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Chinese Chemical Letters 2016年第1期27卷 31-36页

作者： M.Nibin Joy Bhaskaran Savitha Ayyiliyath M.Sajith Yadav D.Bodke Talavara Venkatesh K.K.Abdul Khader M.Syed Ali Padusha a.muralidharan Department of P.G studies and Research in Industrial Chemistry Kuvempu University Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry Jamal Mohamed College Bharathidasan University Organic Chemistry Division School of Chemical Sciences Kasaragod Govt.College Kannur University

A rapid, efficient, and facile synthesis of an assortment of C-2 substituted imidazopyrazines has been achieved by utilizing the palladium catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of 2-bromo-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazine with various boronic acids under microwave irradiation. The utilization of（A-^（ta）phos）_2PdCl_2 as a catalyst in combination with Cs F as base and DME-H_2O（4：1） as the solvent system at 100℃ procured the diaryls in acceptable to excellent yields. Prominent features of this developed methodology include short reaction times, fewer side products, and exceptional tolerance to a wide variety of functional groups.

关键词： Imidazopyrazine Boronic acid Suzuki coupling Microwave

Cost burden following esophagectomy:A single centre observational study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第7期16卷 2255-2269页

作者： Vered Buchholz Dong Kyu Lee David S Liu Ahmad Aly Stephen A Barnett Riley Hazard Peter Le Benjamin Kioussis Vijayaragavan muralidharan Laurence Weinberg Department of Surgery Austin HealthMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Dongguk University Ilsan HospitalSeoul 14566GoyangSouth Korea Department of Surgery Austin HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Anesthesia Austin HealthMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Anesthesia Austin HospitalHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Critical Care The University of MelbourneMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Cost analyses of patients undergoing esophagectomy is valuable for identifying modifiable expenditure drivers to target and curtail costs while improving the quality of *** aimed to define the cost-complication relationship after esophagectomy and delineate the incremental contributions to *** To assess the relationship between the hospital costs and potential cost drivers post esophagectomy and investigate the relationship between the cost-driving variables(predicting variables)and hospital costs(dependent variable).METHODS In this retrospective single center study,the severity of complications was graded using the Clavien-Dindo(CD)classification *** esophagectomy complications were categorized and defined according to consensus *** costing data included the in-hospital costs of the index admission and any unplanned admission within 30 postoperative *** used correlation analysis to assess the relationship between key clinical variables and hospital costs(in United States dollars)to identify cost drivers.A mediation model was used to investigate the relationship between these variables and hospital *** A total of 110 patients underwent primary esophageal *** median admission cost was $47822.7(interquartile range:35670.2-68214.0).The total effects on costs were $13593.9(95%CI:10187.1-17000.8,P<0.001)for each increase in CD severity grade,$4781(95%CI:3772.7-5789.3,P<0.001)for each increase in the number of complications,and $42552.2(95%CI:8309-76795.4,P=0.015)if a key esophagectomy complication *** esophagectomy complications drove the costs directly by $11415.7(95%CI:992.5-21838.9,P=0.032).CONCLUSION The severity and number of complications,and the development of key esophagectomy complications significantly contributed to total hospital *** institutional initiatives and strategies are needed to enhance patient outcomes and minimize costs.

关键词： Anesthesia Esophagectomy Complications Cancer Surgery

Statin, aspirin and metformin use and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma related outcomes following liver transplantation: A retrospective study

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 120-131页

作者： William Chung Kevin Wong Noel Ravindranayagam Lauren Tang Josephine Grace Darren Wong Danny Con Marie Sinclair Avik Majumdar Numan Kutaiba Samuel Hui Paul Gow Vijayaragavan muralidharan Alexander Dobrovic Adam Testro Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Victorian Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Radiology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Gastroenterology Monash HealthClayton 3168VictoriaAustralia Department of Surgery University of MelbourneAustin HealthHeidelberg 3048VictoriaAustralia Department of Surgery Beacon LaboratoryAustin PrecinctThe University of MelbourneAustin HospitalHeidelberg 3048VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Liver transplantation(LT)is a potentially curative therapy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).HCC-recurrence following LT is associated with reduced *** is increasing interest in chemoprophylaxis to improve HCC-related outcomes *** To investigate whether there is any benefit for the use of drugs with proposed chemoprophylactic properties against HCC,and patient outcomes following *** This was a retrospective study of adult patients who received Deceased Donor LT for HCC from 2005-2022,from a single Australian *** use was defined as statin,aspirin or metformin therapy for≥29 days,within 24 months post-LT.A cox proportional-hazards model with time-dependent covariates was used for survival *** measures were the composite-endpoint of HCC-recurrence and all-cause mortality,HCC-recurrence and HCC-related *** analysis was performed to account for immortality time bias and statin *** Three hundred and five patients were included in this study,with 253(82.95%)males with a median age of 58.90 *** of liver disease were 150(49.18%)hepatitis C,73(23.93%)hepatitis B(HBV)and 33(10.82%)non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).56(18.36%)took statins,51(16.72%)aspirin and 50(16.39%)*** a median follow-up time of 59.90 months,34(11.15%)developed HCC-recurrence,48(15.74%)died,17(5.57%)from HCC-related ***,aspirin or metformin use was not associated with statistically significant differences in the composite endpoint of HCC-recurrence or all-cause mortality[hazard ratio(HR):1.16,95%CI:0.58-2.30;HR:1.21,95%CI:0.28-5.27;HR:0.61,95%CI:0.27-1.36],HCC-recurrence(HR:0.52,95%CI:0.20-1.35;HR:0.51,95%CI:0.14-1.93;HR 1.00,95%CI:0.37-2.72),or HCC-related mortality(HR:0.32,95%CI:0.033-3.09;HR:0.71,95%CI:0.14-3.73;HR:1.57,95%CI:0.61-4.04)*** dosing was not associated with statist-ically significant differences in HCC-related ***

关键词： Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Transplant oncology Statins HMG-Co-A reductase Aspirin Metformin Mammalian target of rapamycin

Stretching directions in cislunar space:Applications for departures and transfer design

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Astrodynamics 2023年第2期7卷 153-178页

作者： Vivek muralidharan Kathleen C.Howell School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Purdue UniversityIN 47907USA Interdisciplinary Centre for Security Reliability and Trust(SnT)University of LucembourgLucembourg 1855Lucembourg

Stable or nearly stable orbits do not generally possess well-distinguished manifold structures that assist in designing trajectories for departing from or arriving onto a periodic *** some potential missions,the orbits of interest are selected as nearly stable to reduce the possibility of rapid ***,the linearly stable nature of these orbits is also a drawback for their timely insertion into or departure from the *** or nearly stable near rectilinear halo orbits(NRHOs),distant retrograde orbits(DROs),and lunar orbits offer potential long-horizon trajectories for exploration missions and demand eficient *** current investigation focuses on leveraging stretching directions as a tool for departure and trajectory design *** magnitude of the state variations along the maximum stretching direction is expected to grow rapidly and,therefore,offers information for efficient departure from the ***,maximum stretching in reverse time enables arrival with a minimal maneuver magnitude.

关键词： stretching directions Cauchy-Green tensor near rectilinear halo orbit(NRHO) distant retrograde orbit(DRO)lunarorbit circular restricted three-body problem(CR3BP) transfer trajectory design momentum integral

Novel ARC-Fuzzy Coordinated Automatic Tracking Control of Four-Wheeled Mobile Robot

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第3期35卷 3713-3726页

作者： G.Pandiaraj S.muralidharan Department of EEE Mepco Schelenk Engineering CollegeSivakasi626005India

Four-wheeled,individual-driven,nonholonomic structured mobile robots are widely used in industries for automated work,inspection and explora-tion *** trajectory tracking control of the four-wheel individual-driven mobile robot is one of the most blooming research topics due to its nonholonomic *** wheel velocities are separately adjusted to follow the trajectory in the old-fashioned kinematic control of skid-steered mobile ***,there is no consideration for robot dynamics when using a kinematic controller that solely addresses the robot chassis’s *** a result,the mobile robot has lim-ited performance,such as chattering during curved *** this research work,a three-tiered adaptive robust control with fuzzy parameter estimation,including dynamic modeling,direct torque control and wheel slip control is *** logic-based parameter estimation is a valuable tool for adjusting adaptive robust controller(ARC)parameters and tracking the trajectories with less tracking error as well as high tracking *** research considers the O type and 8 type trajectories for performance analysis of the proposed novel control *** suggested approach outperforms the existing control methods such as Fuzzy,proportional–integral–derivative(PID)and adaptive robust controller with discrete projection(ARC–DP).The experimental results show that the scheduled performance index decreases by 2.77%and 4.76%.All the experimen-tal simulations obviously proved that the proposed ARC-Fuzzy performed well in smooth groud surfaces compared to other approaches.

关键词： Adaptive robust control coordinated control mobile robot fuzzy adaptation law fuzzy parameter adjustment direct torque allocation

Stereotactic radiotherapy and the potential role of magnetic resonance-guided adaptive techniques for pancreatic cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第7期28卷 745-754页

作者： Tai Ermongkonchai Richard Khor Vijayaragavan muralidharan Niall Tebbutt Kelvin Lim Numan Kutaiba Sweet Ping Ng Department of Radiation Oncology Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Surgery Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Medical Oncology Olivia Newton-John Cancer Centre at Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of Diagnostic Radiology Austin HealthHeidelberg 3084VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with one of the poorest prognoses amongst all *** with unresectable tumours either receive palliative care or undergo various chemoradiotherapy *** techniques are often associated with acute gastrointestinal toxicities,as adjacent critical structures such as the duodenum ultimately limits delivered *** body radiotherapy(SBRT)is an advanced radiation technique that delivers highly ablative radiation split into several fractions,with a steep dose fall-off outside target *** To discuss the latest data on SBRT and whether there is a role for magnetic resonance-guided techniques in multimodal management of locally advanced,unresectable pancreatic *** We conducted a search on multiple large databases to collate the latest records on radiotherapy techniques used to treat pancreatic *** of 1229 total records retrieved from our search,36 studies were included in this *** Studies indicate that SBRT is associated with improved clinical efficacy and toxicity profiles compared to conventional radiotherapy *** dose escalation to the tumour with SBRT is limited by the poor soft-tissue visualisation of computed tomography imaging during radiation planning and treatment *** resonance-guided techniques have been introduced to improve imaging quality,enabling treatment plan adaptation and re-optimisation before delivering each *** Therefore,SBRT may lead to improved survival outcomes and safer toxicity profiles compared to conventional techniques,and the addition of magnetic resonance-guided techniques potentially allows dose escalation and conversion of unresectable tumours to operable cases.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging Pancreatic cancer Radiotherapy Stereotactic Adaptive techniques

Thermal plasma synthesis of SiC

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Advances in Manufacturing 2013年第1期1卷 50-61页

作者： muralidharan Ramachandran Ramana G.Reddy Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering The University of Alabama

Synthesis of silicon carbide has been carried out using thermal plasma processing technique using SiO2 as the solid feed and CH4 as the gaseous reducing agent. Thermochemical calculations have been performed varying the molar ratio of silicon dioxide and methane to determine the feasibility of the reaction. Experiments using a molar ratio of SiO2：CH4 equal to 1：2 produced maximum yield of SiC of about 65 mol % at a solid feed rate of 5 g/min. Mostly spherical morphology with some nanorods has been observed. The presence of Si had been observed and was quantified using XRD, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron microscopy （XPS）. Si acts as a nucleating agent for SiC nanorods to grow.

关键词： Silicon carbide Thermal plasma - Highresolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM)Raman spectroscopy ~ X-ray photoelectron microscopy(XPS)

Region-Aware Trace Signal Selection Using Machine Learning Technique for Silicon Validation and Debug

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第7期120卷 25-43页

作者： R.Agalya R.Muthaiah D.muralidharan Junior Research Fellow School of ComputingSASTRA Deemed UniversityThirumalaisamudramThanjavur-613401TamilnaduIndia Associate Dean School of ComputingSASTRA Deemed UniversityThirumalaisamudramThanjavur-613401TamilnaduIndia Assistant Professor School of ComputingSASTRA Deemed UniversityThirumalaisamudramThanjavur-613401TamilnaduIndia

In today’s modern design technology,post-silicon validation is an expensive and composite *** major challenge involved in this method is that it has limited observability and controllability of internal *** will be an issue during execution how to address the useful set of signals and store it in the on-chip trace *** existing approaches are restricted to particular debug set-up where all the components have equivalent prominence at all the ***,the verification engineers will emphasis only on useful functional regions or *** to some constraints like clock gating,some of the regions can be ignored during ***,some of these regions can be verified deeply and have minimum errors compared to other control *** proposed system focusses on random signals that identify more errors which are prone to signal selection technique with low area *** enhance the observability,a machine learning technique is *** on the training samples of smaller designs,a model is developed to find out the contiguous neighbours of each *** can eliminate the obstacles of unknown *** system demonstrates using Opencores and ISCAS’89 benchmark circuits that result in easy and fast error detection compared to the state-of-theart of other *** is also verified using gate-level error models by cross-validation of each debug run.

关键词： Controllability error propagation machine learning observability signal selection

Diagnostic efficacy of Ziehl-Neelsen method against fluorescent microscopy in detection of acid fast bacilli

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第4期3卷 328-329页

作者： Soham Gupta Vishnu Prasad Shenoy Indira Bairy muralidharan S Department of Microbiology St.Johns Medical CollegeBangaloreKarnatakaIndia 560034 Department of Microbiology Kasturba Medical collegeManipalKarnatakaIndia 576104

Objective:To investigate the application of Ziehl-Neelsen(Z-N) and fluorescent microscopy in detection of acid fast bacilli(AFB).Methods:Duplicate smears were prepared from 260 sputum samples and stained with Z-N and fluorescent staining(FS) *** efficiency of both methods in primary diagnosis of tuberculosis were ***:The smears were positive for AFB in 15(5.77%) samples by Z-N staining method and in 16(6.15%) samples by FS *** sensitivity and specificity of Z-N staining method against FS method were 93.75% and 100%***:Though lesser cost-effective than Z-N,FS method is a more sensitive and better case finding tool in detection of AFB.

关键词： Tuberculosis Acid fast bacilli Ziehl-Neelsen Fluorescent microscopy

Hesperetin conjugated PEGylated gold nanoparticles exploring the potential role in anti-inflammation and anti-proliferation during diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第5期12卷 442-455页

作者： Gokuladhas Krishnan Jayakumar Subramaniyan Pramila Chengalvarayan Subramani Barath muralidharan Devaki Thiruvengadam Department of Biochemistry University of MadrasGuindy CampusChennai600025TamilnaduIndia Ragalakshmi Engineering College Chennai602105TamilnaduIndia

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and one of the leading causes of death in the world, and second most common cause of death in men. Natural products emerge as the most enduring approaches in the development of anticancer targeting drug. Hesperetin(HP), one of the abundant flavonoids found naturally in citrus fruits, has received considerable attention in anti-cancer promotion and progression. The present study was conducted to decipher the role of 0.5 ml hesperetin conjugated gold nanoparticles(Au-m PEG(5000)-S-HP NPs) during diethylnitrosamine(DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in male Wistar albino rats and shows the better antioxidant that possesses anti-inflammatory,anti-proliferation and anticarcinogenic properties and may modulate signaling *** confirmation of polymer functionalized gold nanoparticles and drug loaded polymer gold nanoparticles were characterized by HR-TEM with EDAX, and DLS with Zeta potential techniques. The drug encapsulation efficiency and release properties were carried out in PBS at pH 7.4 for Au-mPEG(5000)-S-HP and compared with the control pure hesperetin(HP).Here, we review the role of mast cell counts, tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α), transcription factor nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), levels of glycoconjugates, proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions, are the master regulator of inflammation and proliferation, in the development of hepatocellular injury, liver fibrosis and HCC. DEN-administered animals showed increased mast cell counts, tumor necrosis factor alpha, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, glycoconjugates, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions. Whereas Au-mPEG(5000)-S-HP NPs supplementation considerably suppressed all the above abnormalities. These results suggest that the Au-m PEG(5000)-S-HP NPs exhibited the better potential anticancer activity by inhibiting cell inflammation and proliferation in DEN-induced h

关键词： Hesperetin Gold nanoparticles Mast cells Glycoconjugates TNF-α NF-κB PCNA