass

Dietary Protein Requirement of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第2期14卷 325-328页

作者： LIU Xingwang Mai Kangsen LIUFU Zhiguo ai qinghui Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed of Department of Agriculture of China Ocean University of China Guangdong Evergreen Feed Industrial Co. Ltd.

The dietary protein requirement of juvenile turbot(initial average weight, 38.2 g ± 0.1 g) reared indoor in aerated aquaria was determined in this study. Five energy equal experimental diets were formulated with fish meal as protein source, which contained different concentrations of protein(47.2%, 51.0%, 54.6%, 59.3% and 63.6% of dry diet). Three groups of fish with 18 individuals in each, were cultured in 300-L tanks and fed twice a day for 8 weeks. During culture, temperature was controlled between 15.0 and 18.0℃, salinity was controlled between 28.5 and 32.0, acidity was controlled between p H7.8 and p H8.5, and ammonia nitrogen was maintained below 0.03 mg L-1 and dissolved oxygen was maintained about 7 mg L-1. Results showed that the growth of fish was significantly affected by dietary protein content(P aining 63.6% protein showed the highest SGR while those fed the diet containing 59.3% protein showed the highest feed efficiency rate. No significant difference of feed intake and protein efficiency ratio was found among experimental diets(P > 0.05). Broken-line regression analysis of SGR showed that the optimal dietary protein requirement of turbot was about 57.0%.

关键词： turbot Scophthalmus maximus protein requirement feed nutrition

Effects of Dietary Soy Isoflavones on Feed Intake,Growth Performance and Digestibility in Juvenile Japanese Flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第4期11卷 511-516页

作者： Mai Kangsen ZHANG Yanjiao CHEN Wei XU Wei ai qinghui ZHANG Wenbing Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Ministry of Agricultureand the Key Laboratory of MaricultureMinistry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003P.R.China

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary soy isoflavones on feeding intake,growth performance,and digestion of juvenile Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus).Four isonitrogenous(49% crude protein) and isoenergetic(20.1 MJ kg-1) diets were formulated to contain four graded levels of soy isoflavones,namely,0,1,4 and 8 g soy isoflavones in 1 kg of *** diet was randomly fed to triplicate tanks of fish(Initial average weight:2.58 g ± 0.01 g),and each tank was stocked with 35 *** significant difference was observed among diets with levels of 0,1 and 4 g kg-1 soy isoflavones in feed intake,weight gain,feed efficiency ratio(FER),proximate composition of fish whole body and apparent digestibility coefficients(ADC) of nutrients and energy(P>0.05).However,high dietary soy isoflavones level(8 g kg-1) significantly depressed weight gain,FER,whole-body crude lipid content of fish and ADC of nutrients(P<0.05).These results indicate that high level of dietary soy isoflavones(above 4 g kg-1) significantly depresses growth responses and FER of Japanese ***,as the content of soy isoflavones in soybean meal is around 1 to 3 g kg-1,the adverse effects might be neglected when soybean products are used as a fish feed ingredient.

关键词： soy isoflavones feed intake digestibility growth Japanese flounder

Effects of Brown Fish Meal Replacement with Fermented Soybean Meal on Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and Enzyme Activities of Chinese Soft-shelled Turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第2期11卷 227-235页

作者： ZOU Yurong ai qinghui Mai Kangsen ZHANG Wenbing ZHANG Yanjiao XU Wei The Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003P.R.China

A 120-day feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial replacement of brown fish meal (BFM) by fermented soybean meal (FSBM) in diets of Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis). The turtles (initial mean body weight, (115.52 ± 1.05) g) were fed with three experimental diets, in which 0%, 4.72% and 9.44% BFM protein was replaced by 0%, 3% and 6% FSBM, respectively. Results showed that the feeding rate (FR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) of turtles fed with the diet containing 3% FSBM were not significantly different from the control group (0% FSBM) (P > 0.05). However, FR, SGR and FER of turtles fed with the diet containing 6% FSBM were significantly lower than those of the control group (P 0.05). However, the uric acid concentration in turtles fed with the diet containing 3% or 6% FSBM was significantly lower than that in the control group (P 0.05). The results suggested that FSBM could replace 4.72% BFM protein in turtle diets without exerting adverse effects on turtle growth, feed utilization and measured immune parameters.

关键词： Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis brown fish meal replacement fermented soybean meal

Effects of Dietary Corn Gluten Meal on Growth Performance and Protein Metabolism in Relation to IGF-I and TOR Gene Expression of Juvenile Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2013年第3期12卷 418-426页

作者： LUO Yiwen ai qinghui Mai Kangsen ZHANG Wenbing XU Wei ZHANG Yanjiao LIUFU Zhiguo Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Ministry of Agriculture of ChinaOcean University of China

A growth experiment was conducted on cobia(Rachycentron canadum,initial weight 108.2 g ± 3.0 g) to investigate the effects of dietary corn gluten meal(CGM) levels on the fish growth,whole body composition and protein metabolism in relation to specific gene *** isonitrogenous(crude protein 45%) and isoenergetic(gross energy 20 kJ g 1) practical diets were formulated by replacing 0%(the control),17.5%,35.0%,52.5%,and 70.0% of fish meal(FM) protein with CGM *** significant differences were observed in the survival,feed intake(FI),specific growth rate(SGR),feed efficiency(FE) and protein productive value(PPV) among fish fed diets with 0%,17.5%,35.0%,and 52.5% of CGM ***,these indices were significantly lower in fish fed the diet with 70.0% of CGM protein than those in fish fed the control diet(P ainable cobia dietary formulations.

关键词： Cobia corn gluten meal growth performance protein metabolism gene expression

Effects of Dietary Vitamin D_(3)on Growth Performance,Immune Status,and Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Litopenaeus vannamei Under Different Salinity Conditions

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2023年第4期22卷 1023-1033页

作者： LIU Miao ZHANG Hui SHAO Rui ZHOU Xueqi ZHOU Qicun Mai Kangsen ai qinghui WAN Min Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed Ministry of Agriculture&Key Laboratory of MaricultureMinistry of EducationCollege of FisheriesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Laboratory of Fish and Shellfish Nutrition School of Marine SciencesNingbo UniversityNingbo 315211China

Vitamin D_(3)(VD_(3)) plays a vital role in various physiological processes in addition to its role in regulating the homeostasis of calcium and *** present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary VD_(3) on growth performance,immune status and the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in Litopenaeus vannamei under the optimal salinity(25)and high salinity(35)***(2.1 g±0.1 g)were fed with experimental diets containing 0,1500,6000 and 12000IUkg^(−1)VD_(3) for 30 days under two salinity conditions *** results showed that the growth performance and intestinal health were reduced,while oxidative stress was induced in the shrimp cultured at salinity 35 compared to those in the shrimp cultured at salinity ***,dietary supplementation of 1500 IU kg^(−1)VD_(3) at salinity 35 promoted the growth performance,improved the intestinal health,and enhanced the antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity in *** addition,the content of inorganic phosphorus in shrimp serum was affected by dietary VD_(3) independent of *** contrast,the expressions of calcium transport-related genes,including calmodulin and Ca2+-ATPase,were regulated by salinity,instead of dietary VD_(3).In conclusion,an appropriate supplementation of dietary VD_(3) under high-salt condition can promote the growth,alleviate intestinal inflammation,enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity,and contribute to phosphorus metabolism in ***.

关键词： vitamin D_(3) Penaeus vannamei salinity antioxidant capacity immunity metabolism intestinal health

TAT Improves in vitro Transportation of Fortilin Through Midgut and into Hemocytes of White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2012年第2期11卷 197-204页

作者： ZHOU Yi ZHANG Wenbing Mai Kangsen XU Wei ZHANG Yanjiao ai qinghui WANG Xiaojie The Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Education Ministry of China) Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003P.R.China

Fortilin is a multifunctional protein implicated in many important cellular processes. Since injection of Pm-fortilin reduces shrimp mortality caused by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), there is potential application of fortilin in shrimp culture. In the present study, in order to improve trans-membrane transportation efficiency, the protein transduction domain of the transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide was fused to fortilin. The Pichia pastoris yeast expression system, which is widely accepted in animal feeds, was used for production of recombinant fusion protein. Green fluorescence protein (GFP) was selected as a reporter because of its intrinsic visible fluorescence. The fortilin, TAT and GFP fusion protein were constructed. Their trans-membrane transportation efficiency and effects on immune response of shrimp were analyzed in vitro. Results showed that TAT peptide improved in vitro uptake of fortilin into the hemocytes and midgut of Litopenaeus vannamei. The phenoloxidase (PO) activity of hemocytes incubated with GFP-Fortilin or GFP-Fortilin-TAT was significantly increased compared with that in the control without expressed fortilin. The PO activity of hemocytes incubated with 200 μg mL-1 GFP-Fortilin-TAT was significantly higher than that in the group with the same concentration of GFP-Fortilin. Hemocytes incubated with GFP-Fortilin-TAT at all concentrations showed significantly higher nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity than those in the control or in the GFP-Fortilin treatment. The present in vitro study indicated that TAT fusion protein improved the immune effect of fortilin.

关键词： shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei TAT fortilin immunity

Rearing in intermediate salinity enhances immunity and disease-resistance of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2011年第4期30卷 122-128页

作者： ZHANG Yanjiao Mai Kangsen MA Hongming ai qinghui ZHANG Wenbing XU Wei Key Laboratory of Mariculture Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

Studies were conducted to investigate the non-specific immune responses and disease-resistance of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus,cultured at four different salinities（8,20,32 and 40） . Three concentrations（3.75 × 10 7,3.75 × 10 8 and 3.75 × 10 9 CFU/ml） of Vibrio anguillarum suspension were employed at each salinity to determine the 4-day LD 50 . The serum lysozyme activity,the alternative complement pathway activity（ACH50） and the phagocytosis percentage of head kidney in turbot were tested at 24,48 and 72 h post-challenge of V. anguillarum（1.1 × 10 8 CFU/ml,0.1 ml） ,respectively,to evaluate the non-specific immune responses at the selected rearing salinities. Fish reared at salinity 20 had the lowest mortality,namely,the highest 4-day LD 50 value（8.88 ± 0.17） . Besides,the lysozyme activity,ACH50 and the phagocytosis of turbot were the highest at the salinity 20,but with the lowest at the salinity 40 treatment regardless of sampling time. In addition,the non-specific immune activities kept increasing within 72 h post-challenge of V. anguillarum,except that the lysozyme activity increased from 24 to 48 h,and then decreased from 48 to 72 h at 40 significantly. These results together indicate that rearing in intermediate salinity（20） was able to enhance the immunity and disease-resistance of turbot.

关键词： Scophthalmus maximus salinity immunity disease-resistance Vibrio anguillarum

Proline with or without Hydroxyproline Influences Collagen Concentration and Regulates Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase α(I) Gene Expression in Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L.)

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2015年第3期14卷 541-548页

作者： ZHANG Kaikai Mai Kangsen XU Wei ZHOU Huihui LIUFU Zhiguo ZHANG Yanjiao PENG Mo ai qinghui The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education of China) Ocean University of China

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary proline(Pro), and Pro and hydroxyproline(Hyp) in combination on the growth performance, total Hyp and collagen concentrations of tissues, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase α(I)(P4H α(I)) gene expression in juvenile turbot feeding high plant protein diets. A diet containing 50% crude protein and 12% crude lipid was formulated as the basal and control, on which other two protein and lipid contents identical experimental diets were formulated by supplementing the basal with either 0.75% Pro(Pro-0.75) or 0.75% Pro and 0.75% Hyp(Pro+Hyp). Four groups of fish in indoor seawater recirculating systems, 35 individuals each, were fed twice a day to apparent satiation for 10 weeks. The results showed that dietary Pro and Hyp supplementation had no significant effect on growth performance and feed utilization of juvenile turbot(P > 0.05). Total Hyp and collagen concentrations in muscle were significantly increased when dietary Pro and Hyp increased(P < 0.05), and fish fed diet Pro+Hyp showed significantly higher free Hyp content in plasma than those fed other diets(P < 0.05). The expression of P4 H α(I) gene in liver and muscle was significantly up regulated in fish fed diet Pro-0.75 in comparison with control(P < 0.05); however the gene was significantly down regulated in fish fed diet Pro+Hyp in muscle in comparison with fish fed diet Pro-0.75(P < 0.05). It can be concluded that supplement of crystal L-Pro and L-Hyp to high plant protein diets did not show positive effects on growth performance of juvenile turbot, but enhanced total collagen concentrations in muscle.

关键词： proline hydroxyproline juvenile turbot high plant protein collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase α(I)