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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第4期11卷 96-103页

作者： Kuan Qin Weimin Ding fiaz ahmad Zhichao Fang College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityJiangsu ProvinceNanjing 210031China Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan

One major constraint in developing a combine harvester cum seed drill(CHCSD)is the limited space available for the attachment of no-till furrow *** the straw stubble cutting and furrow opening performance of small-sized disc furrow openers is critically important for the development and the optimization of the no-till seeding assemblies.A set of down-scaled sliding knife notch-type disc opener(SKO),modified notch-type disc opener(MNO)and smooth-type disc opener(SDO),with upper size limit of 160 mm,were designed and fabricated for field *** results show that for small-sized disc furrow openers of the same type,a larger disc diameter yields a greater furrow depth and *** small-sized disc furrow openers with an identical diameter,SKOs yield a greater furrow depth and width than MNOs,with SDOs yielding the lowest *** measured furrow depth and width for an SKO with diameter of 160 mm are 3.52 cm and 3.56 cm,respectively,meeting the no-tillage furrowing requirements for a *** highest stubble cover rate of 62.5%is obtained for the SKO with diameter of 160 ***,this opener has greater ability to remove stubble from the furrow and seeding band than the other ***,experimental results of the stubble cutting rates confirm that,for irregularly placed straw and residue,the stubble cutting rate of the SKO with diameter of 160 mm is the highest at 61.7%.

关键词： no-tillage small-sized disc furrow opener furrow type stubble removal

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用于蛋白质结晶的形核剂研究综述

材料导报 2018年第11期32卷 1820-1826页

作者：石苗侯海 fiaz ahmad 尹大川西北工业大学生命学院、空间生物实验模拟技术国防重点学科实验室西安710072

获取蛋白质晶体是蛋白质三维结构解析、医疗药品生产、自组装纳米体系构建等过程中重要的步骤。例如,利用X射线衍射技术对蛋白质进行三维结构解析时,首先需要通过结晶条件筛选,获得质量较高的蛋白质晶体,进而进行衍射得到蛋白质结构相... 详细信息

获取蛋白质晶体是蛋白质三维结构解析、医疗药品生产、自组装纳米体系构建等过程中重要的步骤。例如,利用X射线衍射技术对蛋白质进行三维结构解析时,首先需要通过结晶条件筛选,获得质量较高的蛋白质晶体,进而进行衍射得到蛋白质结构相关信息。蛋白质结晶需要经历从未饱和区经亚稳区至形核区的形核过程以及从形核区到亚稳区的生长成熟过程。在整个蛋白质结晶过程中,形核过程是至关重要的一步。均相形核过程中,结晶体系中各个部分形核概率相同,当蛋白质结晶体系中溶液的过饱和度足够克服形核势垒时,在形核区发生成核,因而在低浓度的结晶溶液体系中,均相形核存在一定的局限性。形核剂的添加使蛋白质晶体异相形核,相较于均相形核其需要克服的阻力小,形核势垒低。因而形核剂的使用对于难结晶蛋白或者起始浓度过低的蛋白质结晶具有重要意义。随着结构生物学的发展,形核剂在蛋白质结晶中的研究仍是结晶方法学领域的热点问题。多孔微球对蛋白质分子的吸附作用有利于无序蛋白质分子团簇的形成,进而促进蛋白质形核。添加多孔微球不但可以增加结晶条件筛选数,也可以提高晶体质量。促进蛋白质分子有序排列的形核剂籽晶的使用,使晶体的形核生长过程始终处于结晶体系溶液浓度较低的状态,而交联的籽晶因为稳定性更高而更有应用前景。新型交互扩散结晶板中,蛋白质结晶体系通过一个较缓慢的交互扩散过程实现蛋白质结晶溶液浓度的变化,并且结晶体系可达到共平衡,因而能显著提高蛋白质晶体结晶条件筛选数和晶体质量:蛋白酶K结晶条件数由39个提升至47个,分辨率由1.66提升至1.54。利用基底材料的一些特性,如静电作用、疏水作用和氢键,可以起到促进蛋白质分子聚集的功能,从而促进形核。本文从物理作用和化学作用两个角度详细总结了形核剂对蛋白质结晶的影响,并展望了该领域的发展前景及研究方向。

关键词：蛋白质结晶结晶方法学形核剂

Sowing uniformity of bed-type pneumatic maize planter at various seedbed preparation levels and machine travel speeds

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第1期14卷 165-171页

作者： fiaz ahmad Muhammad Adeel Baijing Qiu Jing Ma Muhammad Shoaib Aamir Shakoor Farman Ali Chandio School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan Department of Farm Power and Machinery Sindh Agriculture UniversityTando Jam 70060Pakistan

Precision planters are important machines in the regime of modern technological *** conditions,seed metering system and machine operating parameters affect the pneumatic planter *** pneumatic planter was evaluated to determine the effect of three tillage levels(L1,L2,and L3)and four travel speeds(S1,S2,S3 and S4).The sowing uniformity of the planter was observed with respect to the horizontal distribution of seeds within a row and described by using the precision index(Ip),the multiple index(Imult),the miss-seeding index(Imiss)and the quality of feed index(Iqf).The results revealed that the tillage levels(L)and travel speed(S)had a significant effect(p<0.05)on dependent *** maximum Imiss(22.12%)was observed at L1 and S4 whereas the maximum Imult was observed at L1 and *** mean values of missing-,multi-,quality-feed and precision indices were 5.14%,5.833%,89.03%and 17.85%at L3,*** mean values of multi-index 17.59%,14.44%,12.40%and 10.18%,quality feed index 74.07%,75.92%,75.74%and 74.07%and precision indices 21.47%,23.26%,25.51%and 28.53%were at S1,S2,S3 and S4,*** study showed that maize could be seeding within an acceptable precise range by bed-type pneumatic planter subjected to the proper seedbed preparation level.

关键词： sowing uniformity pneumatic planter tillage levels travel speed

Predicting 3D forces of disc tool and soil disturbance area using fuzzy logic model under sensor based soil-bin

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 77-84页

作者： Farman Ali Chandio Yaoming Li Lizhang Xu Zheng Ma fiaz ahmad Do Minh Cuong Imran Ali Lakhiar School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu 212013China Department of Farm Power and Machinery Faculty of Agricultural EngineeringSindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam70060 SindhPakistan Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan University of Agriculture and Forestry Hue UniversityHue 54000Vietnam

A knowledge-based fuzzy logic model was developed on experimental data and used to predict the draft,side and vertical forces and soil disturbance area by disc tillage tool *** laboratory research work was conducted to evaluate the performance of the disc tool at three working speeds(1.25 m/s,1.98 m/s and 2.47 m/s,respectively)and depths(0-5 cm,5-10 cm and 10-15 cm,respectively)on paddy soil under soil-bin ***,draft(Fx),side(Fz)and vertical(Fy)forces of disc and soil disturbance area were assessed and predicted towards working speeds and depths.A fuzzy prediction model with two input variables(speed and depth)and four output variables was developed and the Mamdani inference approach was ***,side and vertical forces of disc and soil disturbance area were positively responded 0.97,0.95 and 0.84 and 0.99,*** prediction results showed a close relationship between measured and predicted ***,the measured and predicted results revealed that the draft,side,vertical forces,and soil disturbance area slightly increased,while increasing the speed and depth of the disc ***,disc forces and soil disturbed area were highly significant(p<0.05)for higher speed towards *** was concluded that the fuzzy model may be introduced for predicting the disc forces and soil disturbance area during the disc tillage tool operation with high accuracy.

关键词： disc tillage tool ANN fuzzy model 3D forces sensor soil bin soil disturbance area

Comparison of nutrient use efficiency,antioxidant assay,and nutritional quality of butter-head lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.)in five cultivation systems

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 95-103页

作者： Mazhar H.Tunio Jianmin Gao Tarek M.K.Mohamed fiaz ahmad Irfan Abbas Sher Ali Shaikh School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the comparison of nutrient use efficiency,antioxidant assay,and nutritional quality of butter-head lettuce in five cultivation *** this experimental study,a split-boxes experimental arrangement in a completely randomized design(CRD)with three aeroponics systems(high pressure(T1),low pressure(T2),and ultrasonic nozzle(T3)),hydroponic system(T4),and conventional cultivation system(T5)was *** analyses of variance(ANOVA)were employed to assess yield,chlorophyll content,relative water content(RWC),nutrient use efficiency(NUE),2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DDPH),Hydrogen Peroxide(H2O2),Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power(FRAP),total phenolic(TPC),flavonoid content(TFC)and nutritional quality of butter-head *** experimental comparative results indicated that the shoot and root(fresh and dry)weight,root-to-shoot ratio,chlorophyll contents,CWC,NUE,DDPH,H 2O 2,FRAP,TPC,TFC,nitrate,vitamin C,and protein level were significantly(p0.7)among the Shoot(FW),Chlorophyll,RWC,NUE,and among TPC,TFC,DDPH,H 2O 2,and *** study demonstrates that butter-head lettuce grown in aeroponics systems with high-pressure nozzles may serve as a potential dietary source and is rich in natural antioxidants.

关键词： aeroponics high-pressure nozzle phenolic content antioxidants lettuce

Overview of the aeroponic agriculture-An emerging technology for global food security

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Imran Ali Lakhiar Jianmin Gao Tabinda Naz Syed Farman Ali Chandio Mazhar Hussain Tunio fiaz ahmad Kashif Ali Solangi School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina

Traditionally,crops are cultivated in soil-based open field ***,environmental degradation,urbanization,and food security issues have replaced open-field systems with modern plant production *** culture is one of the modern plant production systems,which involves much higher use of available *** presented study provides information about currently accessible soilless systems and discussed the aeroponic *** to other soilless systems,aeroponic reduce water usage through continuous water ***,the aeroponic is not entirely implemented among local farmers,and very few farmers have adopted the system due to the lack of research and technical information available in the ***,this study was planned to provide information about the development and maintenance tasks required for practicing the aeroponic *** study could provide knowledge to the researchers,farmers,and those people interested in practicing the aeroponic system.

关键词： aeroponic food security hydroponic soilless culture substrate culture

Influences of moisture content and compressive loading speed on the mechanical properties of maize grain orientations

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第5期14卷 41-49页

作者： Farman Ali Chandio Yaoming Li Zheng Ma fiaz ahmad Tabinda Naz Syed Sher Ali Shaikh Mazhar Hussain Tunio School of Agricultural Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212000JiangsuChina Faculty of Agricultural Engineering Sindh Agriculture UniversityTandojam 70060SindhPakistan College of Engineering Nanjing Agriculture UniversityNanjing 210044China Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan 60800Pakistan

Determination of the mechanical properties(rupture force,deformation,hardness,and toughness)of maize grain could be a significant concern for designing the harvester,thresher,and handling,processing,and storage ***,the present research was conducted to assess the vertical and lateral rupture force,deformation,hardness,and toughness of maize grain(Beijing Denong,Lianchuang,Suyu 20,Liyu 88 and Suyu 29)influenced by different moisture contents(11.2%,17.5%,and 21.3%)and compressive loading speeds(5,10,15,20,and 25 mm/min,respectively).Besides,the mean length,width,thickness,geometric mean diameter,equivalent diameter,arithmetic diameter,sphericity,grain volume,surface area,and aspect ratio of the selected varieties were *** results showed that the highest length,width,thickness and sphericity,grain volume,surface area,and aspect ratio were obtained at moisture of 21.3%,whereas the lowest was at 11.2%.Moreover,it was observed that as increasing the loading speed from 5 to 25 mm/min,the vertical and lateral rupture forces ***,as increasing moisture contents from 11.2%to 21.3%,the vertical and lateral rupture forces,hardness,and toughness decreased ***,the maximum correlation(R2=0.9957)between rupture force and loading speed was found for Liyu 88 at moisture of 17.5%and minimum correlation(R2=0.7002)was found for Suyu 29 at moisture of 11.2%.Moreover,the highest lateral and vertical rupture force was noticed(p<0.05)at a loading speed of 5 mm/*** on the experimentally obtained results,it was concluded that the properties of maize grain evaluated were relevant to the design of planter,harvesters,thrashers,and processing machine.

关键词： maize grain moisture content compressive loading speeds mechanical properties orientation

Discrete element method simulation of disc type furrow openers in paddy soil

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2020年第4期13卷 103-110页

作者： fiaz ahmad Baijing Qiu Qishuo Ding Weimin Ding Zahid Mahmood Khan Muhammad Shoaib Farman Ali Chandio Abdur Rehim Abdul Khaliq School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina College of Engineering Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210031China Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800MultanPakistan Department of Farm Power and Machinery Sindh Agricultural UniversityTandojam 70060Pakistan Department of Soil Science Bahauddin Zakariya University 60800MultanPakistan Department of Irrigation and Drainage University of AgricultureFaisalabad 38000Pakistan

For granular materials,discrete element modeling is one of the best computer tools to simulate their behavior and interactions.A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of disc furrow openers in paddy *** element simulation was done to develop a 3D DEM model for notched,toothed and double disc furrow openers using EDEM *** Mindlin contact model with bonding was applied for simulation to fulfill the obligations of the soil moisture and bonding between the cohesive *** and field experimental data were compared to determine the applicability in the different working *** results of the simulation validated the applicability of the Hertz-Mindlin contact model with bonding to simulate the no till paddy soil using an extremely narrow tillage *** calibrated value of normal and shear stiffness was 5×10^(7)N/m,and the calibrated value of bond normal and shear strength was 3×10^(7)*** relative error(-1.7%to 20.6%)for the double disc furrow opener was lower as compared with that notch typed(29.2%to 44.4%)and toothed type(31.5%to 45.9%)furrow openers.

关键词： soil tillage discrete element method discrete element modeling furrow opener paddy soil

Mechanical strength of wheat grain varieties influenced by moisture content and loading rate

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第4期11卷 52-57页

作者： Yaoming Li Farman Ali Chandio Zheng Ma Imran Ali Lakhiar Abdul Razaque Sahito fiaz ahmad Irshad Ali Mari Umer Farooq Muhammad Suleman Jiangsu University School of Agricultural Equipment EngineeringZhenjiang 212013JiangsuChina Sindh Agriculture University Faculty of Agricultural EngineeringTandojamSindhPakistan Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management MUETJamshoroPakistan Department of Agricultural Engineering Bahaudin Zakaria UniversityMultanPakistan Department of Mathematics COMSATS UniversityIslamabadPakistan

Mechanical shear resistance of wheat grain is a significant concern for the designers and researchers related to the design of threshing,handling and processing machinery of the field *** grain mechanical properties directly affect the machine geometry and its operational *** present study was carried out to determine the shear resistance of five wheat varieties(Locally names;TD-02,Sindhu-1105,Benazir,China and SKD-118)influenced by moisture content(16.7%,18.7%and 19.5%)and loading rate(3 mm/s,6 mm/s and 9 mm/s).However,some physio-dimensional properties(length,width,thickness,slenderness ratio,surface area and sphericity)were obtained at different moisture *** results showed that the shear resistance reduced by increasing the moisture content and loading *** average shear resistance decreased from 10.45 N to 3.74 N for 3-9 mm/s loading rate at moisture content of 16.7%to 19.5%.Thus,the maximum correlation(r=0.905)of shear resistance obtained at 16.7%,whereas minimum correlation(r=0.692)obtained at 19.5%.The shear resistance of wheat grain was highly significant(p<0.05)at 9 mm/s for 19.5%.Shear resistance decreased with an increase in the moisture content in the grain whereas deformation is increasing with the increase of moisture ***,the maximum bulk density of wheat grain obtained at 19.5%for SKD-118,while the minimum obtained at 16.7%for *** is recommended that the design and modification of wheat grain processing equipment should be executed on the physio-mechanical properties of grain varieties.

关键词： wheat grain shear resistance bulk density of grain varieties moisture content loading rates

Growth, yield and fiber quality characteristics of Bt and non-Bt cotton cultivars in response to boron nutrition

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Journal of Cotton Research 2023年第1期6卷 1-12页

作者： MEHRAN Muhammad ASHRAF Muhammad SHAHZAD Sher Muhammad SHAKIR Muhammad Siddique AZHAR Muhammad Tehseen ahmad fiaz ALVI Alamgir Department of Soil Science Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultanPakistan Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences College of AgricultureUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan Pesticide Residue Laboratory Kala Sha KakuPakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan Physiological/Chemistry Section Central Cotton Research InstituteMultanPakistan Soil and Water Testing Laboratory JhelumPakistan School of Agricultural Science Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450000China

Background Boron(B)deficiency is an important factor for poor seed cotton yield and fiber ***,it is often missing in the plant nutrition program,particularly in developing *** current study investigated B’s effect on growth,yield,and fiber quality of Bt(CIM-663)and non-Bt(Cyto-124)cotton *** experimental plan consisted of twelve treatments:Control(CK);B at 1 mg·kg^(−1) soil application(SB1);2 mg·kg^(−1) B(SB2);3 mg·kg^(−1) B(SB3);0.2%B foliar spray(FB1);0.4%B foliar spray(FB2);1 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.2%B foliar spray(SB1+FB1);1 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.4%B foliar spray(SB1+FB2);2 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.2%B foliar spray(SB2+FB1);2 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.4%B foliar spray(SB2+FB2);3 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.2%B foliar spray(SB3+FB1);3 mg·kg^(−1) B+0.4%B foliar spray(SB3+FB2).Each treat-ment has three replications,one pot having two plants per *** B nutrition at all levels and methods of application significantly(P≤0.05)affected the growth,physiological,yield,and fiber quality characteristics of both cotton ***,SB2 either alone or in combination with foliar spray showed superiority over others,particularly in the non-Bt cultivar which responded better to B ***-mum improvement in monopodial branches(345%),sympodial branches(143%),chlorophyll-a(177%),chlorophyll-b(194%),photosynthesis(169%),and ginning out turn(579%)in the non-Bt cultivar was found with SB2 compared with *** Bt cultivar,although no consistent trend was found but integrated use of SB3 with foliar spray performed relatively better for improving cotton growth compared with other *** quality characteristics in both cultivars were improved markedly but variably with different B *** B nutrition with SB2 either alone or in combination with foliar spray was found optimum for improving cotton’s growth and yield characteristics.

关键词： Boron Cotton Fiber length Fiber strength GOT Micronaire value Seed cotton yield