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Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Palygorskite in Central Iranian Soils Developed on Tertiary Sediments

Pedosphere 2013年第3期23卷 359-371页

作者： S.HOJATI H.KHADEMI a.faz cano S.AYOUBI A.LANDI Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology Agrarian Science and Technology Department Technical University of Cartagena Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz

Limited information is available on the distribution and origin of palygorkite in soils developed on Tertiary sediments as the major soil parent materials in central Iran and other Middle Eastern countries. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution and origin of palygorskite in soils developed on Tertiary sediments, and to identify the major soil properties that influence palygorskite distribution in the soils studied. Sixteen soil profiles developed on Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Oligocene-Miocene, Miocene and Pliocene sediments were studied by X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscopy. Physicochemical characteristics of the soils and sediments including particle size distribution, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, gypsum, carbonates, and soluble Si, Ca and Mg were determined. The principal component analysis was used to establish the relationships between palygorskite and the physicochemical characteristics of the soils studied. Results showed that clay fraction of all the soils in the study area was dominated by palygorskite. The highest amount of palygorskite was found in horizons where simultaneous accumulation of both carbonates and gypsum occurred. Limited amount of palygorskite was found in salic and calcic horizons. Palygorskite seemed to be of eolian origin in the surface horizon of all the soils. Using principal component analysis, the soluble Mg/Ca ratio, pH, soluble Si and gypsum contents were identified as the most important factors affecting the distribution and genesis of palygorskite in the soils studied. Results might suggest the neoformation of palygorskite by precipitation from solutions in which evaporation fluxes were very high. However, palygorskite in soils developed on Tertiary sediments in central Iran seems to be of both inherited and pedogenic origins.

关键词： clay minerals discriminant analysis gypsum parent materials principal component analysis

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Biological weathering of phlogopite during enriched vermicomposting

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 440-451页

作者： Fariba JAFARI Hossein KHADEMI Vajihe SHAHROKH Angel faz cano Jose A.ACOSTA Farhad KHORMALI Department of Soil Science College of AgricultureIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahan 84156-83111Iran Sustainable Use Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research GroupUniversidad Politécnica de CartagenaPaseo Alfonso ⅩⅢ48CartagenaMurcia 30203Spain Department of Soil Science Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural ResourcesGorgan 49189-43464Iran

As the dominant macrofauna in many soils,earthworms play a significant role in mineral weathering and nutrient release from mineral structures into available forms for root *** is a trioctahedral micaceous mineral that can be weathered to other minerals through release of its interlayer potassium(K).In this study,we investigated the effect of earthworm activities and associated microbial communities on phlogopite weathering during the production of phlogopite-enriched vermicompost with different quantities of phlogopite *** experiment was run under laboratory conditions using three levels of phlogopite(0,20%and 40%by weight)in *** Petri dish contained 20 g of a mixture of cow manure and phlogopite,and vermicomposting process was performed by inoculation of eight Eisenia foetida *** in clay mineralogy and C/N ratio in each dish were assessed at days 0,45,90,135,and 180 during *** results indicated that phlogopite was partially weathered to vermiculite and interstratified mica-vermiculite during the vermicomposting *** rate of weathering was higher during the early stages of vermicomposting(the first 90 d).The weathering of phlogopite was influenced considerably by the activity of earthworms and associated microbial communities during the organic matter transformation *** the early stages of the process,the weathering rate for different levels of phlogopite was not significantly different,but over time it accelerated steadily,and the difference increased.

关键词： C/N ratio earthworm Eisenia foetida enriched vermicompost mineral weathering weathering rate X-ray diffraction

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