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What do we know about biological nitrogen fixation in insects? Evidence and implications for the insect and the ecosystem

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 392-403页

作者： Nitsan bar-Shmuel adi Behar Michal Segoli Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert ResearchBen-Gurion University of the NegevSede Boqer CampusIsrael Kimron Veterinary Institute Department of ParasitologyBet DaganIsrael

Many insects feed on a low‐nitrogen diet,and the origin of their nitrogen supply is poorly *** has been hypothesized that some insects rely on nitrogen‐fixing bacteria(diazotrophs)to supplement their *** fixation by diazotrophs has been extensively studied and convincingly demonstrated in termites,while evidence for the occurrence and role of nitrogen fixation in the diet of other insects is less ***,we summarize the methods to detect nitrogen fixation in insects and review the available evidence for its occurrence(focusing on insects other than termites).We distinguish between three aspects of nitrogen fixation investigations:(i)detecting the presence of potential diazotrophs;(ii)detecting the activity of the nitrogen‐fixing enzyme;and(iii)detecting the assimilation of fixed nitrogen into the insect *** show that although evidence from investigations of the first aspect reveals ample opportunities for interactions with potential diazotrophs in a variety of insects,demonstrations of actual biological nitrogen fixation and the assimilation of fixed nitrogen are restricted to very few insect groups,including wood‐feeding beetles,fruit flies,leafcutter ants,and a wood *** then discuss potential implications for the insect's fitness and for the ecosystem as a *** suggest that combining these multiple approaches is crucial for the study of nitrogen fixation in insects,and argue that further demonstrations are desperately needed in order to determine the relative importance of diazotrophs for insect diet and fitness,as well as to evaluate their overall impact on the ecosystem.

关键词： biological nitrogen fixation diazotrophs gut microbiome insect diet

Correction-free remotely scanned two-photon in vivo mouse retinal imaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 882-890页

作者： adi Schejter bar-Noam Nairouz Farah Shy Shoham Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyKiryat HaTechnionHaifa 32000Israel

Non-invasive fluorescence retinal imaging in small animals is an important requirement for an array of translational vision *** in vivo two-photon imaging of the mouse retina may enable the long-term investigation of the structure and function of healthy and diseased retinal ***,to date,this has only been possible using relatively complex adaptive-optics ***,the optical modeling of the murine eye and of the imaging system is used to achieve correction-free two-photon microscopy through the pupil of a mouse eye to yield high-quality,optically sectioned fundus *** remotely scanning the focus using an electronically tunable lens,high-resolution three-dimensional fluorescein angiograms and cellular-scale images are acquired,thus introducing a correction-free baseline performance level for two-photon in vivo retinal ***,the system enables functional calcium imaging of repeated retinal responses to light stimulation using the genetically encoded indicator,*** results and the simplicity of the new add-on optics are an important step toward several structural,functional,and multimodal imaging applications that will benefit from the tight optical sectioning and the use of near-infrared light.

关键词： angiography eye model functional calcium imaging in vivo optogenetics two-photon microscopy

The combined role of visual and olfactory cues in foraging by Cataglyphis ants in laboratory mazes

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 401-408页

作者： Tomer Gilad Ori Bahar Malak Hasan adi bar Aziz Subach Inon Scharf School of Zoology George S Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv University69978 Tel AvivIsrael

Foragers use several senses to locate food,and many animals rely on vision and *** is beneficial not to rely on a single sense,which might fail under certain *** examined the contribution of vision and smell to foraging and maze exploration under laboratory conditions using Cataglyphis desert ants as a *** intensity,measured as the number of workers entering the maze and arriving at the target as well as target arrival time,were greater when food,blue light,or both were offered or presented in contrast to a *** trained to forage for a combined food and light cue elevated their foraging intensity with ***,foraging intensity was not higher when using both cues simultaneously than in either one of the two *** training,we split between the two cues and moved either the food or the blue light to the opposite maze *** manipulation impaired foraging success by either leading to fewer workers arriving at the target cell(when the light stayed and the food was moved)or to more workers arriving at the opposite target cell,empty of food(when the food stayed and the light was moved).This result indicates that ant workers use both senses when foraging for food and readily associate light with food.

关键词： binary-tree maze desert ants diet choice foraging sensual modality spatial learning

Role of colonoscopy in patients with persistent acute diverticulitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第17期14卷 2763-2766页

作者： adi Lahat Henit Yanai Emad Sakhnini Yoram Menachem Simon bar-Meir Department of Gastroenterology ChaimSheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine Tel AvivUniversity

AIM： To identify patients with persistent acute diverticulitis who might benefit from an early colonoscopy during their first hospitalization. METHODS： All patients hospitalized between July 2000 and December 2006 for acute diverticulitis who underwent colonoscopy were included in the study. Patients were followed during hospitalization and after discharge. Patients were considered to have a persistent course of acute diverticulitis if symptoms continued after 1 wk of conventional treatment with 1V antibiotics, or if symptoms recurred within 2 mo after discharge. Patients were considered to benefit from an early colonoscopy if the colonoscopy was therapeutic or if it changed a patient＇s outcome. RESULTS： Three hundred and six patients were hospitalized between July 2000 and December 2006 with the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis. Two hundred and twenty four of these were included in the study group. Twenty three patients （10.3%） fulfilled the criteria for a persistent course of acute diverticulitis. Of them, four patients （17.4%） clearly benefited from an early colonoscopy; these patients＇ clinical course is described. None of the patients with a regular non-persistent course demonstrated any benefit from colonoscopy. CONCLUSION： Early colonoscopy detected other significant pathology, which accounted for the clinical presentation in 17% of patients with persistent acute diverticulitis. Therefore, we believe an early colonoscopy should be considered in all patients with a persistent clinical course.

关键词： Persistent acute diverticulitis Early colonoscopy Clinical course

Isolation, characterization and culture of Thy1-positive cells from fetal rat livers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第24期12卷 3841-3847页

作者： Zvibel Isabel Bronstein Miri Hubel Einav bar-lev Ella Halpern Zamir Oren Ran Liver Unit Gastroenterology Institute Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterWeizmann 6Tel Aviv 64239Israel Internal Medicine Ⅰ Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Weizmann 6Tel Aviv 64239Israel

AIM： To investigate whether Thyl recognizes oval cells in the fetal liver and to characterize the cultured Thy1 selected cells from E14 rat livers. METHODS： Thyl populations were analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorter analysis. Thyl positive cells were isolated using magnetic beads. Hepatic markers were detected by Western blotting, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS： The percentage of Thyl-positive cells decreased during early development of fetal rat liver （E13-E16）. E14 fetal livers contained 7.8% Thy1 positive cells, of which 61% were positive for α-fetoprotein （AFP） and 25% expressed albumin. The Thy1＋ population expressed oval cell markers c-Kit and CXCR4, liver enriched-transcription factors HNF1α and HNF6, hepatocytic markers albumin, AFP and cytokeratin 18, and biliary marker cytokeratin 19. Thy1- selected cells formed only mesenchymal colonies when plated on collagen and in serum-containing media. Thyl selected cells were able to form hepatic colonies positive for HNF1α, HNF6, albumin, AFP, cytokeratin 18, cytokeratin 19 and glycogen, when grown on STO feeder layers in serum free-media. CONCLUSION： Oval cells positive for Thyl are present in early liver embryonic stages.

关键词： Fetal liver Oval cells Thy1

Diverticulitis in the young patient-Is it different?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第18期12卷 2932-2935页

作者： adi Lahat Yoram Menachem Benjamin Avidan Henit Yanai Emad Sakhnini Eytan bardan Simon bar-Meir Department of Gastroenterology Chaim Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel AvivIsrael

AIM： To prospectively study the incidence and the natural history of acute diverticulitis in young patients. METHODS： A total of 207 patients hospitalized at our hospital between January 2000 to February 2005 with the diagnosis of acute diverticulitis were included. Their demographic characteristics, medical history, physical, radiographic and endoscopic findings as well as therapy were recorded. Patients were followed every 6 mo for the first year and later annually. RESULTS： The mean patients＇ age was 61 （range 27-92） years. Twenty- five patients （12%） were younger than 45 years. Acute diverticulitis was significantly more prevalent among male in the young age group as compared to the older age group （19/25, 76% vs 61/182, 33%, respectively, P = 0.0001）. Complications occurred more often in the young age group; 32% vs 13%, （P = 0.002）. During follow-up, 6 patients （28%） remained asymptomatic in the young age group as compared to 87 patients （55%） in the older age group （P = 0.024）. As a result, sigmoidectomies were performed twice as often in the young age group （38% vs 13%, P = 0.002）. CONCLUSION： Diverticulitis in young patients has a male predominance, a more aggressive course with a higher rate of complications and a higher recurrence rate. An earlier surgical approach might be considered in young patients with acute diverticulitis.

关键词： Diverticulitis Young patient Complications Sigmoidectomy

Semantic Keys and Reading

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宏观语言学 2016年第2期4卷 1-10页

作者： Zev bar-lev San Diego State University USA

Semantic Keys are elements (word-parts) of written language that give an iconic,general representation of the whole word’s meaning. In written Sino-Japanese the “radical”or semantic components play this role. For example, the character meaning 'woman,female’ is the Semantic Key of the character for Ma 'Mama’ (alongside the phonetic component Ma, which means 'horse’ as a separate character). The theory of semantic Keys in both graphic and phonemic aspects is called qTheory or *** most innovative aspect of the present article is the hypothesis that, in languages using alphabetic writing systems, the role of Semantic Key is played by consonants, more specifically the first consonant. Thus, L meaning 'Lif t ’ is the Semantic Key of English L f,Ladle, Lofty, aLps，elevator，oLympus; Spanish leva, Lecantarse，aLto，Lengua; Arabic aLLah, and Hebrew? aeL-0aL ‘upto-above’ （the Israeli airline), Polish Lot ‘flight’ （the Polish airline); Hebrew aeL, aeLohim ‘God’， and haLLeluyah ‘praise-ye God’ （using Parallels, 'Lift up God’). Evidence for the universality of the theory is shown by many examples drawn from various languages, including Indo-European Semitic, Chinese and Japanese. The theory reveals hundreds of relationships within and between languages,related and unrelated, that have been “Hiding in Plain Sight”, to mention just one example:the Parallel between Spanish Pan 'bread’ and Mandarin Fan 'rice’.

关键词： Lexicon Semantic Theory Key-letters ambiguity

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How Hebrew Means

宏观语言学 2018年第1期6卷 1-16页

作者： Zev bar-lev Son Diego State University USA

Associations of Adolescence Exposure to Industrial Air Pollution with Cancer in Young Adults

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Environment & Health 2023年第1期1卷 53-62页

作者： Ruth lev bar-Or Yuval Gilad Twig David M.Broday Lital Keinan-Boker Ora Paltiel Ronit Sinnreich Dorit Tzur Estela Derazne Raanan Raz Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine The Hebrew University of JerusalemHadassahJerusalem 9112102Israel Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 32000Israel Technion Center of Excellence in Exposure Sciences and Environmental Health(TCEEH) Haifa 3200003Israel Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps Ramat Gan 5262000Israel Department of Preventive Medicine School of Public HealthSackler Faculty of MedicineTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Institute of Endocrinology and The Gertner Institute for Epidemiology&Health Policy Research Sheba Medical CenterRamat Gan 5262000Israel Israel Center for Disease Control Israel Ministry of HealthSheba Medical CenterRamat Gan 5262000Israel School of Public Health University of HaifaHaifa 3498838Israel Department of Hematology Hadassah Medical OrganizationJerusalem 9112001Israel

There is substantial public concern about the health risks of proximity to petrochemical *** the Haifa Bay Area(HBA),which contains Israel’s densest industrial area,these concerns have been strengthened by elevated cancer mortality rates since the late *** studied the association between adolescent exposure to industrial air pollution in the HBA and adult-onset *** is a historical cohort *** study population comprised 2,187,317 subjects,using the Israeli medical corps data linked to the Israel National Cancer Registry with follow-up of up to 45 *** assessments were estimated by a spatial kriging interpolation model of SO2,serving as a marker for the dispersion of air pollution emitted from the complex during the study *** found increased crude(HR=1.23,95%CI=1.17 to 1.29)and adjusted(HR=1.16,95%CI=1.10 to 1.21)risk of cancer with increased exposure to air pollution in *** associations remained robust in analyses stratified by decade and socio-economic *** found evidence of monotonically increased risk in five of 13 cancer categories(leukemia,melanoma,female breast,central nervous system,and thyroid tumors).Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that this exposure posed a carcinogenic risk during the study period.

关键词： cancer Haifa Bay Area epidemiology public health industrial air pollution