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Hepatitis B virus,HBx mutants and their role in hepatocellular carcinoma

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10238-10248页

作者： Ashraf Ali Hany Abdel-Hafiz Mohd Suhail Amany Al-Mars Mohammad Khalid Zakaria Kaneez Fatima Sultan ahmad Esam Azhar adeel Chaudhary Ishtiaq Qadri Department of Medical Biotechnology King Fahad Medical Research CenterKing Abdul Aziz UniversityPO Box 80216Jeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Division of Endocrinology Department of Medicine and MetabolismAnschutz Medical CampusUniversity of Colorado DenverAuroraCO 80045United States Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India IQ Institute of Infection and Immunity Lahore 54000Pakistan Special Infectious Agents Unit-Biosafety Level 3 King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdul Aziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia Medical Laboratory Technology Department Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdul Aziz UniversityJeddah 21589Saudi Arabia

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the leading causes of death induced by cancer in the modern world and majority of the cases are related to chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)***-encoded X protein(HBx)is known to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of viral induced *** is a multifunctional protein of17 kDa which modulates several cellular processes by direct or indirect interaction with a repertoire of host factors resulting in *** might interfere with several cellular processes such as oxidative stress,DNA repair,signal transduction,transcription,protein degradation,cell cycle progression and apoptosis.A number of reports have indicated that HBx is one of the most common viral ORFs that is often integrated into the host genome and its sequence variants play a crucial role in *** mutational or deletion analysis it was shown that carboxy terminal of HBx has a likely role in protein-protein interactions,transcriptional transactivation,DNA repair,cell,signaling and pathogenesis of *** accumulated evidence thus far suggests that it is difficult to understand the mechanistic nature of HBx associated HCC,and HBx mediated transcriptional transactivation and signaling pathways may be a major *** article addresses the role of HBx in the development of HCC with particular emphasis on HBx mutants and their putative targets.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Transcription factors Apoptosis Epigenetics Mutants Tumor necrosis factor Activating protein Transforming growth factor Mitogen activated protein kinase

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Leaching of styrene and other aromatic compounds in drinking water from PS bottles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第4期19卷 421-426页

作者： Maqbool ahmad ahmad S. Bajahlan Environmental Control Department Directorate General for Royal Commission at Yanbu P.O.Box 30031 Yanbu Al-SinaiyahKingdom of Saudi Arabia

Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene （PS） bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as ＂purge and trap＂ and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （GC/MS）. Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.

关键词： styrene polystyrene (PS) ethyl benzene leaching styrofoam

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Overcoming the limits of piezoelectric composites

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National Science Review 2023年第9期10卷 118-119页

作者： ahmad Safari Department of Materials Science and Engineering Rutgers University

The study of piezoelectric composites traces its origins back to the 1970s, when the concept of combining ceramics and polymers to introduce self-connectivity was first proposed [1-3].Creating composites using polymers as the matrix and ferroelectric ceramics as fillers has proven to be an effective approach for improving the electromechanical coupling performance of piezoelectric materials.

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The Strategic Form of Quantum Prisoners' Dilemma

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Chinese Physics Letters 2013年第5期30卷 4-9页

作者： ahmad Nawaz National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University CampusIslamabad 45320Pakistan

In a normal form, prisoners' dilemma (PD) is represented by a payoff matrix showing players' strategies and payoffs. To obtain the distinguishing trait and strategic form of PD, certain constraints are imposed on the elements of its payoff matrix. We quantize PD by a generalized quantization scheme to analyze its strategic behavior in the quantum domain. The game starts with a general entangled state of the form |ψ>=cos(ξ/2)|00>+sin(ξ/2)|11> and the measurement for payoffs is performed in entangled and product bases. We show that for both measurements, there exist respective cutoff values of entanglement of the initial quantum state up to which the strategic form of the game remains intact. Beyond these cutoffs the quantized PD behaves like the chicken game (CG) up to another cutoff value. For the measurement in the entangled basis the dilemma is resolved for sinξ >1/7 with Q⊗Q as a Nash Equilibrium (NE). However, the quantized game behaves like PD when sinξ >1/3;whereas in the range 1/7

关键词： bases behave strategic

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Generalized Multiresolution Structures in Reducing Subspaces of Local Fields

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2022年第12期38卷 2163-2186页

作者： Owais ahmad Neyaz ahmad SHEIKH Department of Mathematics National Institute of TechnologySrinagar 190006India

In this article,we introduce the notion of general multiresolution structure(GMS)in the reducing subspace over local *** show that the GMS is admitted by an arbitrary reducing subspace and characterize all those GMSs which admit a pyramids *** the culmination,we obtain a frame-like expansion for signals in reducing subspaces in terms of GMS over local fields.

关键词： Frame frame like expansion reducing subspace generalized multiresolution structure local field Fourier transform

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Effect of SrCO_3 addition on the dynamic compressive strength of ZTA

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2016年第4期23卷 481-489页

作者： Ali Arab Roslan ahmad Zainal Arifin ahmad School of Mechanical Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Structural Materials Niche Area School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus

Ceramic parts usually experience dynamic load in armor applications. Therefore, studying the dynamic behaviors of ceramics is important. Limited data are available on the dynamic behaviors of ceramics; thus, it is helpful to predict the dynamic strength of ceramics on the basis of their mechanical properties. In this paper, the addition of SrCO3 into zirconia-toughened alumina（ZTA） was demonstrated to improve the fracture toughness of ZTA due to the formation of the SrAl12O19（SA6） phase. The porosity of ZTA was found to be increased by the addition of SrCO3. These newly formed pores served as the nucleation sites of cracks under dynamic load; these cracks eventually coalesced to form damaged zones in the samples. Although the KIC values of the samples were improved, the dynamic strength was not enhanced because of the increase in porosity; in fact, the dynamic strength of ZTA ceramics decreased with the addition of SrCO3.

关键词： ceramics strontium carbonate dynamic properties fracture toughness compressive strength

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Chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement in the contact interaction model of quarks with parallel electric and magnetic fields

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第7期45卷 111-121页

作者： Aftab ahmad Institute of Physics Gomal University29220D.I.KhanKhyber PakhtunkhawPakistan

We study the impact of steady,homogeneous,and external parallel electric and magnetic field strengths(eE||eB)on the chiral symmetry breaking-restoration and confinement-deconfinement phase *** also sketch the phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)at a finite temperature T and in the presence of background *** unified formalism for this study is based on the Schwinger-Dyson equations,symmetry preserving vector-vector contact interaction model of quarks,and an optimal time regularization *** T=0,in the purely magnetic case(i.e.,eE→0),we observe the well-known magnetic catalysis ***,in a pure electric field background(eB→0),the electric field tends to restore the chiral symmetry and deconfinement above the pseudo-critical electric field eE^(x,C)_(c).In the presence of both eE and eB,we determine the magnetic catalysis effect in the particular region where eB dominates over eE,whereas we observe the chiral inhibition(or electric chiral rotation)effect when eE overshadows *** finite T,in the pure electric field case,the phenomenon of inverse electric catalysis appears to exist in the proposed ***,for a pure magnetic field background,we observe the magnetic catalysis effect in the mean-field approximation and inverse magnetic catalysis with eB-dependent *** combined effects of eE and eB on the pseudo-critical T^(x,C)_(c)yields an inverse electromagnetic catalysis,with and without an eB-dependent effective coupling of the *** findings of this study agree well with the already predicted results obtained via lattice simulations and other reliable effective models of QCD.

关键词： chiral symmetry breaking confinement electric and magnetic fields schwinger-dyson equations QCD phase diagram

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Rotating effects on the thermophysical properties of a two-dimensional GaAs quantum ring

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第6期76卷 165-173页

作者： ahmad Ghanbari Department of Physics College of ScienceYasouj UniversityYasoujIran

In this work,we have investigated the rotating effect on the thermodynamic properties of a 2D quantum ***,we have considered the radial potential of a 2D quantum ring and solved the Schrödinger equation in the presence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect and a uniform magnetic field for the considered *** to the solution of the equation,we calculated the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the considered *** the calculated energy spectrum,we obtained the partition function and thermodynamic properties of the system,such as the mean energy,specific heat,entropy and free *** results show that the rotating effect has a significant influence on the thermophysical properties of a 2D quantum *** also study other effects of the rotating term:(1)the effect of different values of rotating parameters,and(2)the effect of negative rotation on the thermodynamic properties of the *** results are discussed in detail.

关键词： Schrodinger equation quantum ring rotation effect thermophysical properties

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Quantum State Tomography and Quantum Games

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Chinese Physics Letters 2012年第3期29卷 37-40页

作者： ahmad Nawaz National Centre for Physics Quaid-i-Azam University CampusIslamabadPakistan

A technique is developed for single qubit quantum state tomography using the mathematical setup of generalized quantization scheme for *** this technique,Alice sends an unknown pure quantum state to Bob who appends it with|0><0|and then applies the unitary operators on the appended quantum state and finds the payoffs for Alice and *** is shown that for a particular set of unitary operators,these payoffs are equal to Stokes parameters for an unknown quantum *** this way an unknown quantum state can be measured and *** speaking,this technique is not a game as no strategic competitions are involved.

关键词： state quantum operators

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NO-CO-O2 Reaction on a Metal Catalytic Surface using Eley-Rideal Mechanism

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第10期25卷 3728-3731页

作者： Waqar ahmad Physics Division PINSTECH P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan

Interactions among the reacting species NO, CO and O2 on metal catalytic surfaces are studied by means of Monte Carlo simulation using the Eley-Rideal （ER） mechanism. The study of this three-component system is important for understanding of the reaction kinetics by varying the relative ratios of the reactants. It is found that contrary to the conventional Langmuir-Hinshelwood （LFI） thermal mechanism in which two irreversible phase transitions are obtained between active states and poisoned states, a single phase transition is observed when the ER mechanism is combined with the LH mechanism. The phase diagrams of the surface coverage and the steady state production of CO2, N2 and N2O are evaluated as a function of the partial pressures of the reactants in the gas phase. The continuous production of CO2 starts as soon as the CO pressure is switched on and the second order phase transition at the first critical point is eliminated, which is in agreement with the experimental findings.

关键词： the power-law exponents precipitation durative abrupt precipitation change

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