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From contraction to gene expression:nanojunctions of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum deliver site-and function-specific calcium signals

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2016年第8期59卷 749-763页

作者： a.mark evans Nicola Fameli Oluseye A.Ogunbayo Jingxian Duan Jorge Navarro-Dorado Centre for Integrative Physiology College of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineHugh Robson BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH8 9XDUK Institute of Biophysics Medical University of GrazGraz 8010Austria

Calcium signals determine, for example, smooth muscle contraction and changes in gene expression. How calcium signals select for these processes is enigmatic. We build on the "panjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum" hypothesis, describing our view that different calcium pumps and release channels, with different kinetics and affinities for calcium, are strategically positioned within nanojunctions of the SR and help demarcate their respective cytoplasmic nanodomains. SERCA2 b and Ry R1 are preferentially targeted to the sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) proximal to the plasma membrane(PM), i.e., to the superficial buffer barrier formed by PM-SR nanojunctions, and support vasodilation. In marked contrast, SERCA2 a may be entirely restricted to the deep, perinuclear SR and may supply calcium to this sub-compartment in support of vasoconstriction. Ry R3 is also preferentially targeted to the perinuclear SR, where its clusters associate with lysosome-SR nanojunctions. The distribution of Ry R2 is more widespread and extends from this region to the wider cell. Therefore, perinuclear Ry R3 s most likely support the initiation of global calcium waves at L-SR junctions, which subsequently propagate by calcium-induced calcium release via Ry R2 in order to elicit contraction. Data also suggest that unique SERCA and Ry R are preferentially targeted to invaginations of the nuclear membrane. Site- and function-specific calcium signals may thus arise to modulate stimulus-response coupling and transcriptional cascades.

关键词： calcium nanojunction ryanodine receptor sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase smooth muscle gene expression contraction

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From contraction to gene expression: nanojunctions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum deliver function-specific calcium signals

From contraction to gene expression: nanojunctions of the sa...

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第十一届全国钙信号和细胞功能研讨会

作者： a.mark evans Centre for Integrative Physiology College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine Hugh Robson Building University of Edinburgh

Calcium signals determine smooth muscle contraction and the switch from acontractile to a migratory-proliferative phenotype（s）, which requires changes in geneexpression. However the mechanism by which different calcium signals select for these processes is enigmatic. We have shown that SERCA2 b and Ry R1 arepreferentially targeted to the sarcoplasmic reticulum（SR） proximal to the plasmamembrane（PM;Clark et al., 2010）, i.e., to the superficial buffer barrier formed by PM-SR nanojunctions（van Breemen et al., 2013）, and support vasodilation. Here, increases in SERCA2 b activity may remove calcium from the deeper cytoplasm to the superficial SR, from which calcium sparks may be released into the PM-SR junction via Ry R1 to activate PM resident BKCa channels, driving hyperpolarisation（Boittin et al., 2003）, removal of calcium from the cell by forward mode NCX activity and ultimately vasodilation（Boittin et al., 2003;Clark et al., 2010）. In marked contrast, SERCA2 a is entirely restricted to the deep, perinuclear SR（Clark et al.,2010） and may function to recycle calcium into this subcompartment in support of vasoconstriction（Dipp ＆ evans, 2001;Kinnear et al., 2004;Clark et al., 2010）. Importantly, Ry R3 is also preferentially targeted to the perinuclear SR and associated lysosome-SR nanojunctions（Kinnear et al., 2004, Kinnear et al., 2008）, while the distribution of Ry R2 is more widespread and extends from this region to the wider cell（Kinnear et al., 2008;Clark et al., 2010）. We therefore proposed that perinuclear clusters of Ry R3 may act as an initiation site for propagating calcium waves and contraction（Dipp ＆ evans, 2001;Kinnear et al., 2008）. Thereafter, by calcium-induced calcium release, Ry R2 may carry propagating calcium waves away from perinuclear clusters of Ry R3 and across the myofilaments to enhance myocyte contraction（Kinnear et al., 2008;Clark et al., 2010）. A third subtype of SERCA pump in PASMCs, namely SERCA1, and Ry R1 preferentially lines invaginati

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Palladium-catalyzed S_(N)2 glycosylation of phenols

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1037-1038页

作者： Yu Zhu P.Andrew evans Department of Chemistry Queen’s University90 Bader LaneKingstonK7L 3N6Canada Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South UniversityChangsha 410013China

Glycosides are essential structural motifs present in an array of important medicines,materials,and natural products[1].Nevertheless,the chemo-and stereoselective construction of the glycosidic linkage is a long-standing challenge because relatively minor variations in the glycosyl donor or acceptor’s structure can impact stereoselectivity,thus influencing the product's functional properties.

关键词： properties Palladium catalyzed

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Identification of earthquake induced structural damage based on synchroextracting transform

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第2期23卷 475-487页

作者： Roshan Kumar Gaurav Kumar Wei Zhao Arvind R Yadav Gang Yu Jayendra Kumar evans Amponsah Department of Electronic and Information Technology Miami College of Henan UniversityHenan 475004China Alliance University Alliance College of Engineering and DesignBanglore 562106India Department of Electronics and Comm Parul UniversityVadodra 391760India School of Electrical Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China Department of Electronics and Comm NIT JamshedpurJamshedpur 831014India Department of Civil engineering Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 10959Ghana

Several popular time-frequency techniques,including the Wigner-Ville distribution,smoothed pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution,wavelet transform,synchrosqueezing transform,Hilbert-Huang transform,and Gabor-Wigner transform,are investigated to determine how well they can identify damage to *** this work,a synchroextracting transform(SET)based on the short-time Fourier transform is proposed for estimating post-earthquake structural *** performance of SET for artificially generated signals and actual earthquake signals is examined with existing *** other tested techniques,SET improves frequency resolution to a great extent by lowering the influence of smearing along the time-frequency ***,interpretation and readability with the proposed method are improved,and small changes in the time-varying frequency characteristics of the damaged buildings are easily detected through the SET method.

关键词： cross-term damage detection earthquake signal synchroextracting transform time-frequency

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Equal Opportunities

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英语世界 2024年第4期 126-128页

作者： Russell evans

Pre-reading task Youaregoingtoreadanarticleabout ***,thinkaboutyourown *** equal opportunities policy? Why? Which groups of people do you think have been helped by equal opportunities law?

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数字化能源管理系统促进工业界节能减碳的分析与建议

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中国科学院院刊 2024年第2期39卷 311-322页

作者：耿端阳许通朱庆华 Steve evans 英国剑桥大学工程系制造研究所剑桥CB30FS 英国剑桥大学土地经济系环境能源与自然资源管理中心剑桥CB33QZ 上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院上海200030

工业生产是碳排放的主要来源。减少能源浪费、达成生产节能对实现我国“双碳”目标至关重要。随着数字化技术进步,数字化能源管理系统可通过将不可见的能源可视化,促进企业节能。文章分析了英国、美国、德国、日本和瑞典应用能源管理系... 详细信息

工业生产是碳排放的主要来源。减少能源浪费、达成生产节能对实现我国“双碳”目标至关重要。随着数字化技术进步,数字化能源管理系统可通过将不可见的能源可视化,促进企业节能。文章分析了英国、美国、德国、日本和瑞典应用能源管理系统的现状,总结了其特点与应用条件,与我国在此方面的发展进行了对比,并探讨了我国在部署能源管理系统过程中所面临的挑战。文章还提出从“工厂、产线和设备”到“产品”角度分析能耗,构建“基于生产步骤的单位产品能耗标签”的方法论框架。探讨了政府、企业等利益相关者在该方法论中的角色,并提出了政府支持发展数字化能源管理系统的对策,包括推动系统建设、支持合作、确定能耗基准和引导企业对标行业最优实践。

关键词：数字化技术能源浪费能源管理能源系统碳中和

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Enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic substitution with a Reformatsky reagent: direct construction of β-stereogenic homoallylic esters

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Debasis Pal Kirana D.Veeranna Yuk Fai Wong P.Andrew evans Department of Chemistry Queen's University(Canada) Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University

The Reformatsky reagent derived from ethyl bromoacetate circumvents the challenge associated with the direct regio-and enantioselective iridium-catalyzed allylic alkylation with an unstabilized aliphatic ester enolate. Notably, this work represents the first example of using a Reformatsky reagent in a metal-allyl reaction, which permits the direct construction of enantioenriched β-stereogenic homoallylic esters without preactivation of the pronucleophile or post-reaction modification of the product(e.g., thermal decarboxylation of a 1,3-dicarbonyl). Moreover, the process allows the coupling of a broad range of sterically and electronically diverse electrophiles bearing aryl, heteroaryl and alkenyl derivatives, including the significantly more challenging alkyl-substituted allylic carbonates. The versatility of the ester product is exemplified by a series of functional group manipulations and the development of a concise and efficient enantioselective total synthesis of the natural product,(+)-descurainolide A. Finally, mechanistic studies indicate that the zinc enolate behaves as a soft nucleophile that undergoes outer-sphere alkylation.

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Giving Food a Fiber Boost: Adding High Beta-Glucan Ingredient from Barley to Everyday Foods

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第4期15卷 277-289页

作者： Gongshe Hu Sherry Ellberg Kathy Satterfield Chris evans USDA ARS Pacific West Area 1691 S. 2700 W Aberdeen Idaho USA

Lack of dietary fiber contributes to many health issues, particularly chronic vascular diseases. Mixed linkage β-1.3 - 1.4 beta-glucan (beta-glucan, in this paper) is a confirmed beneficial ingredient for the human diet through reduction of cholesterol and the glycemic index. Barley contains the highest beta-glucan content of all the grains, and in this study, a percentage of flour from two high beta glucan lines was, each, added to an array of wheat-based food products to measure how it impacted total dietary fiber. Results showed that beta-glucan content was higher in all the products containing the added high beta-glucan flour, along with increased total dietary fiber content. Protein content in the food products is also increased with the higher protein in the barley flours added. Beta-glucan content in the barley-added products increased to 1.2% - 4.0% versus 0.2% - 0.5% in the pure wheat products, while the dietary fibers increased to 3.5% - 24.4% versus 2.1% - 9.1% in pure wheat product controls. This research provided experimental evidence that using a high beta-glucan barley ingredient in food can increase dietary fiber to benefit health.

关键词： Food High Fiber Barley Ingredient Beta-Glucan Human Health

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Microbial Degradation of Organic Contaminants in Streambed/Floodplain Sediments in Passaic River—New Jersey Area

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2024年第4期15卷 139-150页

作者： Taheim evans English Meghann Trombetta Alyssa Beres Yusuf Yildiz Department of Science Manchester Regional High School Haledon USA Department of Earth and Science Montclair University Montclair USA

This paper is intended to explore soil organic matter and carbon isotope fractionation at three locations of the Passaic River to determine if microbial degradation of organic contaminants in soil is correlated to the surrounding physical environment. Microbial degradation of organic contaminants is important for the detoxification of toxic substances thereby minimizing stagnation in the environment and accumulating in the food chain. Since organic contaminants are not easily dissolved in water, they will penetrate sediment and end up enriching the adjacent soil. The hypothesis that we are testing is microbial activity and carbon isotope fractionation will be greater in preserved soils than urban soils. The reason why this is expected to be the case is the expectation of higher microbial activity in preserved environments due to less exposure to pollutants, better soil structure, higher organic matter content, and more favorable conditions for microbial growth. This is contrasted with urban soils, which are impacted by pollutants and disturbances, potentially inhibiting microbial activity. We wish to collect soil samples adjacent to the Passaic River at a pristine location, Great Swamp Wildlife Refuge, a suburban location, Goffle Brook Park, Hawthorne NJ, and an urban location, Paterson NJ. These soil samples will be weighed for soil organic matter (SOM) and weighed for isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to test organic carbon isotopes. High SOM and δ13C depletion activity indicate microbial growth based on the characteristics of the soil horizon rather than the location of the soil sample which results in degradation of organic compounds.

关键词： Organic Contaminant PCBs Microbial Degradation Passaic River

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Dark Matter Density Profiles of Selected Spiral Galaxies

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第3期14卷 172-183页

作者： Alberto Sadun Brittany Salmon Conor evans Masoud Asadi-Zeydabadi Department of Physics University of Colorado Denver Denver USA

Understanding the dark matter distribution throughout a galaxy can provide insight into its elusive nature. Numerous density profiles, such as the Navarro, Frenk and White model, have been created in an attempt to study this distribution through analyzing orbital velocities of luminous matter and modeling dark matter distributions to explain these observations. However, we are interested in a simple model to consider the significant fluctuations in rotation curves at larger radii. Therefore, our model is much simpler compared to those previously mentioned. Our model used all the observational data available for four selected galactic rotation curves. These data present a significant variation in the orbital velocity of matter at the same distances. By running real observational data through our model, we show that the density of the dark matter within them shows real complex structure, which is not suggested by other computational models. Our aim of this paper is to model this structure and then speculate as to the cause and implications of these density fluctuations.

关键词： Dark Matter Density Galactic Rotation Curves Spiral Galaxies NGC 2841 NGC 4527 NGC 4945 NGC 3198

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