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Dramatic changes in anatomical traits of a C4 grass Chrysopogon serrulatus Trin.(Poaceae)over a 1000 m elevational gradient

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第5期20卷 1316-1335页

作者： FATIMA Sana HAMEED Mansoor ahmad Farooq ahmad muhammad sajid aqeel ANWAR Majid MUNIR Mahwish ASHRAF muhammad SHAH Syed Mohsan Raza BASHARAT Sana ahmad Iftikhar KHALIL Sangam Department of Botany Government Sadiq College Women UniversityBahawalpur 53100Pakistan Department of Botany University of Agriculture FaisalabadFaisalabad 38040Pakistan Department of Pharmacy Riphah International University Lahore 53770Pakistan Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering The University of LahoreLahore 53770Pakistan Department of Botany Division of Science and TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore 53770Pakistan Department of Forestry Range&Wildlife ManagementThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur 53100Pakistan

Chrysopogon serrulatus(false beard-grass)is a dominant component of vegetation in the foothills of the *** study whole plant morphology,individuals of *** were collected from three plots at each of six locations spanning from 400 to 1,400 *** population colonizing the highest elevation modifications in different plant *** showed increased metaxylem number and *** the stem,especially outside of the vascular tissue,there was intensive sclerification indicative of increased xeromorphy as a survival *** the highest elevation,leaves were wider;aerenchyma formation and increased sclerification were noted in the leaf sheath;and a greater proportion of storage parenchyma was observed in the leaf blade,all indicators of *** contrast,leaves at lower elevations had xeric morphological features such as increased epidermal thickness,sclerification and more developed metaxylem *** conclusion,shifting of morphological features in below-and above-ground plant parts of *** were linked to shifts in environmental factors along this elevation gradient,thus enabling the successful distribution of this species along this elevation gradient.

关键词： Adaptive component Storage parenchyma Sclerification Metaxylem Aerenchyma

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Alternative Strategy for Development of Dielectric Calcium Copper Titanate‑Based Electrolytes for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 310-332页

作者： sajid Rauf muhammad Bilal Hanif Zuhra Tayyab Matej Veis MAKYousaf Shah Naveed Mushtaq Dmitry Medvedev Yibin Tian Chen Xia Martin Motola Bin Zhu College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaIlkovicova684215 BratislavaSlovakia Energy Storage Joint Research Center School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096People’s Republic of China Hydrogen Energy Laboratory Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry620066 EkaterinburgRussia School of Microelectronics Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062People’s Republic of China

The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of *** has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of *** this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this *** individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting *** is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–***,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–*** study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.

关键词： LT-SOFCs Dielectric CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12) Semiconductor Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ) Ionic conductivity Heterostructure electrolyte

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One-dimensional quantum walks with a position-dependent coin

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2020年第6期72卷 18-28页

作者： Rashid ahmad Uzma Sajjad muhammad sajid Department of Physics Kohat University of Science and TechnologyKohat 26000Khyber-PakhtunkhwaPakistan

We investigate the evolution of a discrete-time one-dimensional quantum walk driven by a position-dependent *** rotation angle,which depends upon the position of a quantum particle,parameterizes the coin *** different values of the rotation angle,we observe that such a coin leads to a variety of probability distributions,***,periodic,classicallike,semi-classical-like,and ***,we study the Shannon entropy associated with position and the coin space of a quantum particle,and compare them with the case of the position-independent *** results show that the entropy is smaller for most values of the rotation angle as compared to the case of the position-independent *** also study the effect of entanglement on the behavior of probability distribution and Shannon entropy by considering a quantum walk with two identical position-dependent entangled *** observe that in general,a wave function becomes more localized as compared to the case of the positionindependent coin and hence the corresponding Shannon entropy is *** results show that a position-dependent coin can be used as a controlling tool of quantum walks.

关键词： quantum walk position-dependent coin Shannon entropy

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Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical properties of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints

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China Foundry 2023年第1期20卷 29-39页

作者： muhammad Waqas Hanif ahmad Wasim muhammad sajid Salman Hussain muhammad Jawad Mirza Jahanzaib Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and Technology TaxilaPunjabPakistan

Al7075-Cu composite joints were prepared by the squeeze overcast *** effects of melt temperature,die temperature,and squeeze pressure on hardness and ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints were *** experimental results depict that squeeze pressure is the most significant process parameter affecting the hardness and *** optimal values of UTS(48 MPa)and hardness(76 HRB)are achieved at a melt temperature of 800℃,a die temperature of 250℃,and a squeeze pressure of 90 *** electron microscopy(SEM)shows that fractured surfaces show flatfaced morphology at the optimal experimental ***-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)analysis depicts that the atomic weight percentage of Zn decreases with an increase in melt temperature and squeeze *** optimal mechanical properties of the Al7075-Cu overcast joint were achieved at the Al2Cu eutectic phase due to the large number of copper atoms that dispersed into the aluminum melt during the solidification process and the formation of strong intermetallic *** relational analysis integrated with the Taguchi method was used to develop an optimal set of control variables for multi-response parametric *** tests were performed to validate the effectiveness of the employed *** manufacturing of squeeze overcast Al7075-Cu composite joints at optimal process parameters delivers a great indication to acknowledge a new method for foundry practitioners to manufacture materials with superior mechanical properties.

关键词： squeeze overcast joints Al7075-Cu composite joints mechanical properties gray relational analysis Taguchi method

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Manufacturing feature-based cost estimation of cast parts

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China Foundry 2018年第6期15卷 464-469页

作者： muhammad sajid ahmad Wasim Salman Hussain Mirza Jahanzaib Department of Industrial Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila Pakistan 47050

Seventy percent of new product cost is committed in the design phase. Therefore, the cost needs to be minimized. Incorporating accurate cost estimation capabilities into manufacturing processes can help industries to minimize the cost and optimize the design. The casting process has been employed as a key process to manufacture parts having the advantage of low cost and customized products in foundry industry. This paper presents a cost estimation system for the casting process based on the design features, which incorporates the casting information at the design stage of castings. It aims to deliver the best cost-effective choice for casting design features of a product. Two kinds of knowledge, namely economical knowledge(describing the relation between the casting design considerations and the cost) and technical knowledge(involving the material of the casting features) were structured in this research work. On the basis of the minimum product cost, casting material selection can be carried out in detail. The developed system has been validated through an industrial case study.

关键词： cost estimation model casting process design features

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Heat Transfer Enhancement of an Automobile Engine Radiator using ZnO Water Base Nanofluids

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Journal of Thermal Science 2020年第4期29卷 1010-1024页

作者： muhammad QASIM muhammad sajid KAMRAN muhammad AMMAR muhammad ALI JAMAL muhammad YASAR JAVAID Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahore 54890Pakistan Department of Chemical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology Government College UniversityFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

In this research paper, the forced convective heat transfer enhancement of a Suzuki Mehran(VXR) 2016 radiator(heat exchanger) along with pressure drop and friction factor by utilizing Zinc oxide(Zn O) water based nanofluids has been experimentally studied. Three types of nanofluids with different volumetric concentrations of Zn O nanoparticles(0–0.3%) were employed in order to understand its effect on heat transfer enhancement. The experimental setup was completely designed as closely as possible to the car cooling system. The experimentation has been done under laminar flow conditions(186≤Re≤1127) at different fluid volume flow rates(2–12 L/min) and constant fluid inlet temperature(70°C) to the automobile radiator. A maximum enhancement in heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number was obtained up to 41%, 50% and 31% by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles respectively. On the other hand, the mean enhancement in pressure drop and friction factor was obtained up to 47% and 46% by using nanofluid with the same volumetric concentration of nanoparticles i.e. 0.2% respectively. The experimental results also revealed that the heat transfer rate, overall heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number of nanofluids increases by increasing the volume flow rates and volumetric concentration of nanoparticles. However, these thermal performance parameters of nanofluids started to decline when the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles was increased from 0.2% to 0.3%. Furthermore, pressure drop and friction factor of nanofluids increase by increasing the volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, while pressure drop increases and friction factor decreases by increasing the volume flow rate of nanofluids respectively. At the end, the thermal efficiency of automobile radiator with high cooling rates was obtained by using nanofluid with 0.2% volumetric concentration of nanoparticles.

关键词： ZnO nanoparticles heat transfer enhancement thermal efficiency automobile radiator

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Evaluation of state and community/private forests in Punjab, Pakistan using geospatial data and related techniques

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 155-167页

作者： Naeem Shahzad Urooj Saeed Hammad Gilani sajid Rashid ahmad Irfan Ashraf Syed muhammad Irteza World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Institute of Geology University of the Punjab International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Background： Forests are fundamental in maintaining water supplies, providing economic goods, mitigating climate change, and maintaining biodiversity, thus providing many of the world＇s poorest with income, food and medicine. Too often, forested lands are treated as ＂wastelands＂ or ＂free＂ and are easily cleared for agricultural and infrastructure expansion. Methods： In this paper, the sustainability of two forest ecosystems （state and community/private owned） was evaluated using SPOT-5 satellite images of 2005 and 2011. This study was conducted in a sub-watershed area covering 468 km2, of which 201 km2 is managed by the state and 267 km2 by community/private ownership in the Murree Galliat region of Punjab Province of Pakistan. A participatory approach was adopted for the delineation and demarcation of forest boundaries. The Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis （GEOBIA） technique was used for identification and mapping of ten Land Cover （LC） features. Results： The results show that between the years 2005 to 2011, a total of 55 km2 （24 km2 in state-owned forest and 31 km2 in community/private forest） was converted from forest to non-forest. The conclusion is that conservation is more effective in state-owned forests than in the community/private forests. Conclusions： These findings may help to mobilize community awareness and identify effective initiatives for improved management of community/private forest land for other regions of Pakistan.

关键词： Forest management SPOT-5 satellite images State and community/private owned forests Murree Galliat Pakistan

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Numerical Analysis for the Effect of Irresponsible Immigrants on HIV/AIDS Dynamics

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第5期36卷 1479-1496页

作者： muhammad Tariq Ali Dumitru Baleanu muhammad Rafiq Jan Awrejcewicz Nauman Ahmed Ali Raza muhammad sajid Iqbal muhammad Ozair ahmad Department of Mathematics Barani Institute of SciencesBurewalaPakistan Department of Mathematics Cankaya UniversityBalgatAnkara06530Turkey Department of Medical Research China Medical UniversityTaichung40402Taiwan Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bucharest077125Romania Department of Mathematics Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Central PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Department of Automation Biomechanics and MechatronicsLodz University of Technology1/15 Stefanowskiego St.90-924 LodzPoland Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of Mathematics Govt.Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Graduate College WazirabadPunjab Higher Education Department(PHED)Lahore54000Pakistan H&BS MCSNational University of Science and Technology(NUST)H-12IslamabadHumayun RoadRawalpindi46000Pakistan

The human immunodeﬁciency viruses are two species of Lentivirus that infect *** time,they cause acquired immunodeﬁciency syndrome,a condition in which progressive immune system failure allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to *** immunodeﬁciency virus infection came from a type of chimpanzee in Central *** show that immunodeﬁciency viruses may have jumped from chimpanzees to humans as far back as the late *** decades,human immunodeﬁciency viruses slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the *** Susceptible-Infected-Recovered(SIR)models are signiﬁcant in studying disease *** this paper,we have studied the effect of irresponsible immigrants on HIV/AIDS dynamics by formulating and considering different ***,Runge Kutta,and a Non-standardﬁnite difference(NSFD)method are developed for the same *** experiments are performed at disease-free and endemic equilibria points at different time step sizes‘ℎ’.The results reveal that,unlike Euler and Runge Kutta,which fail for large time step sizes,the proposed Non-standardﬁnite difference(NSFD)method gives a convergence solution for any time step *** proposed numerical method is bounded,dynamically con-sistent,and preserves the positivity of the continuous solution,which are essential requirements when modeling a prevalent disease.

关键词： SIR model existence analysis numerical methods stability analysis

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Numerical Analysis of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCov) Pandemic Model with Advection

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第6期67卷 2933-2953页

作者： Shumaila Azam Nauman Ahmed Ali Raza muhammad sajid Iqbal muhammad Rafiq Ilyas Khan Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar muhammad Ozair ahmad Zafar Iqbal Department of Mathematics and Statistics The University of LahoreLahorePakistan Department of Mathematics National College of Business Administration and Economics LahorePakistan Faculty of Engineering University of Central Punjab Lahore Pakistan Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics Ton Duc Thang UniversityHo Chi Minh City72915Vietnam Department of Mathematics College of Arts and Science at Wadi AldawaserPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University11991AlkharjKingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahorePakistan

Recently,the world is facing the terror of the novel corona-virus,termed as *** health institutes and researchers are continuously striving to control this *** this article,the SEIAR(susceptible,exposed,infected,symptomatically infected,asymptomatically infected and recovered)infection model of COVID-19 with a constant rate of advection is studied for the disease propagation.A simple model of the disease is extended to an advection model by accommodating the advection process and some appropriate parameters in the *** continuous model is transposed into a discrete numerical model by discretizing the domains,*** analyze the disease dynamics,a structure preserving non-standard finite difference scheme is *** steady states of the continuous system are described i.e.,virus free steady state and virus existing steady *** results show that both the steady states of the numerical design coincide with the fixed points of the continuous SEIAR *** of the state variables is ensured by applying the M-matrix theory.A result for the positivity property is *** the proposed numerical design,two different types of the stability are *** stability and linear stability for the projected scheme is examined by applying some standard *** Neuman stability test is applied to ensure linear *** reproductive number is described and its pivotal role in stability analysis is also *** and convergence of the numerical model is also *** graphs are presented via computer simulations to prove the worth and efficiency of the quarantine factor is explored graphically,which is helpful in controlling the disease *** the end,the conclusion of the study is also rendered.

关键词： 2019-nCov infectious model with advection reproductive number stability analysis numerical graphs

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Underground communication:Long non-coding RNA signaling in the plant rhizosphere

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Plant Communications 2024年第7期5卷 28-51页

作者： muhammad Fahad Leeza Tariq sajid muhammad Liang Wu Hainan Institute Zhejiang UniversitySanyaHainan 572000China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources College of Agriculture and BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology Institute of BiotechnologyZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have emerged as integral gene-expression regulators underlying plant growth,development,and *** adapt to the heterogeneous and dynamic rhizosphere,plants use interconnected regulatory mechanisms to optimally fine-tune gene-expression-governing interactions with soil biota,as well as nutrient acquisition and heavy metal ***,high-throughput sequencing has enabled the identification of plant lncRNAs responsive to rhizosphere biotic and abiotic ***,we examine lncRNA biogenesis,classification,and mode of action,highlighting the functions of lncRNAs in mediating plant adaptation to diverse rhizosphere *** then discuss studies that reveal the significance and target genes of lncRNAs during developmental plasticity and stress responses at the rhizobium interface.A comprehensive understanding of specific lncRNAs,their regulatory targets,and the intricacies of their functional interaction networks will provide crucial insights into how these transcriptomic switches fine-tune responses to shifting rhizosphere *** ahead,we foresee that single-cell dissection of cell-type-specific lncRNA regulatory dynamics will enhance our understanding of the precise developmental modulation mechanisms that enable plant rhizosphere *** future challenges through multi-omics and genetic approaches will more fully reveal the integral roles of lncRNAs in governing plant adaptation to the belowground environment.

关键词： biotic and abiotic cues heavy metals long non-coding RNAs nutrients phytoremediation rhizosphere microbiome

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