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Effect of Non-Delineated Normal Volumes in iMRT Treatment for Left Breast Cancer: A Treatment Planning Study

international Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2015年第1期4卷 13-24页

作者： Tamer Dawod Sabbah i. Hammoury Mostafa Elnaggar Mustafa Kamal Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department Faculty of Medicine Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt Medical Physics Department Alexandria Ayadi Almostakbl Oncology Center (AAAOC) Alexandria Egypt Department of Cancer Management and Research Medical Research institute Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Metal Physics Lab Physics Department Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt

introduction: intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (iMRT) planning dose calculation process depends on iMRT dose constraints. So, if there was any structure along the treatment beam path not delineated, it would not be taken into account during that calculation process. During iMRT routine practical work, it is noticed that there are some non-delineated normal tissue volumes that received un-aimed dose. Aim: The purpose of this study was to study the effect of unusually delineated normal volumes in iMRT treatment for left sided breast cancer. Method: Ten left sided breast cancer patients were planned with iMRT inverse planning system. The unusually delineated normal volumes were delineated and taken into account in iMRT dose constraints as an Organ at Risk. Doses received by that volume were compared in the two methods quantitatively from Dose Volume Histograms (DVHs) and qualitatively from (axial cuts). Results: The results showed that doses received by the unusually delineated volume when they were delineated and taken into account in iMRT dose constraints were significantly higher than when they were not. Conclusions: The results showed that for iMRT planning technique used for treating left-sided breast cancer, all of the normal tissues/structures that are closed to the treatment targets must be delineated and taken into account in the iMRT planning dose constraints.

关键词： Radiotherapy iMRT Linear Accelerator Treatment Planning System TPS NTiAV

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A Comparative Study of Element Cycling in the Soil-Plant System: A Case Study of Shaly and Calcareous Soils, Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria

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international Journal of Geosciences 2014年第4期5卷 453-463页

作者： T. N. Nganje C. i. Adamu Department of Geology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria

This study focused on the cycling of major and trace elements in the soil-plant system in parts of Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria. Surface soil samples and cassava crop samples were collected from cultivated farmlands underlined by shaly and calcareous soils and were analysed using standard techniques. The results show that shaly soils are relatively acidic (pH, 4.8 - 6.6) with high level of organic matter content (OM, 3.2% - 8.7%) compared to calcareous soils (pH, 5.6 - 7.2;OM 1.6% - 7.0%). The soils are enriched in elemental composition relative to the world average abundances in soil. The maximum levels of K, Al, and Zn were obtained from shaly soils. The computed accumulation factors are generally in the plant parts in the order tuber > leaf > stem. Significant correlation was obtained between elemental associations of calcareous surface soils compared to that of shaly soils. R-mode factor analysis revealed the controls of soil geochemistry to include lithology, anthropogenic and environmental factors. A stepwise linear regression analysis identified soil elemental component, pH and organic matter as some of the factors influencing soil-plant metal uptake.

关键词： Soil Plant System Cycling of Elements Calcareous Soils Shaly Soils Southern Benue Trough Nigeria

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Different Plant Extracts against Phytophthora infestans(Mont.) de Bary in Tomato in Vitro

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第4期10卷 698-708页

作者： Rachel i. Ndala Ernest Rashid Mbega Patrick A. Ndakidemi School of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology (NM-AIST) Arusha Tanzania Centre for Research Agricultural Advancement Teaching Excellence and Sustainability in Food and Nutrition Security (CREATES-FNS) Arusha Tanzania

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts in managing late blight disease in tomato, in vitro. Crude extracts were from Plectranthus barbatus, Tephrosia vogelii, Sphaeranthus suaveolens and Lantana camara. These were compared with commercial formulations Otiva fungicide and untreated as negative control. Their effectiveness was determined by measuring the inhibition zone of the mycelial growth of the pathogen recorded in triplicate at 48 hours and 72 hours. The results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) among the extracting solvents on percentage inhibition of Phytophthora infestans. Methanol was superior in inhibiting the growth of mycelial growth of P. infestans as compared with ethyl acetate. Furthermore, all plants tested showed antifungal activity against P. infestans. The P. barbatus, L. camara and S. suaveolens were comparable with the commercial fungicide in inhibiting the growth of P. infestans. in this study, T. vogelii extract showed poor results in inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. infestans as compared with other plant extracts. Also, it was observed that, there were significant (P interactive effects between solvent and plant extracts and between incubation time and plant extracts.

关键词： Tomato Late Blight Disease Plant Extracts inhitionpercentage

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Melanoma: Surgery Subsequent to PDT—is it Worth Doing? A 10-Year Pilot Trial Using Chlorin-Type Photosensitizer Bremachlorin&reg

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2017年第10期8卷 902-912页

作者： Evgeniy i. Volkov Andrei V. Reshetnickov Harrie Vink State Budget Healthcare Facility “Sverdlovskiy Oblastnoy Oncologicheskiy Dispancer” Ekaterinburg Russia AREV PHARM LLC. Moscow Russia RADA-PHARMA international B.V. Steenbergen The Netherlands

Bremachlorin®, also known as “Radachlorin®” and Photochlorin, a composition of 3 chlorophyll a derivatives in an aqueous solution [1], was initially introduced into the Russian and South Korean Pharmacopoeias with the corresponding marketing authorizations received in 2006 and 2008, on the basal cell skin carcinoma PDT protocol. Phase i-ii clinical trials led in 2002-2005 showed no side effects, a good tolerability by patients and a high clinical anti-tumor efficacy. Further studies described in the present paper were fulfilled in accordance with a skin melanoma PDT + surgery combined technique protocol in 2006-2016. Resulting from the present trial, up to the 100% complete responses were achieved after resection and plastic surgery following PDT, with no melanoma regrowth or metastases during 5 and 10-year observation periods. Conducting PDT one day prior to tumor dissection can guarantee to meet the ablastics principles at the subsequent surgery. At the same time, the PDT + surgery protocol can allow for dissecting the tumor with less distance from its edge, which seems to be important for the face localizations of tumors.

关键词： Melanoma Skin PDT Radahlorin Radachlorin Bremachlorin Photochlorin Laser Cancer

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Comparative Assessment of Phytochemicals, Proximate and Elemental Composition of Gnetum africanum(Okazi) Leaves

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第7期6卷 604-609页

作者： i. O. Okerulu C. T. Onyema Department Pure and industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria

The leaves of Gnetum africanum were studied for their proximate (nutrient), mineral (elemental) and phytochemical constituents. All analyses were done using standard analytical procedures and the results obtained showed a moisture content, crude protein, ash content, crude fibre, crude lipids and carbohydrates of 10.9%, 20.12%, 6.70%, 7.10%, 2.79% and 52.39% respectively. The mineral (elemental) analysis showed the presence of sodium, magnessium, calcium, iron, zinc, manganesse, potassium and copper in that order of decreasing concentration while notably absent was chromium and lead in the examined leaves. The phytochemicals detected in the leaves using various selected solvents were alkaloids, saponins, glycosides and tannins with various concentrations while flavonoids, phenols and steroids were totally absent. From the results of the aforementioned analyses, it could be concluded that the leaves of Gnetum africanum contain some beneficial nutrients, mineral elements and secondary metabolites justifying the medicinal status and possible potency of the plant part.

关键词： Gnetum africanum Leaves Phytochemicals Proximate and Elemental Compositions

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牛顿革命

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作者： (美)i·B·科恩

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Assessment of Organ Dose and Effective Dose from Head CT Examination in a Large Hospital in South-Southern Nigeria

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international Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2018年第4期7卷 431-437页

作者： R. i. Obed M. E. Ekpo Department of Physics University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

The magnitude of radiation dose imparted to patients who underwent Head Computed Tomography examination in a large tertiary hospital in South-Southern Nigeria has been estimated. CT-ExPO dosimetry software was used to determine the effective and organ doses to the head region of 40 adult patients. Scanning parameters were retrieved from the CT monitor for both contrast-enhanced and non-contrast head CT examinations. The tube potential ranged from 100 kVp to 120 kVp, while the mAs ranged from 127 mAs to 202 mAs. The mean values of the volume Computed Tomography Dose index (CTDivol) and Dose Length Product (DLP) for the contrast-enhanced Head CT examination were 166.4 ± 39.6 mGy and 3568.6 ± 756.1 mGy·cm, respectively, while for the non-contrast examination they were 86.6 ± 30.4 mGy and 2102.3 ± 870.3 mGy·cm, respectively. The effective doses were higher for the contrast-enhanced study than for the non-contrast study by a factor of 1.6. Results were compared with the European Union reference doses and other published data and were found to be higher. Doses to the organs which comprise of brain, red bone marrow, thyroid and eye lens were also estimated. The high variation in the doses in this study may be due to differences in imaging protocols such as large range of mAs and scan lengths and also the algorithm of the scanner.

关键词： Computed Tomography Dose index Dose Length Product Organ Doses Effective Dose CT-ExPO Software

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Antibody fragment V_(H)ab6:universal neutralizer for SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Journal of Bio-X Research 2023年第2期6卷 73-77页

作者： Mujahed i.Mustafa Abdelrafie M.Makhawi Department of Biotechnology College of Applied and Industrial SciencesUniversity of BahriKhartoumSudan

The recent coronavirus disease 2019(COViD-19)outbreak has highlighted the inadequacy of our ability to respond to newly emerging *** medications are the most effective means of combating the pandemic,yet their diminishing efficacy and a large population of unvaccinated individuals will create a fertile environment for the virus’s propagation and the emergence of novel variants,posing an ongoing risk of infection for vulnerable populations with compromised immune *** treat those infected,effective treatments must be *** this review,we discuss a breakthrough in engineered antibody fragments that could provide a protective barrier against the onslaught of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)variants as well as future other viral infections.

关键词： COViD-19 omicron variants SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern V_(H)ab6

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Market Power of Coordinated Hydro-wind Joint Bidding:Croatian Power System Case Study

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第2期10卷 531-541页

作者： Perica ilak igor Kuzle Lin Herencic Josip Dakovic ivan Rajsl the University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and ComputingZagrebCroatia

The paper analyses the coordinated hydro-wind power generation considering joint bidding in the electricity *** impact of mutual bidding strategies on market prices,traded volumes,and revenues has been *** coordination assumes that hydro power generation is scheduled mainly to compensate the differences between actual and planned wind power *** potential of this coordination in achieving and utilizing of market power is *** market equilibrium of asymmetric generation companies is analyzed using a game theory *** assumed market situation is imperfect competition and non-cooperative game.A nu-merical approximation of the asymmetric supply function equilibrium is used to model this *** introduced novelty is the application of an asymmetric supply function equilibrium approximation for coordinated hydro-wind power *** model is tested using real input data from the Croatian power system.

关键词： Asymmetric firm bidding strategy coordination hydro power wind power imperfect competition market power non-cooperative game optimal bidding strategy supply function equilibrium

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Fabrication of Multilayer Optical interference Filter as Colored Glazed Buildings Fa（;ades for Thermal Solar Collectors Using MgF2/SiO2

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2016年第1期6卷 49-55页

作者： Abdul- Hussain Kh. Elttayef Zainab i. Al-Assadi Center of Applied Physics Ministry of Sciences and Technology Bghdad Iraq Department of Physical College of Science Al-Mustansiriya University Bghdad lraq

A simple idea to obtain a desired color that hiding the black color, and the visibility of tubes and corrugations of the metal sheet （absorber） of the thermal solar collectors which is consider the main obstacle to facade integration buildings of solar thermal collectors will be presented in this study by designing a multilayer optical interference filter during RF magnetron sputtering process. This filter work as antireflection coating in the near iR region and also includes a high colored reflectance at a specific wavelength in the visible region, this is to gain an esthetic aspect for the thermal solar collector which can be used as building facades by employing appropriate dielectric materials with high refractive index （H） like SiO2 and low refractive index （L） such as MgF2 which they deposited on glass substrate for quarterwave thickness and for the optical model air//HL//glass.

关键词： colored glazed solar collectors interference filters.

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