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An Evaluation to the Performance of Evacuated Tube Solar Heaters for Arid and Hot Areas

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Energy Engineering 2023年第3期120卷 587-596页

作者： Asaad H.sayer Samah Hussein Kadhim Hameed B.mahood Department of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of Thi-QarNasiriyahIraq Centre for Sustainable Cooling School of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Solar energy applications could be the best alternative to the conventional fuels for the purposes of domestic,water and space heating and some industries in the sunny,arid,and hot *** the present study,the performance of an evacuated tube solar heater for water heating for months of February and march was experimentally *** was performed in a hot and arid area(Nasiriya City,South of Iraq).A solar heater with ten evacuated tube solar collectors with a capacity of 100 liter was used in the *** evacuated tube had a length of 1.8m with an outside diameter of 8 *** was observed that for the two selected months,water temperature of the solar heater reached a maximum more than 70°C during sunny days with no heat extraction from the tank of the solar ***,heat was extracted from the solar collector with four different flowrates 0.5,0.75,1,and 1.25 l/min,*** results showed that temperature of the solar heater behaved differently from the static *** the heat extraction begun,there was a gradual and noticeable decrease in the water temperature of the *** observed decrease was slight with the lowest flowrate(0.25 l/m)and becomes sharp with the highest flowrate(1.25 l/min).However,water temperature of the solar heater remained higher than 40°C for the investigated flowrates except the case of 1.25 l/*** results showed that evacuated tube solar heater can work efficiently in arid and hot areas in winter and spring seasons when the conditions of solar radiation are suitable.

关键词： Solar energy evacuated tubes solar collectors

The Effect of a Liquid Cover on the Thermal Performance of a Salinity Gradient Solar Pond:An Experimental Study

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Energy Engineering 2022年第1期119卷 17-34页

作者： Asaad H.sayer mohsin E.Al-Dokheily Hameed B.mahood Haider m.Khadem Alasdair N.Campbell Department of Chemistry College of ScienceUniversity of Thi-QarThi-QarIraq Department of Chemical and Process Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK

SalinityGradient Solar Ponds(SGSPs)offer the potential to capture and store solar energy for use in a range of domestic and industrial activities in regions with high solar ***,the evaporation of water from these ponds is a significant problem that must be overcome for them to be deployed ***,two ponds were constructed in the city of Nasiriya,*** two ponds were cylindrical with a diameter of 1.4 m and a total depth of 1.4 *** water body in the two ponds was constructed with layer depths of 0.5,0.75 and 0.1 m for the lower convective zone(LCZ),non-convective zone(NCZ)and the upper convective zone(UCZ)*** of the two ponds was covered with a thin liquid paraffin layer(0.5 cm)to eliminate evaporation from the surface of the *** behavior of the standard SGSP and that of the covered pond with evaporation suppressed can be straightforwardly *** experimental units were run for six months from 1st of February to 31st of July *** was shown in the first instance that by covering the pond with a thin layer of paraffin,that evaporation could be *** results showed that for the conventional SGSP,the temperature of the LCZ reached a maximum of ca.76℃ while in the covered pond the temperature of the LCZ was consistently lower than that in the uncovered pond by approximately 5-6℃.The results also indicated that the temperature of the UCZ in the covered pond was higher than that in the uncovered pond by about 10℃ in the second half of the study ***,it was noted that on rainy days the paraffin layer was swept away from the surface;and this could hinder the implementation of thin liquid cover in the large SGSP.

关键词： Salinity gradient solar pond paraffin cover comparison study experimental technique

The grassland carbon cycle:mechanisms,responses to global changes,and potential contribution to carbon neutrality

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Fundamental Research 2023年第2期3卷 209-218页

作者： Lingli Liu Emma J.sayer meifeng Deng Ping Li Weixing Liu Xin Wang Sen Yang Junsheng Huang Jie Luo Yanjun Su Josém.Grünzweig Lin Jiang Shuijin Hu Shilong Piao State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQUnited Kingdom Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichZurich 8057Switzerland Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 7610001Israel School of Biological Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology310 Ferst DriveAtlantaGA 30332United States Department of Plant Pathology North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27607United States Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Grassland is one of the largest terrestrial biomes,providing critical ecosystem services such as food production,biodiversity conservation,and climate change *** climate change and land-use intensification have been causing grassland degradation and desertification *** one of the primary medium for ecosystem energy flow and biogeochemical cycling,grassland carbon(C)cycling is the most fundamental process for maintaining ecosystem *** this review,we first summarize recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning spatial and temporal patterns of the grassland C cycle,discuss the importance of grasslands in regulating inter-and intra-annual variations in global C fluxes,and explore the previously unappreciated complexity in abiotic processes controlling the grassland C balance,including soil inorganic C accumulation,photochemical and thermal degradation,and wind *** also discuss how climate and land-use changes could alter the grassland C balance by modifying the water budget,nutrient cycling and additional plant and soil ***,we examine why and how increasing aridity and improper land use may induce significant losses in grassland C ***,we identify several priorities for future grassland C research,including improving understanding of abiotic processes in the grassland C cycle,strengthening monitoring of grassland C dynamics by integrating ground inventory,flux monitoring,and modern remote sensing techniques,and selecting appropriate plant species combinations with suitable traits and strong resistance to climate fluctuations,which would help design sustainable grassland restoration strategies in a changing climate.

关键词： Climate changes Land-use change Soil Biotic and abiotic interactions Grassland degradation Grassland restoration Carbon accounting Carbon storage and sequestration mechanisms

Capacities in Facing Natural Hazards: A Small Island Perspective

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2014年第4期5卷 247-264页

作者： mercy m.F.Rampengan Agni Klintuni Boedhihartono Lisa Law J.C.Gaillard Jeffrey sayer School of Earth and Environmental Sciences James Cook UniversityQueensland 4870Australia School of Environment The University of AucklandAuckland 1142New Zealand

Isolated communities on small islands are often characterized as vulnerable and marginalized. We studied the recent history of Laingpatehi, a village on Ruang Island off the north coast of Sulawesi, Indonesia to show that the marginalization-vulnerability nexus can be offset by capacity and social cohesion to enable sustainable livelihoods. The island has been impacted by volcanic eruptions,earthquakes, and competition for marine resources from mainland-based fishermen. The community has shown a remarkable ability to cope and prosper in the face of a series of external hazards. We used a sustainable livelihoods approach to identify the assets that enabled the villagers to cope. Strong social cohesion was central to the ability to organize the community and confront hazards. A diversified livelihood strategy drawing on the small island environment and its coastal and marine resources, income generating activities in a distant satellite village, and significant remittances from employment in other parts of Indonesia underpinned people’s capacities to face *** assistance played a supporting role. The case of Laingpatehi demonstrates how remoteness, rather than being a source of vulnerability, can provide access to existing resources and facilitate innovation. Disaster risk reduction strategies should focus more on reinforcing these existing capacities to deal with hazards and less on physical protection and postdisaster responses.

关键词： Human and social resources Indonesia Livelihood diversity Natural hazards Remote marginal communities Small islands

Exteriorized colon anastomosis for unprepared bowel: An alternative to routine colostomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第23期13卷 3215-3220页

作者： Sami K Asfar Hilal m Al-sayer Talib H Juma Professor and Chairman Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University and Mubarak Al-Kabeer Hospital Safat-13110 Kuwait Associate Professor Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine Kuwait University and Department of Surgery Ameri Hospital Kuwait Consultant Surgeon Department of Surgery Ameri Hospital Kuwait

AIm: To see the possibility of avoiding routine colostomy in patients presenting with unprepared bowel. mETHODS: The cohort is composed of 103 patients, of these, 86 patients presented as emergencies (self- inflected and iatrogenic colon injuries, stab wounds and blast injury of the colon, volvulus sigmoid, obstructing left colon cancer, and strangulated ventral hernia). Another 17 patients were managed electively for other colon pathologies. During laparotomy, the involved segment was resected and the two ends of the colon were brought out via a separate colostomy wound. One layer of interrupted 3/0 silk was used for colon anastomosis. The exteriorized segment was immediately covered with a colostomy bag. Between the 5th and 7th postoperative day, the colon was easily dropped into the peritoneal cavity. The defect in the abdominal wall was closed with interrupted nonabsorbable suture. The skin was left open for secondary closure. RESULTS: The mean hospital stay (± SD) was 11.5 ± 2.6 d (8-20 d). The exteriorized colon was successfully dropped back into the peritoneal cavity in all patients except two. One developed a leak from oesophago- jejunostomy and from the exteriorized colon. She subsequently died of sepsis and multiple organ failure (mOF). In a second patient the colon proximal to the exteriorized anastomosis prolapsed and developed severe serositis, an elective ileo-colic anastomosis (to the left colon) was successfully performed. CONCLUSION: Exteriorized colon anastomosis is simple, avoids the inconvenience of colostomy and can be an alternative to routine colostomy. It is suitable where colostomy is socially unacceptable or the facilities and care is not available.

关键词：结肠造口术腹部结肠结肠损伤结肠吻合术结肠癌

广谱光稳定的无机防晒剂对保护皮肤免受由UV和近UV光引起的自由基损伤的预防

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广谱光稳定的无机防晒剂对保护皮肤免受由UV和近UV光引起的自由基...

第十届中国化妆品学术研讨会

作者： Robert m.sayer Paul Staniland Gemma L.Stansfield 康绮袁波 Croda Ditton Foundry Lane 禾大中国

UVB辐射的影响多年来已广为人知,而最近UVA辐射的潜在危害逐渐受到重视关注,新的皮肤研究表明近UV或HEV(高能量可见光)也可导致过早衰老、形成皱纹和DNA损伤。创新的电子自旋共振技术(ESR)已被用于研究受紫外和近紫外光辐射下,有机与无... 详细信息

UVB辐射的影响多年来已广为人知,而最近UVA辐射的潜在危害逐渐受到重视关注,新的皮肤研究表明近UV或HEV(高能量可见光)也可导致过早衰老、形成皱纹和DNA损伤。创新的电子自旋共振技术(ESR)已被用于研究受紫外和近紫外光辐射下,有机与无机防晒剂预防皮肤替代物中形成的自由基的功效。一个自旋捕截剂(5,5-二甲基-1-吡咯啉N-氧化物,DmPO)被用来作为自旋加合物,并延长了自由基在皮肤替代物中的存活时间。油包水防晒霜的配方含有对UVA/UVB不同衰减能力的二氧化钛(Ti O2)可用来保护皮肤不受损伤,并且研究了自由加合物数量。研究中,广谱光稳定的TiO 2与无保护的皮肤相比,自由基加合物减少了70%。在减少由于UV和近UV辐射而产生的自由基数量上,防晒剂的广谱保护显现出极端重要性。

关键词：紫外线UVA/UVB辐射红外和高能量可见光HEV辐射无机(物理)紫外线过滤剂二氧化钛TiO2 Solaveil

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层次管程

电子计算机参考资料 1980年第6期 59-65页

作者： A.m.LISTER P.J.sayer 张学晓袁玉

本文介绍用层次的一组管程构造操作系统的技术。层次反映和增强了系统结构,并引伸到系统核心本身。核心事实上被处理成管理中央处理机的一个专门的管程,这种技术已用于写DEG PDP-15的一个小型实验系统。本文报导关于此系统的经验。讨论... 详细信息

本文介绍用层次的一组管程构造操作系统的技术。层次反映和增强了系统结构,并引伸到系统核心本身。核心事实上被处理成管理中央处理机的一个专门的管程,这种技术已用于写DEG PDP-15的一个小型实验系统。本文报导关于此系统的经验。讨论关于管程过程的互斥问题,并提出一个可行的解决办法。

关键词：管程开销进程间通讯

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持续非卧床腹膜透析并发症的影像诊断

放射学实践 2006年第11期21卷 1195-1196页

作者： Horger m sayer m Brodoefel H Heyne N 张伶（译）胡道予（校）不详华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院

长期门诊腹膜透析(CAPD)治疗肾功能衰竭在德国应用越来越广泛,它可替代血液透析.对于有适应症的患者,CAPD治疗肾功能衰竭具有简便有效和施行的时间地点不受限制的优点.无论是作为肾移植前的过渡性治疗还是对于不能耐受血液透析的患者,C... 详细信息

长期门诊腹膜透析(CAPD)治疗肾功能衰竭在德国应用越来越广泛,它可替代血液透析.对于有适应症的患者,CAPD治疗肾功能衰竭具有简便有效和施行的时间地点不受限制的优点.无论是作为肾移植前的过渡性治疗还是对于不能耐受血液透析的患者,CAPD都是一个很好的选择.

关键词：腹膜透析透析并发症持续非卧床影像诊断 CAPD治疗肾功能衰竭血液透析可替代

The Relevant Roles of Plastic and Orthopedic Surgery in Hand Salvage

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modern Plastic Surgery 2018年第2期8卷 29-43页

作者： Bassam Ahmed Almutlaq mohammad m. Al-Qattan majid Zannon Alturkstani Rakan Fraih Almuazzi Abdulkarim Saleh Alkhateeb Ayman Talla Talla muqbil sayer Alshammari Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed College of medicine University of Hail Hail KSA Division of Plastic Surgery Head of Research Centre College of Medicine King Saud University Riyadh KSA Batterjee medical College Jeddah Saudi Arabia

Over the recent past few years, there is a huge innovation in plastic surgery and orthopedic surgery through implantation of new techniques, which enabled a great level of success in hand salvage. Conditions such as trauma, tumor, sepsis, or vascular disease, may necessitate hand salvage. The most frequent argument among surgeon from different subspecialties (orthopedics, plastics, trauma, and vascular surgery) are characterized by in what way each one can do his own part of the salvage operation, be it bony fixation, revascularization, or soft-tissue coverage, but none of them is sure whether it should be endeavored. What is necessary in such clinical situations is an interdisciplinary team attitude led by individual or groups of clinicians who are conversant not only with their identifiable subspecialized skills but also with those of their coworkers and the consequences accompanying the joined efforts at hand salvage. The perception of orthoplastic surgery is based on such an indication, where the integrated skills and techniques of the orthopedic surgeon and reconstructive microsurgeon are performed in recital to direct efforts concerning hand salvage or choose against it when it is not designated. The current article reviews the roles of orthopedic and plastic surgery and how this team can deal with the existing techniques to improve outcomes in hand salvage surgery.

关键词： Hand Salvage Plastic Surgery Orthopedic Surgery Hand Transplantation Prosthetic Fitting