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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第1期12卷 1-12页

作者： Livhuwani D.Nemakonde Dewald Van Niekerk Per becker Sizwile Khoza African Centre for Disaster Studies Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2522South Africa Lund University Centre for Risk Assessment and Management(LUCRAM) Lund University22100 LundSweden

Integration of disaster risk reduction(DRR)and climate change adaptation(CCA)is widely recognized as a solution for reducing the risk and impacts of ***,successful integration seems elusive,and the two goals continue to function in isolation and in *** article provides empirical insights into the perceived effects of separating government institutions for DRR and CCA within the Southern African Development Community member states.A mixed method research design was applied to the study.A total of 40 respondents from Botswana,Eswatini(until April 2018 Swaziland),Madagascar,Malawi,Namibia,South Africa,Tanzania,Zambia,and Zimbabwe participated in face-to-face interviews or an online *** major effects of separating the organizations for DRR and CCA that impede efforts to reduce disaster risk coherently were identified:duplication of services,polarization of interventions,incoherent policies,competition for the same resources,and territorial *** the continued fragmentation of institutions for DRR and CCA,highlighting these effects is important to emphasize the need for integrated approaches towards the reduction of disaster risk.

关键词： Climate change adaptation Disaster risk reduction Southern African Development Community Sustainable development

EVALUATING THE WEIGHTED-SUM APPROACH FOR MEASURING BUILDINGS’ADAPTABILITY

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Journal of Green Building 2020年第3期15卷 37-54页

作者： Anna K becker Brandon E.Ross Dustin Albright 310A Lowry Hall Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634-0911USA.

As urban populations increase worldwide and more demands are placed on infrastructure and buildings,the topic of adaptable building design has experienced increased interest as a way to embed adaptability into the urban building stock and avoid unnecessary demolition and *** tools for judging building adaptability based on physical characteristics have recently been *** most common approach for these tools is to use a weighted-sum of scores for different *** primary purpose of this paper was to compare a weighted-sum measurement approach against a more rigorous,less abstract measurement that involved judgements about simulated adaptation projects(called an example-based approach).These measurements were performed through expert elicitation and an analytic hierarchy process(AHP)survey,where participants evaluated the relative adaptability of four case study buildings from the Clemson University *** results showed significant correlation between the weighted-sum approach and the example-based approach,supporting the reasonableness of using weighted-sum approaches to evaluate the adaptive potential of building *** addition,a separate group of experts rated adaptability of the case study buildings by providing qualitative reasons for their *** the other approaches,this group was not given a specific tool to guide their *** qualitative data provided additional context for understanding results from the quantitative approaches.

关键词： adaptability flexibility sustainability reuse analytic hierarchy process

Agricultural growing season calendars derived from MODIS surface reflectance

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第3期8卷 173-197页

作者： Alyssa K.Whitcraft Inbal becker-Reshef Christopher O.Justice Department of Geographical Sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA

In order to secure the necessary image acquisitions for global agricultural monitoring applications,we must first articulate Earth observation(EO)requirements for diverse agricultural landscapes and cropping *** to this task is the identification of agricultural growing season timing at a meaningful spatial scale,so as to better define the necessary periods of image *** this end,10 years of MODIS Terra Surface Reflectance imagery have been used to determine phenological transition dates including start of season,peak period,and end of season at 0.5°*** is the first set of global,satellite-derived,cropland-specific calendar dates for major field crops within a 0.5°,herein called agricultural growing season calendars Preliminary comparison against ground-based crop-specific calendars is performed,highlighting the utility of this approach for articulating growing season timing and its interannual and within-region *** research provides critical inputs for defining the EO requirements for the Global Agricultural Monitoring initiative(GEOGLAM),an effort by the Group on Earth Observations(GEO)to synergize existing national and regional observation systems for improved agricultural production and food security monitoring.

关键词： agriculture vegetation indices Earth observation data acquisition remote sensing

MicroRNAs in NF-κB signaling

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2011年第3期3卷 159-166页

作者： Xiaodong Ma Lindsey E.becker Buscaglia Juanita R.Barker Yong Li Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of MedicineUniversity of Louisville319 Abraham Flexner WayLouisvilleKY 40202USA

Nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)is a transcriptional factor that regulates a battery of genes that are critical to innate and adaptive immunity,cell proliferation,inflammation,and tumor ***(miRNAs)are short RNA molecules of 20-25 nucleotides in length that negatively regulate gene expression in animals and plants primarily by targeting 3′untranslated regions of *** this work,we review the convergence of miRNAs and NF-κB signaling and dysregulation of miRNAs and NF-κB activation in human diseases,particularly in *** function of miR-146,miR-155,miR-181b,miR-21,and miR-301a in NF-κB activation and their impact on tumorigenesis are *** that over 1000 human miRNAs have been identified,rendering miRNAs one of the most abundant classes of regulatory molecules,deciphering their biological function and pathological contribution in NF-κB dysregulation is essential to appreciate the complexity of immune systems and to develop therapeutics against cancer.

关键词： microRNA NF-κB cancer

Involvement of CYP347W1 in neurotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid-based chemical defense in mustard leaf beetle Phaedon cochleariae

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Insect Science 2022年第2期29卷 453-466页

作者： Nanxia Fu Tobias becker Wolfgang Brandt Maritta Kunert Antje Burse Wilhelm Boland Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resource Utilization Tea Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalle(Saale)Germany Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis Max Planck Institute for Chemical EcologyJenaGermany Department of Medical Technology and Biotechnology Ernst Abbe Hochschule JenaJenaGermany

Chrysomelina beetlesstore 3-nitropropionic acid in form of a pretoxin,isoxazolin-5-one glucoside-conjugated ester,to protect themselves against *** we identified a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,CYP347W1,to be involved in the production of the 3-nitropropionic acid moiety of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside *** down CYP347W1 led to a significant depletion in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester and an increase in the concentration of the isoxazolin-5-one glucoside in the larval *** assays with the heterologously expressed CYP347W1 showed freeβ-alanine was not the direct *** modeling indicated thatβ-alanine-CoA ester can fit into CYP347W1’s active ***,we proved that Phaedon cochleariae eggs are not able to de novo synthesize 3-NPA,although both isoxazolin-5-one glucoside and its 3-NPA-conjugated ester are present in the *** results provide direct evidence for the involvement of CYP347W1 in the biosynthesis of a *** chemical defense compound.

关键词： chemical defense isoxazolin-5-one glucoside isoxazolin-5-one glucoside ester leaf beetles P450 3-nitropropionic acid(3-NPA)

Improving the haploidization toolbox:Maternal factors take the stage

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Molecular Plant 2023年第4期16卷 651-653页

作者： Maria Flores-Tornero Helena Sapeta Jorg D.becker Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica Universidade Nova de LisboaAv.daRepublica2780-157OeirasPortugal

Plant breeders have a great interest in obtaining plants that are genetically homogeneous as quickly as possible,with high efficiency and at low *** approaches,including selfing or backcrossing,cannot provide *** technologies,however,offer a solution and are therefore the subject of intensive research,in particular during the last decade.

关键词： breed homogeneous quickly

多维时间相关单光子计数在生物医学中的应用(英文)

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深圳大学学报（理工版） 2008年第3期25卷 221-231页

作者： Wolfgang becker becker&Hickl公司 Nahmitzer Damm 30德国柏林D-12277

传统的时间相关单光子计数(Time-correlated single photon counting, TCSPC)受计数率低、一维测量和采集时间长的限制,难以在生物医学中的推广.评述TCSPC的机理和应用,指出TCSPC是探测周期光信号内的单个光子、测量光子探测时间以及构... 详细信息

传统的时间相关单光子计数(Time-correlated single photon counting, TCSPC)受计数率低、一维测量和采集时间长的限制,难以在生物医学中的推广.评述TCSPC的机理和应用,指出TCSPC是探测周期光信号内的单个光子、测量光子探测时间以及构建信号周期内光子分布与时间关系的一种技术,具有多维光子采集特性,计数率近似当前可用的探测器容量.该技术可采集光子对波长和空间座标的分布,时间尺度在皮秒量级,在实验开始时可进行二次计数.多维TCSPC技术拥有近似于理想的计数效率,其时间分辨率仅受探测器渡越时间的离散限制.故TCSPC在生物医学光谱学中极具应用价值.典型应用包括,时域光学X线断层照相、记录生物系统内的瞬态现象、荧光寿命成像显微术、活细胞内荧光共振能量转移实验,以及用荧光关联谱探索染料-蛋白复合体.

关键词：时间相关单光子计数多维探测生物医学光谱学荧光寿命成像显微术荧光共振能量转移

Cross-Polarized GPR Imaging of Fracture Flow Channeling

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Journal of Earth Science 2015年第6期26卷 776-784页

作者： Georgios P.Tsoflias Christopher Perll Matthew Baker Matthew W.becker Department of Geology the University of Kansas Chesapeake Energy Marathon Oil Corporation California State University Long Beach

Ground penetrating radar（GPR） can be used to image fractures and monitor fluid flow in the subsurface. Conventional GPR imaging uses single-polarization, co-polarized acquisition. We examine the use of cross-polarized GPR signals for imaging flow channeling in a discrete horizontal fracture. Numerical modeling（FDTD） demonstrates that when the fracture channel is oriented at an oblique angle to the survey line, depolarization of the GPR signal results in scattered energy along the cross-polarized components. When the channel is oriented parallel or orthogonal to the survey line, all scattered energy is captured by the co-polarized components and no signal is present in the cross-polarized orientation. Multipolarization, time-lapse 3D GPR field data were acquired at the Altona Flat Rock test site in New York State. The GPR surveys were conducted during background fresh fracture water conditions and during a natural gradient saline tracer test which was used to highlight flow channels along a sub-horizontal fracture. Amplitude analysis of the cross-polarized data reveals flow channeling that is in agreement with the co-polarized GPR images and with independent hydraulic tests. This investigation demonstrates that cross-polarized components of GPR signals can be used to enhance imaging of flow channels in fractured media.

关键词： GPR single-polarization cross-polarized data rapid flow saline tracer fractured rock.

Primary Hepatic Extra-gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors:Molecular Pathogenesis,Immunohistopathology,and Treatment

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第4期11卷 942-948页

作者： Erica C.becker Gonca Ozcan George Y.Wu Department of Medicine University of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology-HepatologyUniversity of Connecticut Health CenterFarmingtonCTUSA

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal *** originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal and are usually found in extrahepatic gastrointestinal ***,a small subset are derived from the liver and are known as primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors(PHGIST).They have a poor prognosis and are historically difficult to *** objective was to review and update the latest evidence-based knowledge concerning PHGIST,with a focus on epidemiology,etiology,pathophysiology,clinical presentation,histopathology,and *** tumors are usually found incidentally,occur sporadically,and are associated with mutations of KIT and PDGFRA *** is a diagnosis of exclusion,as it has the same molecular,immunochemistry and histological appearance as gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).Thus,imaging,such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT)must be used to rule out metastatic GIST before a diagnosis can be ***,with mutation analysis and pharmacological advances,tyrosine kinase inhibitors are typically pursued with or without surgical *** potential treatments include transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and tumor ***,these are typically considered palliative *** there are only a limited number of publications regarding PHGIST,data concerning morbidity and mortality are not yet *** can help develop screening guidelines and evaluating resistance to treatment.

关键词： Primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor Gastrointestinal tumor Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor Primary gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the liver

Medical management of victims contaminated with radionuclides after a “dirty bomb” attack

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Military Medical Research 2019年第1期6卷 13-22页

作者： Alexis Rump Benjamin becker Stefan Eder Andreas Lamkowski Michael Abend Matthias Port Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology

A wide spectrum of scenarios may lead to radiation incidents and the liberation of radioactive material. In the case of a terrorist attack by a "dirty bomb", there is a risk of mechanical and thermal trauma, external irradiation, superficial contamination and incorporation of radioactive material. The first treatment priority must be given to the care of trauma patients with life-threatening injuries, as the health effects of radiation occur with latency. Radionuclide incorporation will lead to a longer-lasting irradiation from inside the body, associated with a higher risk of stochastic radiation effects(e.g., occurrence of tumors) in the long run. It must be expected that victims with potentially incorporated radionuclides will far outnumber trauma patients. The elimination of radionuclides can be enhanced by the administration of decorporation agents such as(Ca) Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid(DTPA) or Prussian blue,reducing the radiological burden of the body. There is still no consensus whether decorporation treatment should be started immediately based only on a suspicion of radionuclide incorporation("urgent approach") or if the results of internal dosimetry confirming the necessity of a treatment should be awaited, accepting the delay caused by the measurements and computations("precautionary approach"). As the therapeutic effectiveness may be substantially decreased if treatment initiation is delayed only by several days, depending on the radionuclide, the physicochemical properties of the compounds involved and the route of absorption, we favor an "urgent approach" from a medical point of view. In doubt, it seems justified to treat victims by precaution, as the adverse effects of the medication seem minimal. However, in the case of a high number of victims, an "urgent treatment approach" may require a large number of daily doses of antidotes, and therefore, adequate investments in preparedness and antidote stockpiling are necessary.

关键词： Medical NRBC protection Radiological emergency Dirty bomb Combined injuries Radionuclide incorporation Decorporation therapy